Dehydrogenation of propane(PDH)technology is one of the most promising on-purpose technologies to solve supply-demand unbalance of propylene.The industrial catalysts for PDH,such as Pt-and Cr-based catalysts,still hav...Dehydrogenation of propane(PDH)technology is one of the most promising on-purpose technologies to solve supply-demand unbalance of propylene.The industrial catalysts for PDH,such as Pt-and Cr-based catalysts,still have their own limitation in expensive price and security issues.Thus,a deep understanding into the structure-performance relationship of the catalysts during PDH reaction is necessary to achieve innovation in advanced high-efficient catalysts.In this review,we focused on discussion of structure-performance relationship of catalysts in PDH.Based on analysis of reaction mechanism and nature of active sites,we detailed interaction mechanism between structure of active sites and catalytic performance in metal catalysts and oxide catalysts.The relationship between coke deposition,co-feeding gas,catalytic activity and nanostructure of the catalysts are also highlighted.With these discussions on the relationship between structure and performances,we try to provide the insights into microstructure of active sites in PDH and the rational guidance for future design and development of PDH catalysts.展开更多
Self-sensing adaptability is a high-level intelligence in living creatures and is highly desired for their biomimetic soft robots for efficient interaction with the surroundings.Self-sensing adaptability can be achiev...Self-sensing adaptability is a high-level intelligence in living creatures and is highly desired for their biomimetic soft robots for efficient interaction with the surroundings.Self-sensing adaptability can be achieved in soft robots by the integration of sensors and actuators.However,current strategies simply assemble discrete sensors and actuators into one robotic system and,thus,dilute their synergistic and complementary connections,causing low-level adaptability and poor decision-making capability.Here,inspired by vertebrate animals supported by highly evolved backbones,we propose a concept of a bionic spine that integrates sensing and actuation into one shared body based on the reversible piezoelectric effect and a decoupling mechanism to extract the environmental feedback.We demonstrate that the soft robots equipped with the bionic spines feature locomotion speed improvements between 39.5%and 80%for various environmental terrains.More importantly,it can also enable the robots to accurately recognize and actively adapt to changing environments with obstacle avoidance capability by learning-based gait adjustments.We envision that the proposed bionic spine could serve as a building block for locomotive soft robots toward more intelligent machine-environment interactions in the future.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21872163,21972166)National Engineering Laboratory for Mobile Source Emission Control Technology(NELMS2017A05)+1 种基金Beijing Natural Science Foundation(2202045,2182060)PetroChina Innovation Foundation(2018D-5007-0505)
文摘Dehydrogenation of propane(PDH)technology is one of the most promising on-purpose technologies to solve supply-demand unbalance of propylene.The industrial catalysts for PDH,such as Pt-and Cr-based catalysts,still have their own limitation in expensive price and security issues.Thus,a deep understanding into the structure-performance relationship of the catalysts during PDH reaction is necessary to achieve innovation in advanced high-efficient catalysts.In this review,we focused on discussion of structure-performance relationship of catalysts in PDH.Based on analysis of reaction mechanism and nature of active sites,we detailed interaction mechanism between structure of active sites and catalytic performance in metal catalysts and oxide catalysts.The relationship between coke deposition,co-feeding gas,catalytic activity and nanostructure of the catalysts are also highlighted.With these discussions on the relationship between structure and performances,we try to provide the insights into microstructure of active sites in PDH and the rational guidance for future design and development of PDH catalysts.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,China(12102250 and 12032015)the Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan of Shanghai,China(21190760100)the Medical Engineering Interdisciplinary Research Fund for"Star of Jiao Tong University"of Shanghai Jiao Tong University,China,and the Oceanic Interdisciplinary Program of Shanghai Jiao Tong University(SL2023MS006)。
文摘Self-sensing adaptability is a high-level intelligence in living creatures and is highly desired for their biomimetic soft robots for efficient interaction with the surroundings.Self-sensing adaptability can be achieved in soft robots by the integration of sensors and actuators.However,current strategies simply assemble discrete sensors and actuators into one robotic system and,thus,dilute their synergistic and complementary connections,causing low-level adaptability and poor decision-making capability.Here,inspired by vertebrate animals supported by highly evolved backbones,we propose a concept of a bionic spine that integrates sensing and actuation into one shared body based on the reversible piezoelectric effect and a decoupling mechanism to extract the environmental feedback.We demonstrate that the soft robots equipped with the bionic spines feature locomotion speed improvements between 39.5%and 80%for various environmental terrains.More importantly,it can also enable the robots to accurately recognize and actively adapt to changing environments with obstacle avoidance capability by learning-based gait adjustments.We envision that the proposed bionic spine could serve as a building block for locomotive soft robots toward more intelligent machine-environment interactions in the future.
