Ionospheric disturbances caused by acoustic waves emitted during earthquakes were studied using the Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)to analyze the changes in total electron content(TEC)values.GNSS signals norm...Ionospheric disturbances caused by acoustic waves emitted during earthquakes were studied using the Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)to analyze the changes in total electron content(TEC)values.GNSS signals normally propagate from satellites to receivers through the ionosphere layer.The delayed signals can be used to obtain TEC values by passing through the layer.Therefore,this study aims to analyze Coseismic Ionospheric Disturbances(CIDs)in six earthquakes,including 2016 M7.8 New Zealand(about 0.49 TECU),2018 M7.9 Alaska(about 0.20 TECU),2005 M7.2 California(about 0.29 TECU),2023 M7.5 Turkey(about 0.49 TECU),2012 M8.6 Sumatra(about 2.98 TECU),and 2012 M8.2 Sumatra(about 1.49 TECU)earthquakes.The propagation speed of the wave from the earthquake epicenter,identified as an acoustic wave,was estimated to be between 0.6 and 1.0 km/s.The 3D tomography modeling was performed to analyze the TEC height variations in the ionosphere to obtain a more accurate spatial analysis of TEC due to earthquakes.Moreover,checkerboard accuracy tests were applied to test the resolution of the 3D tomography model.The maximum ionization correlation test was also conducted for the six earthquakes to determine variations in the maximum ionization height of the ionosphere.The correlation test results between magnitude and maximum CID height produced a moderate correlation.The greater the earthquake magnitude,the higher the maximum CID detected.This is because greater earthquake produces compressed energy,which reduces the ionospheric density and reaches the maximum height.In addition,the maximum CID height is higher at night than in the afternoon because the E layer disappears at night.展开更多
基金supported by the Master's Thesis Research Program of the Ministry of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia,Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology with grant number 2002/PKS/ITS/2023 contract number 112/E5/PG.02.00.PL/2023.
文摘Ionospheric disturbances caused by acoustic waves emitted during earthquakes were studied using the Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)to analyze the changes in total electron content(TEC)values.GNSS signals normally propagate from satellites to receivers through the ionosphere layer.The delayed signals can be used to obtain TEC values by passing through the layer.Therefore,this study aims to analyze Coseismic Ionospheric Disturbances(CIDs)in six earthquakes,including 2016 M7.8 New Zealand(about 0.49 TECU),2018 M7.9 Alaska(about 0.20 TECU),2005 M7.2 California(about 0.29 TECU),2023 M7.5 Turkey(about 0.49 TECU),2012 M8.6 Sumatra(about 2.98 TECU),and 2012 M8.2 Sumatra(about 1.49 TECU)earthquakes.The propagation speed of the wave from the earthquake epicenter,identified as an acoustic wave,was estimated to be between 0.6 and 1.0 km/s.The 3D tomography modeling was performed to analyze the TEC height variations in the ionosphere to obtain a more accurate spatial analysis of TEC due to earthquakes.Moreover,checkerboard accuracy tests were applied to test the resolution of the 3D tomography model.The maximum ionization correlation test was also conducted for the six earthquakes to determine variations in the maximum ionization height of the ionosphere.The correlation test results between magnitude and maximum CID height produced a moderate correlation.The greater the earthquake magnitude,the higher the maximum CID detected.This is because greater earthquake produces compressed energy,which reduces the ionospheric density and reaches the maximum height.In addition,the maximum CID height is higher at night than in the afternoon because the E layer disappears at night.
