Cadmium(Cd)uptake by rice plants and its subsequent movement through food chains pose a notable risk to the health of both plants and humans.Therefore,understanding the fundamental mechanisms underlying the uptake and...Cadmium(Cd)uptake by rice plants and its subsequent movement through food chains pose a notable risk to the health of both plants and humans.Therefore,understanding the fundamental mechanisms underlying the uptake and movement process is essential.Through transcriptome analysis,we found that numerous abscisic acid(ABA)-related genes responded to Cd stress.Exogenous application of ABA significantly reduced Cd accumulation in the shoots and roots of rice plants.The increased ascorbate peroxidase(APX)enzyme activity,decreased H2O2 content,and elevated Cd tolerance index collectively suggest that ABA may mitigate the toxicity of Cd in rice plants.Further study revealed that exogenous ABA reduced Cd accumulation by regulating Cd transport and cell wall sequestration.Consistently,mutation of the ABA signaling factor OsABI5 resulted in a significant increase in Cd accumulation in shoots.Moreover,foliar spraying of ABA during the grain-filling stage significantly reduced Cd accumulation in rice grains,which was attributed mainly to decreased Cd uptake and the inhibition of Cd transportation from roots to shoots and from leaves to grains.These findings elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the ABA-mediated response to Cd stress in rice and provide a practical reference for coping with Cd pollution in farmlands.展开更多
We introduce and develop a novel approach to outlier detection based on adaptation of random subspace learning. Our proposed method handles both high-dimension low-sample size and traditional low-dimensional high-samp...We introduce and develop a novel approach to outlier detection based on adaptation of random subspace learning. Our proposed method handles both high-dimension low-sample size and traditional low-dimensional high-sample size datasets. Essentially, we avoid the computational bottleneck of techniques like Minimum Covariance Determinant (MCD) by computing the needed determinants and associated measures in much lower dimensional subspaces. Both theoretical and computational development of our approach reveal that it is computationally more efficient than the regularized methods in high-dimensional low-sample size, and often competes favorably with existing methods as far as the percentage of correct outlier detection are concerned.展开更多
CJ Health Technology Co.has been an export-oriented supplier of fitness equipment,boasting leading technology innovation and manufacturing capabilities.However,in the process of expanding into the domestic market,the ...CJ Health Technology Co.has been an export-oriented supplier of fitness equipment,boasting leading technology innovation and manufacturing capabilities.However,in the process of expanding into the domestic market,the challenges of unclear market positioning and lack of brand awareness have emerged as major obstacles.To address these issues,a SWOT analysis was conducted to explore a suitable market positioning strategy for the CJ brand.The analysis reveals that the market demand for commercial fitness equipment is relatively saturated,with fierce competition.In contrast,the home fitness market represents a new blue ocean with promising development opportunities for the CJ brand.Leveraging excellent product quality,stringent quality control measures,and innovation-driven cutting-edge technology,it is recommended that CJ brand fitness equipment target young customers aged between 25 and 35 years old.Additionally,vigorously developing the home fitness product line is proposed to capitalize on this burgeoning market segment.展开更多
Both the filling and development of grain are key processes determining agriculture production and reproductive growth in rice.The processes of grain filling and endosperm development are crucial for the accumulation ...Both the filling and development of grain are key processes determining agriculture production and reproductive growth in rice.The processes of grain filling and endosperm development are crucial for the accumulation of major storage compounds in rice grains.This requires extensive remobilization of carbon reserves from source to sink and the precise regulation of sucrose-to-starch conversion.Both the developmental sequence of the panicle and environmental signals influence the carbon flow between the leaves,leaf sheath,stem,and spikelets during grain filling.This,in turn,affects endosperm development and the production of storage compounds.In this review,we synthesize recent insight into grain development in rice,focusing on the dynamic changes in phytohormones and how their homeostasis integrates developmental and environmental cues to control grain filling in the developing panicle.We also highlight recent advances in the genetic control of carbohydrate remobilization and the transcriptional regulatory networks governing carbohydrate metabolism and grain development in rice.The asynchronous initiation and imbalance in grain filling limit the full yield potential of cereal crops.The“superior/inferior spikelets”serve as a model system for understanding the regulatory mechanisms underlying grain filling and development.Systematic research on carbohydrate flow and phytohormone crosstalk could enhance our understanding of optimizing yield production in cereal crops.Additionally,a thorough analysis of key genetic regulatory mechanisms can offer a genetic foundation and targets for precisely adjusting grain filling traits,ultimately aiding in the development of high-yield crop varieties.展开更多
