Abandoned mines,especially pyrite-rich ones,release acid mine drainage(AMD)with high acidity and excessive amounts of heavy metals,threatening regional ecosystems.Six samples of mine drainage,nine samples of surface w...Abandoned mines,especially pyrite-rich ones,release acid mine drainage(AMD)with high acidity and excessive amounts of heavy metals,threatening regional ecosystems.Six samples of mine drainage,nine samples of surface water,and twelve samples of sediment were analyzed in this case study of the Dashu pyrite mine in southwest China.A comprehensive analysis of the pollution levels,pollution sources,and potential hazards of eight metals(Ni,Cd,Cu,Zn,Fe,Al,Pb,and Mn)that exceeded regulatory standardswas conducted bymonitoring 24 conventional and characteristic indicators.Ultimately,this research evaluated the environmental hazards associated with abandonedmine water using the"pressure-response"model,thereby providing valuable insights for the effective protection of the environment in mining regions.The primary pollutants in mine water were determined to be SO_(4)^(2−),Fe,and Mn,with concentrations of 7700,1450,and 6.78mg/L,respectively.A clear"source-sink"dynamic was observed between themine water and the surrounding water system.surface water was primarily polluted by Ni and Mn,while water system sediments were primarily polluted by Cu and Hg.Ion ratio and Pearson correlation analyses indicated heavy metals in surface water and sediments originated from the same AMD source.The"pressureresponse"model was used to assess the environmental hazards of water from abandoned mines.Mines W1,W2,W5,and W6 were classified as high-risk,while W3 and W4 were medium-risk.This study offers a novel approach and valuable reference for identifying and classifying environmental risks in abandoned mines and targeting AMD treatment.展开更多
Objective We aimed to understand the willingness and barriers to the acceptance of tuberculosis(TB)preventive treatment(TPT)among people with latent TB infection(LTBI)in China.Methods A multicenter cross-sectional stu...Objective We aimed to understand the willingness and barriers to the acceptance of tuberculosis(TB)preventive treatment(TPT)among people with latent TB infection(LTBI)in China.Methods A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted from May 18,2023 to December 31,2023 across 10 counties in China.According to a national technical guide,we included healthcare workers,students,teachers,and others occupations aged 15-65 years as our research participants.Results Overall,17.0%(183/1,077)of participants accepted TPT.There were statistically significant differences in the acceptance rate of TPT among different sexes,ages,educational levels,and occupations(P<0.05).The main barriers to TPT acceptance were misconceptions that it had uncertain effects on prevention(57.8%,517/894),and concerns about side effects(32.7%,292/894).Conclusion An enhanced and comprehensive understanding of LTBI and TPT among people with LTBI is vital to further expand TPT in China.Moreover,targeted policies need to be developed to address barriers faced by different groups of people.展开更多
As one of the most promising adoptive T-cell therapies,chimeric antigen receptor T-cell(CAR-T)therapy has acquired Food and Drug Administration(FDA)approval for a variety of products and has been used successfully in ...As one of the most promising adoptive T-cell therapies,chimeric antigen receptor T-cell(CAR-T)therapy has acquired Food and Drug Administration(FDA)approval for a variety of products and has been used successfully in the treatment of malignant hematological tumors.CAR-T therapy,on the other hand,faces a number of obstacles in the field of solid tumor therapy that limit its widespread clinical implementation.Significant advances in nanoparticle research in cancer therapy and immunotherapy have been made in recent years,providing novel strategies to address the challenges encountered by CAR-T therapy in the treatment of solid tumors.This review commences with a comprehensive explanation of the basic framework of CAR-T therapy as well as the challenges it faces in the treatment of solid tumors.Subsequently,we encapsulate a summary of the developmental research combining nanoparticles with CAR-T cells for the treatment of solid tumors,which includes gene transfection,cell activation and expansion,targeted infiltration,immune escape inhibition,and combination with other therapies.Coupled with the overview of the research progress,a discussion has been initiated on the challenges and perspectives of CAR-T based on nanoparticles.展开更多
