药品风险管理贯穿于药品整个生命周期,药品风险效益评估是药品上市前审评与上市后评价的核心内容,积极深入地开展药物警戒活动是提高药品监管水平保障公众用药安全有效的重要环节。国际药物警戒学会(International Society of Pharmacov...药品风险管理贯穿于药品整个生命周期,药品风险效益评估是药品上市前审评与上市后评价的核心内容,积极深入地开展药物警戒活动是提高药品监管水平保障公众用药安全有效的重要环节。国际药物警戒学会(International Society of Pharmacovigilance,ISoP)是权威、独立、非营利性的国际性学术组织,是国际范围内公开、中立分享经验和知识的专业学术平台,旨在提升全球药物警戒的科学性,促进药物警戒和风险管理技术的发展。本文介绍了其组建发展、任务和学术交流方式等内容,提出ISoP为中国药品评价及药物警戒专业人员开启了一扇了解国际药物警戒技术和风险管理策略发展前沿的窗口,值得中国药品评价、药物警戒和药品安全领域科研、学术及医疗机构、药品生产经营企业及政府监管人员的充分关注与积极参与。展开更多
Performing analog computations with metastructures is an emerging wave-based paradigm for solving mathematical problems.For such devices,one major challenge is their reconfigurability,especially without the need for a...Performing analog computations with metastructures is an emerging wave-based paradigm for solving mathematical problems.For such devices,one major challenge is their reconfigurability,especially without the need for a priori mathematical computations or computationally-intensive optimization.Their equation-solving capabilities are applied only to matrices with special spectral(eigenvalue)distribution.Here we report the theory and design of wave-based metastructures using tunable elements capable of solving integral/differential equations in a fully-reconfigurable fashion.We consider two architectures:the Miller architecture,which requires the singular-value decomposition,and an alternative intuitive direct-complex-matrix(DCM)architecture introduced here,which does not require a priori mathematical decomposition.As examples,we demonstrate,using system-level simulation tools,the solutions of integral and differential equations.We then expand the matrix inverting capabilities of both architectures toward evaluating the generalized Moore-Penrose matrix inversion.Therefore,we provide evidence that metadevices can implement generalized matrix inversions and act as the basis for the gradient descent method for solutions to a wide variety of problems.Finally,a general upper bound of the solution convergence time reveals the rich potential that such metadevices can offer for stationary iterative schemes.展开更多
文摘药品风险管理贯穿于药品整个生命周期,药品风险效益评估是药品上市前审评与上市后评价的核心内容,积极深入地开展药物警戒活动是提高药品监管水平保障公众用药安全有效的重要环节。国际药物警戒学会(International Society of Pharmacovigilance,ISoP)是权威、独立、非营利性的国际性学术组织,是国际范围内公开、中立分享经验和知识的专业学术平台,旨在提升全球药物警戒的科学性,促进药物警戒和风险管理技术的发展。本文介绍了其组建发展、任务和学术交流方式等内容,提出ISoP为中国药品评价及药物警戒专业人员开启了一扇了解国际药物警戒技术和风险管理策略发展前沿的窗口,值得中国药品评价、药物警戒和药品安全领域科研、学术及医疗机构、药品生产经营企业及政府监管人员的充分关注与积极参与。
基金This work was supported in part by the US Air Force Office of Scientifc Research(AFOSR)Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative(MURI)grant number FA9550-17-1-0002The authors also thank Mark Saffan for the valuable discussions on the AWR■ Microwave Office simulations.
文摘Performing analog computations with metastructures is an emerging wave-based paradigm for solving mathematical problems.For such devices,one major challenge is their reconfigurability,especially without the need for a priori mathematical computations or computationally-intensive optimization.Their equation-solving capabilities are applied only to matrices with special spectral(eigenvalue)distribution.Here we report the theory and design of wave-based metastructures using tunable elements capable of solving integral/differential equations in a fully-reconfigurable fashion.We consider two architectures:the Miller architecture,which requires the singular-value decomposition,and an alternative intuitive direct-complex-matrix(DCM)architecture introduced here,which does not require a priori mathematical decomposition.As examples,we demonstrate,using system-level simulation tools,the solutions of integral and differential equations.We then expand the matrix inverting capabilities of both architectures toward evaluating the generalized Moore-Penrose matrix inversion.Therefore,we provide evidence that metadevices can implement generalized matrix inversions and act as the basis for the gradient descent method for solutions to a wide variety of problems.Finally,a general upper bound of the solution convergence time reveals the rich potential that such metadevices can offer for stationary iterative schemes.