Cell fate determination is a basic developmental process during the growth of multicellular organisms.Trichomes and root hairs of Arabidopsis are both readily accessible structures originating from the epidermal cells...Cell fate determination is a basic developmental process during the growth of multicellular organisms.Trichomes and root hairs of Arabidopsis are both readily accessible structures originating from the epidermal cells of the aerial tissues and roots respectively, and they serve as excellent models for understanding the molecular mechanisms controlling cell fate determination and cell morphogenesis. The regulation of trichome and root hair formationis a complex program that consists of the integration of hormonal signals with a large number of transcriptional factors, including MYB and b HLH transcriptional factors.Studies during recent years have uncovered an important role of C2H2 type zinc finger proteins in the regulation of epidermal cell fate determination. Here in this minireview we briefly summarize the involvement of C2H2 zinc finger proteins in the control of trichome and root hair formation in Arabidopsis.展开更多
Cohesin is a ring complex closed with structural maintenance of chromosome 1(SMC-1),SMC-3,and a kleisin subunit,mediating sister chromatid cohesion in mitosis and meiosis.Kleisin N-and C-terminal domains interact with...Cohesin is a ring complex closed with structural maintenance of chromosome 1(SMC-1),SMC-3,and a kleisin subunit,mediating sister chromatid cohesion in mitosis and meiosis.Kleisin N-and C-terminal domains interact with SMC-3 and SMC-1,forming two distinct cohesin gates.Whether these gates are specialized for mitosis and meiosis remains elusive.Here,we create Caenorhabditis elegans mutants that express chimeric proteins swapping N-and C-terminal domains between different kleisins to investigate how these gates are specialized for different cell division programs.Replacing the meiotic REC-8 N-terminus with that of a cell divisionunrelated kleisin COH-1 or the mitotic kleisin sister chromatid cohesion protein 1(SCC-1)disrupts inter-sister chromatid cohesion and causes severe meiotic defects.Swapping the REC-8 C-terminus with that of COH-1 or SCC-1 largely retains the meiotic functions of REC-8 but causes age-related chromosome abnormalities.A specialized C-terminus is also required for the functions of SCC-1.Furthermore,point mutations inthe REC-8C-terminus cause severe meiotic defects without impairing the SMC-1-kleisin interaction,suggesting an integrated SMC-1-kleisin gate.These findings suggest the requirements for specialized cohesin gates in different biological processes.展开更多
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U20A2024)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD2301300).
文摘Cadmium(Cd)uptake by rice plants and its subsequent movement through food chains pose a notable risk to the health of both plants and humans.Therefore,understanding the fundamental mechanisms underlying the uptake and movement process is essential.Through transcriptome analysis,we found that numerous abscisic acid(ABA)-related genes responded to Cd stress.Exogenous application of ABA significantly reduced Cd accumulation in the shoots and roots of rice plants.The increased ascorbate peroxidase(APX)enzyme activity,decreased H2O2 content,and elevated Cd tolerance index collectively suggest that ABA may mitigate the toxicity of Cd in rice plants.Further study revealed that exogenous ABA reduced Cd accumulation by regulating Cd transport and cell wall sequestration.Consistently,mutation of the ABA signaling factor OsABI5 resulted in a significant increase in Cd accumulation in shoots.Moreover,foliar spraying of ABA during the grain-filling stage significantly reduced Cd accumulation in rice grains,which was attributed mainly to decreased Cd uptake and the inhibition of Cd transportation from roots to shoots and from leaves to grains.These findings elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the ABA-mediated response to Cd stress in rice and provide a practical reference for coping with Cd pollution in farmlands.
文摘We introduce and develop a novel approach to outlier detection based on adaptation of random subspace learning. Our proposed method handles both high-dimension low-sample size and traditional low-dimensional high-sample size datasets. Essentially, we avoid the computational bottleneck of techniques like Minimum Covariance Determinant (MCD) by computing the needed determinants and associated measures in much lower dimensional subspaces. Both theoretical and computational development of our approach reveal that it is computationally more efficient than the regularized methods in high-dimensional low-sample size, and often competes favorably with existing methods as far as the percentage of correct outlier detection are concerned.
