Lop Nur is located at the eastmost end of the Tarim Basin in Xinjiang,Northwestern China.This study reviews the hydrochemical characteristics and evolution of underground brine in Lop Nur,based on analytical data from...Lop Nur is located at the eastmost end of the Tarim Basin in Xinjiang,Northwestern China.This study reviews the hydrochemical characteristics and evolution of underground brine in Lop Nur,based on analytical data from 429 water samples(mainly brine).It is found that in the NE-SW direction,from the periphery to the Luobei sub-depression,while the hydrochemical type varies from the sodium sulfate subtype(S)to the magnesium sulfate subtype(M),the corresponding brine in the phase diagram transfers from the thenardite phase(Then)area,through the bloedite phase(Blo),epsomite phase(Eps),picromerite phase(Picro),finally reaching the sylvite phase(Syl)area.As for the degree of evolution,the sequence is the periphery<Luobei horizontally and the overlying glauberite brine<the underlying clastic brine vertically.It is concluded that the oxygen and hydrogen isotopic compositions of the brine have evidently been affected through the effects of evaporation and altitude,as well as the changes in local water circulation in recent years.Boron and chloride isotopic compositions show that the glauberite brine is formed under more arid conditions than the clastic one.The strontium isotopic composition indicates that the Lop Nur brine primarily originates from surface water;however,deep recharge may also be involved in the evolution of the brine,according to previous noble gas studies.It is confirmed that the brine in Lop Nur has become enriched with potassium prior to halite precipitation over the full course of the salt lake's evolution.Based on chemical compositions of brine from drillhole LDK01 and previous lithological studies,the evolution of the salt lake can be divided into three stages and it is inferred that the brine in Lop Nur may have undergone at least two significant concentration-dilution periods.展开更多
The tremendous success of mRNA vaccine during the COVID-19 pandemic has captured attention globally and highlighted the transformative potential of mRNA technology in addressing infectious diseases[1].In comparison to...The tremendous success of mRNA vaccine during the COVID-19 pandemic has captured attention globally and highlighted the transformative potential of mRNA technology in addressing infectious diseases[1].In comparison to conventional protein antibody-based therapies,the delivery of mRNA-encoding antibod-ies presents a cost-effective and versatile approach with several advantages.These include eliminating the laborious process of in vitro protein expression,enabling flexible manufacturing processes,and eliciting rapid therapeutic responses[2-4].However,the clinical application of mRNA-encoded antibodies for infectious diseases remains limited to date,only one such construct-mRNA-1944-has been assessed in non-human primates and approved for phase I clinical trial[5,6].Several challenges hampered the broader clinical application of mRNA-encoded antibody therapies,including the requirement for higher dosages for intravenous administration,limited pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetics data,as well as the lack of safety and efficacy profiles in non-human primates[7].展开更多
The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic increased the burden on many healthcare systems and in the process,exposed the need for medical resources and physical space.While few studies discussed the efficient uti...The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic increased the burden on many healthcare systems and in the process,exposed the need for medical resources and physical space.While few studies discussed the efficient utilization of medical resources and physical space so far.Therefore,this study aimed to summarize experiences related to facilities used for centralized isolation for medical observation and treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic in China and to provide suggestions to further improve the management of confirmed cases,suspected cases,and close contacts.In China,three types of facilities for centralized isolation(Fangcang shelter hospitals,refitted non-designated hospitals,and quarantine hotels)underwent retrofitting for the treatment and isolation of confirmed and suspected cases.These facilities mitigated the immediate high demand for space.Moreover,in order to minimize infection risks in these facilities,regulators and governmental agencies implemented new designs,management measures,and precautionary measures to minimize infection risk.Other countries and regions could refer to China’s experience in optimally allocating social resources in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.As a conclusion,government should allocate social resources and construct centralized isolation and quarantine facilities for an emergency response,health authorities should issue regulations for centralized isolation facilities and pay strict attention to the daily management of these facilities,a multidisciplinary administration team is required to support the daily operation of a centralized isolation facility,in-depth studies and international collaboration on the centralized isolation policy are encouraged.展开更多
In China,the strategic resource potash is suffering from severe shortages,and the ancient marine solid potash locating is still a problem of long impregnability.Till now,only the Mengyejing Potash Deposit was found