Graph learning,when used as a semi-supervised learning(SSL)method,performs well for classification tasks with a low label rate.We provide a graph-based batch active learning pipeline for pixel/patch neighborhood multi...Graph learning,when used as a semi-supervised learning(SSL)method,performs well for classification tasks with a low label rate.We provide a graph-based batch active learning pipeline for pixel/patch neighborhood multi-or hyperspectral image segmentation.Our batch active learning approach selects a collection of unlabeled pixels that satisfy a graph local maximum constraint for the active learning acquisition function that determines the relative importance of each pixel to the classification.This work builds on recent advances in the design of novel active learning acquisition functions(e.g.,the Model Change approach in arXiv:2110.07739)while adding important further developments including patch-neighborhood image analysis and batch active learning methods to further increase the accuracy and greatly increase the computational efficiency of these methods.In addition to improvements in the accuracy,our approach can greatly reduce the number of labeled pixels needed to achieve the same level of the accuracy based on randomly selected labeled pixels.展开更多
Parallel multi-thread processing in advanced intelligent processors is the core to realize high-speed and high-capacity signal processing systems.Optical neural network(ONN)has the native advantages of high paralleliz...Parallel multi-thread processing in advanced intelligent processors is the core to realize high-speed and high-capacity signal processing systems.Optical neural network(ONN)has the native advantages of high parallelization,large bandwidth,and low power consumption to meet the demand of big data.Here,we demonstrate the dual-layer ONN with Mach-Zehnder interferometer(MZI)network and nonlinear layer,while the nonlinear activation function is achieved by optical-electronic signal conversion.Two frequency components from the microcomb source carrying digit datasets are simultaneously imposed and intelligently recognized through the ONN.We successfully achieve the digit classification of different frequency components by demultiplexing the output signal and testing power distribution.Efficient parallelization feasibility with wavelength division multiplexing is demonstrated in our high-dimensional ONN.This work provides a high-performance architecture for future parallel high-capacity optical analog computing.展开更多
Excellent comprehensive mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of TiZrNb equiatomic ratio medium-entropy alloy were obtained through recrystallization and spinodal decomposition.In addition to solid solution s...Excellent comprehensive mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of TiZrNb equiatomic ratio medium-entropy alloy were obtained through recrystallization and spinodal decomposition.In addition to solid solution strengthening and recrystallization,the excellent mechanical properties can also be attributed to the hindering effect of nanoprecipitation formed via spinodal decomposition on the movement of dislocations.The high atomic arrangement density due to spinodal decomposition reduces the surface energy of the alloy passivation film,thereby increasing the activation energy of dissolution and the bonding energy between atoms,which improve the corrosion resistance and stability of the alloy passivation film.This work provides a new strategy to control the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance by combining recrystallization and spinodal decomposition.展开更多
In order to expand the application horizon of Ti-Zr based alloys,the influence of Nb content on phase composition,microstructural evolution and biomechanical properties is systematically studied.The phase and microstr...In order to expand the application horizon of Ti-Zr based alloys,the influence of Nb content on phase composition,microstructural evolution and biomechanical properties is systematically studied.The phase and microstructural characterization of the as-cast alloys is carried out by X-ray diffraction,optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.The results reveal that Nb-containing Ti-Zr alloys transformed from single a phase→α+α"+β phase single β phase double β phases with increasing Nb content.In the case of β-type alloys,the addition of Nb improves the bonding energy between atoms,reduces the grain size,increases the elastic modulus,improves the yield strength and renders superior work-hardening behavior.Moreover,the current study provides mechanistic insights into microstructural evolution and strengthening of Nb-containing Ti-Zr alloys with increasing Nb content.Herein,the addition of 5 at.% Nb resulted in an abnormal work hardening during compression deformation under the synergistic influence of stress-induced martensite transformation of β phase and stress-induced twinning of α phase.Moreover,the biomechanical properties are evaluated to demonstrate the potential of Nb-containing Ti-Zr alloys in biological applications.展开更多