文摘CJ Health Technology Co.has been an export-oriented supplier of fitness equipment,boasting leading technology innovation and manufacturing capabilities.However,in the process of expanding into the domestic market,the challenges of unclear market positioning and lack of brand awareness have emerged as major obstacles.To address these issues,a SWOT analysis was conducted to explore a suitable market positioning strategy for the CJ brand.The analysis reveals that the market demand for commercial fitness equipment is relatively saturated,with fierce competition.In contrast,the home fitness market represents a new blue ocean with promising development opportunities for the CJ brand.Leveraging excellent product quality,stringent quality control measures,and innovation-driven cutting-edge technology,it is recommended that CJ brand fitness equipment target young customers aged between 25 and 35 years old.Additionally,vigorously developing the home fitness product line is proposed to capitalize on this burgeoning market segment.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(32301739,32171927)the General Research Fund(12105824,12103220,12101722)+1 种基金The science and technology innovation Program of Hunan Province(2024RC3182)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2025JJ70111).
文摘Both the filling and development of grain are key processes determining agriculture production and reproductive growth in rice.The processes of grain filling and endosperm development are crucial for the accumulation of major storage compounds in rice grains.This requires extensive remobilization of carbon reserves from source to sink and the precise regulation of sucrose-to-starch conversion.Both the developmental sequence of the panicle and environmental signals influence the carbon flow between the leaves,leaf sheath,stem,and spikelets during grain filling.This,in turn,affects endosperm development and the production of storage compounds.In this review,we synthesize recent insight into grain development in rice,focusing on the dynamic changes in phytohormones and how their homeostasis integrates developmental and environmental cues to control grain filling in the developing panicle.We also highlight recent advances in the genetic control of carbohydrate remobilization and the transcriptional regulatory networks governing carbohydrate metabolism and grain development in rice.The asynchronous initiation and imbalance in grain filling limit the full yield potential of cereal crops.The“superior/inferior spikelets”serve as a model system for understanding the regulatory mechanisms underlying grain filling and development.Systematic research on carbohydrate flow and phytohormone crosstalk could enhance our understanding of optimizing yield production in cereal crops.Additionally,a thorough analysis of key genetic regulatory mechanisms can offer a genetic foundation and targets for precisely adjusting grain filling traits,ultimately aiding in the development of high-yield crop varieties.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 31370215, 31228002 and 31970167)International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Project of Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province (Grant No. 2013C24007)+1 种基金Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. Z3110004)Ph.D.Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China (Grant No. 20120101110079)
文摘Cell fate determination is a basic developmental process during the growth of multicellular organisms.Trichomes and root hairs of Arabidopsis are both readily accessible structures originating from the epidermal cells of the aerial tissues and roots respectively, and they serve as excellent models for understanding the molecular mechanisms controlling cell fate determination and cell morphogenesis. The regulation of trichome and root hair formationis a complex program that consists of the integration of hormonal signals with a large number of transcriptional factors, including MYB and b HLH transcriptional factors.Studies during recent years have uncovered an important role of C2H2 type zinc finger proteins in the regulation of epidermal cell fate determination. Here in this minireview we briefly summarize the involvement of C2H2 zinc finger proteins in the control of trichome and root hair formation in Arabidopsis.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32022018 and32370780)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFA1101001)Some strains were provided by the Caenorhabditis Genetic Center(CGC),which is funded by National Institutes of Health(NIH)Office of Research Infrastructure Programs(P400D010440).
文摘Cohesin is a ring complex closed with structural maintenance of chromosome 1(SMC-1),SMC-3,and a kleisin subunit,mediating sister chromatid cohesion in mitosis and meiosis.Kleisin N-and C-terminal domains interact with SMC-3 and SMC-1,forming two distinct cohesin gates.Whether these gates are specialized for mitosis and meiosis remains elusive.Here,we create Caenorhabditis elegans mutants that express chimeric proteins swapping N-and C-terminal domains between different kleisins to investigate how these gates are specialized for different cell division programs.Replacing the meiotic REC-8 N-terminus with that of a cell divisionunrelated kleisin COH-1 or the mitotic kleisin sister chromatid cohesion protein 1(SCC-1)disrupts inter-sister chromatid cohesion and causes severe meiotic defects.Swapping the REC-8 C-terminus with that of COH-1 or SCC-1 largely retains the meiotic functions of REC-8 but causes age-related chromosome abnormalities.A specialized C-terminus is also required for the functions of SCC-1.Furthermore,point mutations inthe REC-8C-terminus cause severe meiotic defects without impairing the SMC-1-kleisin interaction,suggesting an integrated SMC-1-kleisin gate.These findings suggest the requirements for specialized cohesin gates in different biological processes.