The Orthopoxvirus genus,especially variola virus(VARV),monkeypox virus(MPXV),remains a significant public health threat worldwide.The development of therapeutic antibodies against orthopoxviruses is largely hampered b...The Orthopoxvirus genus,especially variola virus(VARV),monkeypox virus(MPXV),remains a significant public health threat worldwide.The development of therapeutic antibodies against orthopoxviruses is largely hampered by the high cost of antibody engineering and manufacturing processes.mRNA-encoded antibodies have emerged as a powerful and universal platform for rapid antibody production.Herein,by using the established lipid nanoparticle(LNP)-encapsulated mRNA platform,we constructed four mRNA combinations that encode monoclonal antibodies with broad neutralization activities against orthopoxviruses.In vivo characterization demonstrated that a single intravenous injection of each LNP-encapsulated mRNA antibody in mice resulted in the rapid production of neutralizing antibodies.More importantly,mRNA antibody treatments showed significant protection from weight loss and mortality in the vaccinia virus(VACV)lethal challenge mouse model,and a unique mRNA antibody cocktail,Mix2a,exhibited superior in vivo protection by targeting both intracellular mature virus(IMV)-form and extracellular enveloped virus(EEV)-form viruses.In summary,our results demonstrate the proof-of-concept production of orthopoxvirus antibodies via the LNP-mRNA platform,highlighting the great potential of tailored mRNA antibody combinations as a universal strategy to combat orthopoxvirus as well as otheremerging viruses.展开更多
Messenger RNA(mRNA)vaccine technology has shown its power in preventing the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.Two mRNA vaccines targeting the full-length S protein of SARS-CoV-2 have been authorized for emergency use.Recently...Messenger RNA(mRNA)vaccine technology has shown its power in preventing the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.Two mRNA vaccines targeting the full-length S protein of SARS-CoV-2 have been authorized for emergency use.Recently,we have developed a lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated mRNA(mRNA-LNP)encoding the receptor-binding domain(RBD)of SARS-CoV-2(termed ARCoV),which confers complete protection in mouse model.Herein,we further characterized the protection efficacy of ARCoV in nonhuman primates and the Iong-term stability under normal refrigerator temperature.Intramuscular immunization of two doses of ARCoV elicited robust neutralizing antibodies as well as cellular response against SARS-CoV-2 in cynomolgus macaques.More importantly,ARCoV vaccination in macaques significantly protected animals from acute lung lesions caused by SARS-CoV-2,and viral replication in lungs and secretion in nasal swabs were completely cleared in all animals immunized with low or high doses of ARCoV.No evidenee of antibody-dependent enhancement of infection was observed throughout the study.Finally,extensive stability assays showed that ARCoV can be stored at 2-8℃ for at least 6 months without decrease of immunogenicity.All these promising results strongly support the ongoing clinical trial.展开更多
基金The Major Projects of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China(Grant Nos.2020A03005-2 and 2022A03009-2)from the Chinese governmentthe National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.40830420)provided the funding for this study。
文摘Lop Nur is located at the eastmost end of the Tarim Basin in Xinjiang,Northwestern China.This study reviews the hydrochemical characteristics and evolution of underground brine in Lop Nur,based on analytical data from 429 water samples(mainly brine).It is found that in the NE-SW direction,from the periphery to the Luobei sub-depression,while the hydrochemical type varies from the sodium sulfate subtype(S)to the magnesium sulfate subtype(M),the corresponding brine in the phase diagram transfers from the thenardite phase(Then)area,through the bloedite phase(Blo),epsomite phase(Eps),picromerite phase(Picro),finally reaching the sylvite phase(Syl)area.As for the degree of evolution,the sequence is the periphery<Luobei horizontally and the overlying glauberite brine<the underlying clastic brine vertically.It is concluded that the oxygen and hydrogen isotopic compositions of the brine have evidently been affected through the effects of evaporation and altitude,as well as the changes in local water circulation in recent years.Boron and chloride isotopic compositions show that the glauberite brine is formed under more arid conditions than the clastic one.The strontium isotopic composition indicates that the Lop Nur brine primarily originates from surface water;however,deep recharge may also be involved in the evolution of the brine,according to previous noble gas studies.It is confirmed that the brine in Lop Nur has become enriched with potassium prior to halite precipitation over the full course of the salt lake's evolution.Based on chemical compositions of brine from drillhole LDK01 and previous lithological studies,the evolution of the salt lake can be divided into three stages and it is inferred that the brine in Lop Nur may have undergone at least two significant concentration-dilution periods.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of China(2022YFC2304100 and 2021YFC2302400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82371833,82350801,and 82222041)+1 种基金Cheng-Feng Qin was supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(81925025)the Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2019-I2M-5-049)from the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences.
文摘The tremendous success of mRNA vaccine during the COVID-19 pandemic has captured attention globally and highlighted the transformative potential of mRNA technology in addressing infectious diseases[1].In comparison to conventional protein antibody-based therapies,the delivery of mRNA-encoding antibod-ies presents a cost-effective and versatile approach with several advantages.These include eliminating the laborious process of in vitro protein expression,enabling flexible manufacturing processes,and eliciting rapid therapeutic responses[2-4].However,the clinical application of mRNA-encoded antibodies for infectious diseases remains limited to date,only one such construct-mRNA-1944-has been assessed in non-human primates and approved for phase I clinical trial[5,6].Several challenges hampered the broader clinical application of mRNA-encoded antibody therapies,including the requirement for higher dosages for intravenous administration,limited pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetics data,as well as the lack of safety and efficacy profiles in non-human primates[7].