Mode-locked microcombs with flat spectral profiles provide the high signal-to-noise ratio and are in high demand for wavelength division multiplexing(WDM)-based applications,particularly in future high-capacity commun...Mode-locked microcombs with flat spectral profiles provide the high signal-to-noise ratio and are in high demand for wavelength division multiplexing(WDM)-based applications,particularly in future high-capacity communication and parallel optical computing.Here,we present two solutions to generate local relatively flat spectral profiles.One microcavity with ultra-flat integrated dispersion is pumped to generate one relatively flat single soliton source spanning over 150 nm.Besides,one extraordinary soliton crystal with single vacancy demonstrates the local relatively flat microcomb lines when the inner soliton spacings are slightly irregular.Our work paves a new way for soliton-based applications owing to the relatively flat spectral characteristics.展开更多
Approximately 80%of primary tumors in the central nervous system are malignant glioma,and>50%of those are diagnosed as glioblastoma(GBM),the most aggressive glioma.Despite treatment advances,GBM prognosis is unsati...Approximately 80%of primary tumors in the central nervous system are malignant glioma,and>50%of those are diagnosed as glioblastoma(GBM),the most aggressive glioma.Despite treatment advances,GBM prognosis is unsatisfying,and the median survival time of patients is only 14-17 months.展开更多
With the development of conformable photonic platforms,particularly those that could be interfaced with the human body or integrated into wearable technology,there is an ever-increasing need for mechanically flexible ...With the development of conformable photonic platforms,particularly those that could be interfaced with the human body or integrated into wearable technology,there is an ever-increasing need for mechanically flexible optical photonic elements in soft materials.Here,we realize mechanically flexible liquid crystal(LC)waveguides using a combination of ultrafast direct laser writing and ultraviolet(UV)photo-polymerization.Results are presented that demonstrate that these laser-written waveguides can be either electrically switchable(by omitting the bulk UV polymerization step)or mechanically flexible.Characteristics of the waveguide are investigated for different fabrication conditions and geometrical configurations,including the dimensions of the waveguide and laser writing power.Our findings reveal that smaller waveguide geometries result in reduced intensity attenuation.Specifically,for a 10-μm-wide laser-written channel in a 14-μm-thick LC layer,a loss factor of-1.8 dB/mm atλ=650 nm was observed.Following the UV polymerization step and subsequent delamination of the glass substrates,we demonstrate a free-standing flexible LC waveguide,which retains waveguide functionality even when bent,making it potentially suitable for on-skin sensors and other photonic devices that could interface with the human body.For the flexible LC waveguides fabricated in this study,the loss in a straight waveguide with a cross-sectional area of 20μm×20μm was recorded to be-0.2 dB/mm.These results highlight the promising potential of electrically responsive and mechanically moldable optical waveguides using laser writing and UV-assisted polymer network formation.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFC3710000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42277078 and 42307118).
文摘Abandoned mines,especially pyrite-rich ones,release acid mine drainage(AMD)with high acidity and excessive amounts of heavy metals,threatening regional ecosystems.Six samples of mine drainage,nine samples of surface water,and twelve samples of sediment were analyzed in this case study of the Dashu pyrite mine in southwest China.A comprehensive analysis of the pollution levels,pollution sources,and potential hazards of eight metals(Ni,Cd,Cu,Zn,Fe,Al,Pb,and Mn)that exceeded regulatory standardswas conducted bymonitoring 24 conventional and characteristic indicators.Ultimately,this research evaluated the environmental hazards associated with abandonedmine water using the"pressure-response"model,thereby providing valuable insights for the effective protection of the environment in mining regions.The primary pollutants in mine water were determined to be SO_(4)^(2−),Fe,and Mn,with concentrations of 7700,1450,and 6.78mg/L,respectively.A clear"source-sink"dynamic was observed between themine water and the surrounding water system.surface water was primarily polluted by Ni and Mn,while water system sediments were primarily polluted by Cu and Hg.Ion ratio and Pearson correlation analyses indicated heavy metals in surface water and sediments originated from the same AMD source.The"pressureresponse"model was used to assess the environmental hazards of water from abandoned mines.Mines W1,W2,W5,and W6 were classified as high-risk,while W3 and W4 were medium-risk.This study offers a novel approach and valuable reference for identifying and classifying environmental risks in abandoned mines and targeting AMD treatment.
基金Public-Benefit Project on Tuberculosis Patient Care Action[09107].
