BACKGROUND Several trace minerals have been shown to be associated with thyroid cancer.Democratic Republic of Congo(DRC)is deemed the most mineral-rich country globally.Data on the characteristics of thyroid nodules i...BACKGROUND Several trace minerals have been shown to be associated with thyroid cancer.Democratic Republic of Congo(DRC)is deemed the most mineral-rich country globally.Data on the characteristics of thyroid nodules in various mineral-rich regions of the DRC is scarce.AIM To analyze the differential spectrum of thyroid nodules based on locoregional variance in mineral density.METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study on 529 patients with thyroid nodules residing in Katanga,South Kivu and Kinshasa between 2005 and 2019.Of these three provinces,Katanga and South Kivu have the highest mineral density with the DRC.RESULTS Mean patient age was 44.2 years±14.6 years with a female predominance,with a female to male ratio of 5.4.The 66.5%of patients had a family history of thyroid disease.Total 74 patients had simple nodules,and the remaining 455 patients had multiple nodules.The 87.7%of patients were euthyroid.The nodules exhibited varying characteristics namely hypoechogenicity(84.5%),solid echostructure(72.2%),macronodular appearance(59.8%),calcifications(14.4%)and associated lymphadenopathy(15.5%).The 22.3%of the nodules were malignant.Factors independently associated with malignancy were older age(≥60 years)[adjusted odds ratio(aOR)=2.81],Katanga province(aOR=8.19),solid echostructure(aOR=7.69),hypoechogenicity(aOR=14.19),macronodular appearance(aOR=9.13),calcifications(aOR=2.6)and presence of lymphadenopathy(aOR=6.94).CONCLUSION Thyroid nodules emanating from the mineral-laden province of Katanga were more likely to be malignant.Early and accurate risk-stratification of patients with thyroid nodules residing in high-risk areas could be instrumental in optimizing survival in these patients.展开更多
BACKGROUND Cancer diagnosis is increasing around the world and in the Democratic Republic of the Congo(DRC).The proportion of thyroid cancer has increased over the past three decades.There are very few studies on canc...BACKGROUND Cancer diagnosis is increasing around the world and in the Democratic Republic of the Congo(DRC).The proportion of thyroid cancer has increased over the past three decades.There are very few studies on cancer epidemiology,and in particular on thyroid cancer in the DRC.AIM To establish the most recent proportion of thyroid cancer in the DRC compared to other cancers.METHODS This is a retrospective and descriptive study of 6106 consecutive cancer cases listed in the pathological registers of 4 Laboratories in the city of Kinshasa.This study included all cancer cases recorded in the registers between 2005 and 2019.RESULTS From a sample of 6106 patients,including all cancer types,68.3%cases were female and 31.7%were male.Breast and cervical cancer were the most common types of cancer in women and,prostate and skin cancer were the most common types in men.Thyroid cancer was sixth in proportion in women and eleventh in men compared to all cancers.Papillary carcinoma was the most common of thyroid cancers.Rare cancers such as anaplastic and medullary thyroid carcinomas had a proportion of 7%and 2%,respectively.CONCLUSION Newer diagnostic tools led to a surge in cancer diagnoses in the DRC.Thyroid cancer has more than doubled its proportion over the last several decades in the country.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Several trace minerals have been shown to be associated with thyroid cancer.Democratic Republic of Congo(DRC)is deemed the most mineral-rich country globally.Data on the characteristics of thyroid nodules in various mineral-rich regions of the DRC is scarce.AIM To analyze the differential spectrum of thyroid nodules based on locoregional variance in mineral density.METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study on 529 patients with thyroid nodules residing in Katanga,South Kivu and Kinshasa between 2005 and 2019.Of these three provinces,Katanga and South Kivu have the highest mineral density with the DRC.RESULTS Mean patient age was 44.2 years±14.6 years with a female predominance,with a female to male ratio of 5.4.The 66.5%of patients had a family history of thyroid disease.Total 74 patients had simple nodules,and the remaining 455 patients had multiple nodules.The 87.7%of patients were euthyroid.The nodules exhibited varying characteristics namely hypoechogenicity(84.5%),solid echostructure(72.2%),macronodular appearance(59.8%),calcifications(14.4%)and associated lymphadenopathy(15.5%).The 22.3%of the nodules were malignant.Factors independently associated with malignancy were older age(≥60 years)[adjusted odds ratio(aOR)=2.81],Katanga province(aOR=8.19),solid echostructure(aOR=7.69),hypoechogenicity(aOR=14.19),macronodular appearance(aOR=9.13),calcifications(aOR=2.6)and presence of lymphadenopathy(aOR=6.94).CONCLUSION Thyroid nodules emanating from the mineral-laden province of Katanga were more likely to be malignant.Early and accurate risk-stratification of patients with thyroid nodules residing in high-risk areas could be instrumental in optimizing survival in these patients.
文摘BACKGROUND Cancer diagnosis is increasing around the world and in the Democratic Republic of the Congo(DRC).The proportion of thyroid cancer has increased over the past three decades.There are very few studies on cancer epidemiology,and in particular on thyroid cancer in the DRC.AIM To establish the most recent proportion of thyroid cancer in the DRC compared to other cancers.METHODS This is a retrospective and descriptive study of 6106 consecutive cancer cases listed in the pathological registers of 4 Laboratories in the city of Kinshasa.This study included all cancer cases recorded in the registers between 2005 and 2019.RESULTS From a sample of 6106 patients,including all cancer types,68.3%cases were female and 31.7%were male.Breast and cervical cancer were the most common types of cancer in women and,prostate and skin cancer were the most common types in men.Thyroid cancer was sixth in proportion in women and eleventh in men compared to all cancers.Papillary carcinoma was the most common of thyroid cancers.Rare cancers such as anaplastic and medullary thyroid carcinomas had a proportion of 7%and 2%,respectively.CONCLUSION Newer diagnostic tools led to a surge in cancer diagnoses in the DRC.Thyroid cancer has more than doubled its proportion over the last several decades in the country.
