A complete thermodynamic model is described for temperature and heat flow distribution simulation for ventilation networks in underground mines.The method is called the Computational Energy Dynamics(CED)model of the h...A complete thermodynamic model is described for temperature and heat flow distribution simulation for ventilation networks in underground mines.The method is called the Computational Energy Dynamics(CED)model of the heat,mass,and energy transport.The Thermal and Humidity(TH)transport elements of the full model are described for advection,convection,and accumulation,encompassing heat capacity,radiation,latent heat for evaporation,and condensation in the airways,as well as variable heat conduction and accumulation in the rock strata.The thermal flywheel effect for time-dependent temperature field applications is included in the model solution.A CED model validation exercise is described,directly evaluating the iterated,minimized energy balance errors for the mechanical and thermal energy components for each network branch after a converged solution is determined.A simulation example relevant to mine safety and health is shown with the CED-TH model,demonstrating its capabilities in efficiency and accuracy in comparison with measurement results.展开更多
‘Planning Emergency Levels of Service’(PELOS)are service delivery goals for infrastructure providers during and after an emergency event.These goals could be delivered through the existing infrastructure(e.g.,pipes,...‘Planning Emergency Levels of Service’(PELOS)are service delivery goals for infrastructure providers during and after an emergency event.These goals could be delivered through the existing infrastructure(e.g.,pipes,lines,cables),or through other means(trucked water or the provision of generators).This paper describes how an operationalised framework of PELOS for the Wellington region,New Zealand was created,alongside the key stakeholders.We undertook interviews and workshops with critical infrastructure entities to create the frame-work.Through this process we found five themes that informed the context and development of the PELOS framework:interdependencies between critical infrastructure,the need to consider the vulnerabilities of some community members,emergency planning considerations,stakeholders’willingness to collaborate on this re-search/project and the flexibility/adaptability of the delivery of infrastructure services following a major event.These themes are all explored in this paper.This research finds that the understanding of the hazardscape and potential outages from hazards is critical and that co-ordination between key stakeholders is essential to create such a framework.This paper may be used to inform the production of PELOS frameworks in other localities.展开更多
基金the Alpha Foundation for the Improvement of Mine Safety and Health,Inc.National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health(NIOSH)
文摘A complete thermodynamic model is described for temperature and heat flow distribution simulation for ventilation networks in underground mines.The method is called the Computational Energy Dynamics(CED)model of the heat,mass,and energy transport.The Thermal and Humidity(TH)transport elements of the full model are described for advection,convection,and accumulation,encompassing heat capacity,radiation,latent heat for evaporation,and condensation in the airways,as well as variable heat conduction and accumulation in the rock strata.The thermal flywheel effect for time-dependent temperature field applications is included in the model solution.A CED model validation exercise is described,directly evaluating the iterated,minimized energy balance errors for the mechanical and thermal energy components for each network branch after a converged solution is determined.A simulation example relevant to mine safety and health is shown with the CED-TH model,demonstrating its capabilities in efficiency and accuracy in comparison with measurement results.
文摘‘Planning Emergency Levels of Service’(PELOS)are service delivery goals for infrastructure providers during and after an emergency event.These goals could be delivered through the existing infrastructure(e.g.,pipes,lines,cables),or through other means(trucked water or the provision of generators).This paper describes how an operationalised framework of PELOS for the Wellington region,New Zealand was created,alongside the key stakeholders.We undertook interviews and workshops with critical infrastructure entities to create the frame-work.Through this process we found five themes that informed the context and development of the PELOS framework:interdependencies between critical infrastructure,the need to consider the vulnerabilities of some community members,emergency planning considerations,stakeholders’willingness to collaborate on this re-search/project and the flexibility/adaptability of the delivery of infrastructure services following a major event.These themes are all explored in this paper.This research finds that the understanding of the hazardscape and potential outages from hazards is critical and that co-ordination between key stakeholders is essential to create such a framework.This paper may be used to inform the production of PELOS frameworks in other localities.