文摘Objective We aimed to understand the willingness and barriers to the acceptance of tuberculosis(TB)preventive treatment(TPT)among people with latent TB infection(LTBI)in China.Methods A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted from May 18,2023 to December 31,2023 across 10 counties in China.According to a national technical guide,we included healthcare workers,students,teachers,and others occupations aged 15-65 years as our research participants.Results Overall,17.0%(183/1,077)of participants accepted TPT.There were statistically significant differences in the acceptance rate of TPT among different sexes,ages,educational levels,and occupations(P<0.05).The main barriers to TPT acceptance were misconceptions that it had uncertain effects on prevention(57.8%,517/894),and concerns about side effects(32.7%,292/894).Conclusion An enhanced and comprehensive understanding of LTBI and TPT among people with LTBI is vital to further expand TPT in China.Moreover,targeted policies need to be developed to address barriers faced by different groups of people.
基金supported by Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS)(No.2021-I2M-1-026,China)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82104106,82073778)。
文摘As one of the most promising adoptive T-cell therapies,chimeric antigen receptor T-cell(CAR-T)therapy has acquired Food and Drug Administration(FDA)approval for a variety of products and has been used successfully in the treatment of malignant hematological tumors.CAR-T therapy,on the other hand,faces a number of obstacles in the field of solid tumor therapy that limit its widespread clinical implementation.Significant advances in nanoparticle research in cancer therapy and immunotherapy have been made in recent years,providing novel strategies to address the challenges encountered by CAR-T therapy in the treatment of solid tumors.This review commences with a comprehensive explanation of the basic framework of CAR-T therapy as well as the challenges it faces in the treatment of solid tumors.Subsequently,we encapsulate a summary of the developmental research combining nanoparticles with CAR-T cells for the treatment of solid tumors,which includes gene transfection,cell activation and expansion,targeted infiltration,immune escape inhibition,and combination with other therapies.Coupled with the overview of the research progress,a discussion has been initiated on the challenges and perspectives of CAR-T based on nanoparticles.
基金supported by the UC-National Lab In-Residence Graduate Fellowship Grant L21GF3606supported by a DOD National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate(NDSEG)Research Fellowship+1 种基金supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program of Los Alamos National Laboratory under project numbers 20170668PRD1 and 20210213ERsupported by the NGA under Contract No.HM04762110003.
文摘Graph learning,when used as a semi-supervised learning(SSL)method,performs well for classification tasks with a low label rate.We provide a graph-based batch active learning pipeline for pixel/patch neighborhood multi-or hyperspectral image segmentation.Our batch active learning approach selects a collection of unlabeled pixels that satisfy a graph local maximum constraint for the active learning acquisition function that determines the relative importance of each pixel to the classification.This work builds on recent advances in the design of novel active learning acquisition functions(e.g.,the Model Change approach in arXiv:2110.07739)while adding important further developments including patch-neighborhood image analysis and batch active learning methods to further increase the accuracy and greatly increase the computational efficiency of these methods.In addition to improvements in the accuracy,our approach can greatly reduce the number of labeled pixels needed to achieve the same level of the accuracy based on randomly selected labeled pixels.
基金Peng Xie acknowledges the support from the China Scholarship Council(Grant no.201804910829).
文摘Parallel multi-thread processing in advanced intelligent processors is the core to realize high-speed and high-capacity signal processing systems.Optical neural network(ONN)has the native advantages of high parallelization,large bandwidth,and low power consumption to meet the demand of big data.Here,we demonstrate the dual-layer ONN with Mach-Zehnder interferometer(MZI)network and nonlinear layer,while the nonlinear activation function is achieved by optical-electronic signal conversion.Two frequency components from the microcomb source carrying digit datasets are simultaneously imposed and intelligently recognized through the ONN.We successfully achieve the digit classification of different frequency components by demultiplexing the output signal and testing power distribution.Efficient parallelization feasibility with wavelength division multiplexing is demonstrated in our high-dimensional ONN.This work provides a high-performance architecture for future parallel high-capacity optical analog computing.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFA0703602)the Hebei Provincial Department of Education Funding Project for Cultivating Innovative Ability of Graduate Students(No.CXZZBS2021130)the Beijing Postdoctoral Research Foundation(No.2021-ZZ-075)。