文摘The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic increased the burden on many healthcare systems and in the process,exposed the need for medical resources and physical space.While few studies discussed the efficient utilization of medical resources and physical space so far.Therefore,this study aimed to summarize experiences related to facilities used for centralized isolation for medical observation and treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic in China and to provide suggestions to further improve the management of confirmed cases,suspected cases,and close contacts.In China,three types of facilities for centralized isolation(Fangcang shelter hospitals,refitted non-designated hospitals,and quarantine hotels)underwent retrofitting for the treatment and isolation of confirmed and suspected cases.These facilities mitigated the immediate high demand for space.Moreover,in order to minimize infection risks in these facilities,regulators and governmental agencies implemented new designs,management measures,and precautionary measures to minimize infection risk.Other countries and regions could refer to China’s experience in optimally allocating social resources in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.As a conclusion,government should allocate social resources and construct centralized isolation and quarantine facilities for an emergency response,health authorities should issue regulations for centralized isolation facilities and pay strict attention to the daily management of these facilities,a multidisciplinary administration team is required to support the daily operation of a centralized isolation facility,in-depth studies and international collaboration on the centralized isolation policy are encouraged.
文摘In China,the strategic resource potash is suffering from severe shortages,and the ancient marine solid potash locating is still a problem of long impregnability.Till now,only the Mengyejing Potash Deposit was found
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.82241069,and 82350801)to C.F.Q.the National Key Research and Development Project of China (2021YFC2302400)to C.F.Q.+2 种基金the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province (2022B1111020002).C.F.Q.supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (81925025)the Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (2019-12M-5-049)from the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences.
文摘The Orthopoxvirus genus,especially variola virus(VARV),monkeypox virus(MPXV),remains a significant public health threat worldwide.The development of therapeutic antibodies against orthopoxviruses is largely hampered by the high cost of antibody engineering and manufacturing processes.mRNA-encoded antibodies have emerged as a powerful and universal platform for rapid antibody production.Herein,by using the established lipid nanoparticle(LNP)-encapsulated mRNA platform,we constructed four mRNA combinations that encode monoclonal antibodies with broad neutralization activities against orthopoxviruses.In vivo characterization demonstrated that a single intravenous injection of each LNP-encapsulated mRNA antibody in mice resulted in the rapid production of neutralizing antibodies.More importantly,mRNA antibody treatments showed significant protection from weight loss and mortality in the vaccinia virus(VACV)lethal challenge mouse model,and a unique mRNA antibody cocktail,Mix2a,exhibited superior in vivo protection by targeting both intracellular mature virus(IMV)-form and extracellular enveloped virus(EEV)-form viruses.In summary,our results demonstrate the proof-of-concept production of orthopoxvirus antibodies via the LNP-mRNA platform,highlighting the great potential of tailored mRNA antibody combinations as a universal strategy to combat orthopoxvirus as well as otheremerging viruses.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of China(2020YFC0842200,2020YFA0707801,and 2021YFC0863300)the National Natural Science Foundation(Nos.82041044 and 32130005)+2 种基金Cheng-Feng Qin was supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(81925025)the Innovative Research Group(81621005)from the NSFCthe Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2019-I2M-5-049)from the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences.
文摘Messenger RNA(mRNA)vaccine technology has shown its power in preventing the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.Two mRNA vaccines targeting the full-length S protein of SARS-CoV-2 have been authorized for emergency use.Recently,we have developed a lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated mRNA(mRNA-LNP)encoding the receptor-binding domain(RBD)of SARS-CoV-2(termed ARCoV),which confers complete protection in mouse model.Herein,we further characterized the protection efficacy of ARCoV in nonhuman primates and the Iong-term stability under normal refrigerator temperature.Intramuscular immunization of two doses of ARCoV elicited robust neutralizing antibodies as well as cellular response against SARS-CoV-2 in cynomolgus macaques.More importantly,ARCoV vaccination in macaques significantly protected animals from acute lung lesions caused by SARS-CoV-2,and viral replication in lungs and secretion in nasal swabs were completely cleared in all animals immunized with low or high doses of ARCoV.No evidenee of antibody-dependent enhancement of infection was observed throughout the study.Finally,extensive stability assays showed that ARCoV can be stored at 2-8℃ for at least 6 months without decrease of immunogenicity.All these promising results strongly support the ongoing clinical trial.