文摘Excellent comprehensive mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of TiZrNb equiatomic ratio medium-entropy alloy were obtained through recrystallization and spinodal decomposition.In addition to solid solution strengthening and recrystallization,the excellent mechanical properties can also be attributed to the hindering effect of nanoprecipitation formed via spinodal decomposition on the movement of dislocations.The high atomic arrangement density due to spinodal decomposition reduces the surface energy of the alloy passivation film,thereby increasing the activation energy of dissolution and the bonding energy between atoms,which improve the corrosion resistance and stability of the alloy passivation film.This work provides a new strategy to control the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance by combining recrystallization and spinodal decomposition.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant no.51531005/51827801/51671166)。
文摘In order to expand the application horizon of Ti-Zr based alloys,the influence of Nb content on phase composition,microstructural evolution and biomechanical properties is systematically studied.The phase and microstructural characterization of the as-cast alloys is carried out by X-ray diffraction,optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.The results reveal that Nb-containing Ti-Zr alloys transformed from single a phase→α+α"+β phase single β phase double β phases with increasing Nb content.In the case of β-type alloys,the addition of Nb improves the bonding energy between atoms,reduces the grain size,increases the elastic modulus,improves the yield strength and renders superior work-hardening behavior.Moreover,the current study provides mechanistic insights into microstructural evolution and strengthening of Nb-containing Ti-Zr alloys with increasing Nb content.Herein,the addition of 5 at.% Nb resulted in an abnormal work hardening during compression deformation under the synergistic influence of stress-induced martensite transformation of β phase and stress-induced twinning of α phase.Moreover,the biomechanical properties are evaluated to demonstrate the potential of Nb-containing Ti-Zr alloys in biological applications.
基金funding support from Dream X International Innovation Teamthe support from the startup grant from Nanyang Technological University (022527-00001)。
文摘Mode-locked microcombs with flat spectral profiles provide the high signal-to-noise ratio and are in high demand for wavelength division multiplexing(WDM)-based applications,particularly in future high-capacity communication and parallel optical computing.Here,we present two solutions to generate local relatively flat spectral profiles.One microcavity with ultra-flat integrated dispersion is pumped to generate one relatively flat single soliton source spanning over 150 nm.Besides,one extraordinary soliton crystal with single vacancy demonstrates the local relatively flat microcomb lines when the inner soliton spacings are slightly irregular.Our work paves a new way for soliton-based applications owing to the relatively flat spectral characteristics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31701129,31530027,and 81772687)the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City of China(20JCQNJC01880,18JCQNJC10100,and 18JCQNJC09800)+1 种基金National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFA0102600)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Nankai University(63201087)。
文摘Approximately 80%of primary tumors in the central nervous system are malignant glioma,and>50%of those are diagnosed as glioblastoma(GBM),the most aggressive glioma.Despite treatment advances,GBM prognosis is unsatisfying,and the median survival time of patients is only 14-17 months.
基金funded in whole,or in part,by the UKRI(EP/R004803/01,P.S.S.,EP/R511742/1,S.M.M.,S.J.E.,and M.J.B.)。
文摘With the development of conformable photonic platforms,particularly those that could be interfaced with the human body or integrated into wearable technology,there is an ever-increasing need for mechanically flexible optical photonic elements in soft materials.Here,we realize mechanically flexible liquid crystal(LC)waveguides using a combination of ultrafast direct laser writing and ultraviolet(UV)photo-polymerization.Results are presented that demonstrate that these laser-written waveguides can be either electrically switchable(by omitting the bulk UV polymerization step)or mechanically flexible.Characteristics of the waveguide are investigated for different fabrication conditions and geometrical configurations,including the dimensions of the waveguide and laser writing power.Our findings reveal that smaller waveguide geometries result in reduced intensity attenuation.Specifically,for a 10-μm-wide laser-written channel in a 14-μm-thick LC layer,a loss factor of-1.8 dB/mm atλ=650 nm was observed.Following the UV polymerization step and subsequent delamination of the glass substrates,we demonstrate a free-standing flexible LC waveguide,which retains waveguide functionality even when bent,making it potentially suitable for on-skin sensors and other photonic devices that could interface with the human body.For the flexible LC waveguides fabricated in this study,the loss in a straight waveguide with a cross-sectional area of 20μm×20μm was recorded to be-0.2 dB/mm.These results highlight the promising potential of electrically responsive and mechanically moldable optical waveguides using laser writing and UV-assisted polymer network formation.
