In the original publication,incorrect version of Corresponding authors has been published.You-Yuan Huang and Bo Wang should be corresponding authors.The corrected Correspondingg authors are provided in this correction.
Ceratocystis fimbriata is a hazardous fungal pathogen that causes black rot disease in sweet potato roots,leading to devastating losses during sweet potato growth and storage.All methods for managing C.fimbriata on sw...Ceratocystis fimbriata is a hazardous fungal pathogen that causes black rot disease in sweet potato roots,leading to devastating losses during sweet potato growth and storage.All methods for managing C.fimbriata on sweet potato based on synthetic fungicides,biocontrol agents,coatings,and natural compounds are reviewed for the first time.The advantages and disadvantages of the different methods are discussed,and their efficacies are compared.Bacillus strains and the synthetic fungicides carbendazim,flutriafol,liguoling,Stadium?,thiabendazole,and thiophanate methyl show the strongest inhibitory effects.Bacillus strains possess an advantage over synthetic fungicides due to the detrimental impact of the latter on human health.The application of filamentous fungi and yeasts as biocontrol agents for C.fimbriata management has not yet been investigated.Coatings exhibit limited protection,and no attempts have been made to combine coatings with nanoparticles or essential oils.Although the natural compounds perillaldehyde and nerol are inexpensive and non-toxic,they are of low efficacy.All management strategies have been used on postharvest sweet potato roots and leaves.However,there is no approach to controlling C.fimbriata in roots during plant growth.Even though several methods for controlling C.fimbriata on sweet potato have been reported in recent years,numerous knowledge gaps impede the development of effective and safe approaches.展开更多
In the rice–rapeseed cropping system in the Yangtze River Basin,late rapeseed sowing increases lodging.To identify the mechanisms of reduced lodging resistance,a two-year field experiment compared four rapeseed culti...In the rice–rapeseed cropping system in the Yangtze River Basin,late rapeseed sowing increases lodging.To identify the mechanisms of reduced lodging resistance,a two-year field experiment compared four rapeseed cultivars with differing lodging resistances under normal and late sowing.Rapid stem elongation during bolting in late-sown rapeseed reduced stem plumpness,vascular bundle development,and lignin accumulation,weakening lodging resistance.Slowing stem elongation and promoting vascular bundle formation and lignin synthesis could increase lodging resistance in late-sown rapeseed.展开更多
Coal is an essential component of global energy;however,the processes of coal mining and utilization produce significant amounts of coal mine goafs,accompanied by coal-based solid wastes and emitted CO_(2),resulting i...Coal is an essential component of global energy;however,the processes of coal mining and utilization produce significant amounts of coal mine goafs,accompanied by coal-based solid wastes and emitted CO_(2),resulting in severe ecological and environmental challenges.In response to this issue,this study pro-poses a novel approach for filling coal mine goafs using cementitious materials prepared by coal-based solid wastes mineralized with CO_(2)(15%in concentration).The CO_(2) sequestration capacities of individual solid wastes are ranked as follows:carbide slag(CS)>red mud(RM)>fly ash(FA).The performance of filling material prepared from composite solid waste(FA-CS-RM)mineralized with CO_(2) meets the filling requirements of goaf.The filling material(F60C20R20)obtained by CO_(2) mineralization was 14.9 MPa in maximum compressive strength,increasing by 32.2%compared to the non-mineralized material.The prepared filling material exhibits excellent CO_(2) sequestration capacity(i.e.,14.4 kg·t^(−1) in maximum amount of CO_(2) sequestration).According to the analysis of carbon sequestration potential,in China,the annual production of FA,CS,and RM is approximately 899,30,and 107 Mt,respectively in the year of 2023.The utilization of FA,CS,and RM individually can achieve carbon emission reductions of 3.42,10.78,and 0.61 Mt,respectively.The composite solid waste(FA-CS-RM)mineralized with CO_(2) can achieve 1.23 Mt in carbon emissions reduction.Additionally,taking Yellow River Basin of China as a case study,the total volume of underground space in coal mine goafs from 2016 to 2030 is estimated at 8.16 Gm3,indicating that this technology can sequester 0.18 Gt of CO_(2).This approach offers a promising solution for large-scale flue gas CO_(2) sequestration,recycling coal-based solid wastes,and remediating coal mine goafs,contributing to green utilization of coal and the emission reduction of carbon.展开更多
The active cooling technology of endothermic hydrocarbon fuels is a key way to solve the thermal protection of high-speed aircraft engines,but the condensation coking problem during engine shutdown is a bottleneck tha...The active cooling technology of endothermic hydrocarbon fuels is a key way to solve the thermal protection of high-speed aircraft engines,but the condensation coking problem during engine shutdown is a bottleneck that affects the reusability of aircraft.In this study,a self-designed apparatus was used to separately analyze the condensation coking during the fuel cooling process,and the coking characteristics under different temperature conditions were obtained.The condensation coking mechanism of fuel during cooling process was proposed based on the changes in physical properties of coking precursors obtained by the group contribution method.When the temperature drops to 300℃,not only the gas yield and conversion increase to 71.42% and 89.75% respectively,but the coke mass on the inner surface of the tube also significantly increases from 0.39 to 1.92 mg.Meanwhile,as the temperature further decreases,the morphology of coke gradually transforms into amorphous carbon with a higher degree of graphitization.During the cooling process,due to the liquefaction of coking precursors,their physical properties such as viscosity,density,and saturated vapor pressure undergo sudden changes at 300°C,leading to enhanced intermolecular physical interactions and promoting the physical aggregation of coking precursor molecules,which are deposited on the inner wall of the tube.This work provides a theoretical basis for the subsequent study of condensation coking mechanisms and inhibition methods.展开更多
The hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks(HOFs)as a new type of porous framework materials have been widely studied in various areas.However,the lack of appropriate active sites,low intrinsic conductivity,and poor stabil...The hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks(HOFs)as a new type of porous framework materials have been widely studied in various areas.However,the lack of appropriate active sites,low intrinsic conductivity,and poor stability limited their performance in the field of electrocatalysis.Herein,we designed two 2D metal hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks(2D–M–HOF,M=Cu^(2+)or Ni^(2+))with coordination compounds based on 2,3,6,7,14,15-hexahydroxyl cyclotricatechylene and transition metal ions(Cu^(2+)and Ni^(2+)),respectively.The crystal structure of 2D–Cu–HOF is determined by continuous rotation electron diffraction,indicating an undulated 2D hydrogen-bond network with interlayeredπ-πstacking.The flexible structure of 2D–M–HOF leads to the formation of self-adaption interlayered sites,resulting in superior activity and selectivity in the electrocatalytic conversion of CO_(2) to C_(2) products,achieving a total Faradaic efficiency exceeding 80%due to the high-efficiency C–C coupling.The experimental results and density functional calculations verify that the undulated 2D–M–HOF enables the energetically favorable formation of*OCCHO intermediate.This work provides a promising strategy for designing HOF catalysts in electrocatalysis and related processes.展开更多
Effective treatment methods for stroke,a common cerebrovascular disease with a high mortality rate,are still being sought.Exosome therapy,a form of acellular therapy,has demonstrated promising efficacy in various dise...Effective treatment methods for stroke,a common cerebrovascular disease with a high mortality rate,are still being sought.Exosome therapy,a form of acellular therapy,has demonstrated promising efficacy in various diseases in animal models;however,there is currently insufficient evidence to guide the clinical application of exosome in patients with stroke.This article reviews the progress of exosome applications in stroke treatment.It aims to elucidate the significant potential value of exosomes in stroke therapy and provide a reference for their clinical translation.At present,many studies on exosome-based therapies for stroke are actively underway.Regarding preclinical research,exosomes,as bioactive substances with diverse sources,currently favor stem cells as their origin.Due to their high plasticity,exosomes can be effectively modified through various physical,chemical,and genetic engineering methods to enhance their efficacy.In animal models of stroke,exosome therapy can reduce neuroinflammatory responses,alleviate oxidative stress damage,and inhibit programmed cell death.Additionally,exosomes can promote angiogenesis,repair and regenerate damaged white matter fiber bundles,and facilitate the migration and differentiation of neural stem cells,aiding the repair process.We also summarize new directions for the application of exosomes,specifically the exosome intervention through the ventricular-meningeal lymphatic system.The review findings suggest that the treatment paradigm for stroke is poised for transformation.展开更多
Biological yield indicates the potential for increasing yield.Leaf carbon metabolism plays an important role in the biomass accumulation of rapeseed(Brassica napus L.).Field experiments with the hybrid HZ62(with a con...Biological yield indicates the potential for increasing yield.Leaf carbon metabolism plays an important role in the biomass accumulation of rapeseed(Brassica napus L.).Field experiments with the hybrid HZ62(with a conventional plant architecture)grown in 2016–2017,and HZ62 and accession 1301(with a compact plant architecture)grown in 2017–2018 were conducted to characterize the physiological and proteomic responses of leaf photosynthetic carbon metabolism to density and row spacing configurations.The densities were set at 15×10;ha^(-1)(D1),30×10^(4)ha^(-1)(D2),and 45×10^(4)ha^(-1)(D3)(main plot),with row spacings of 15 cm(R15),25 cm(R25),and 35 cm(R35)(subplot).Individual and plant population biomass accumulation was greatest at R25,R15,and R15 for D1,D2,and D3,respectively,for both genotypes.In comparison with D1 R25,the individual aboveground biomass of HZ62 decreased by60.2%,whereas the population biomass increased by 31.9%,and the individual biomass of genotype1301 decreased by 54.0%and the population biomass increased by 53.9%at D3 R15.Leaf carbon metabolic enzymes varied between genotypes at flowering stage.In contrast to D1 R25,at D3 R15 the activities of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase(Rubisco)and sucrose phosphate synthase(SPS)and the contents of starch,sucrose and soluble sugars in leaves were significantly decreased in HZ62 and increased in genotype 1301.The activities of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase(FBPase)decreased,in consistency with the abundance of fructose-bisphosphate aldolase in HZ62.In contrast,sucrose synthase(Su Sy)activity appeared to decrease in both genotypes,but a significant increase in abundance of a protein with sucrose synthase was found in the 1301 genotype by proteomic analysis.With increased density and reduced row spacing,the expression of most key proteins involved in carbon metabolism was elevated,and enzyme activity and carbon assimilate content were increased in 1301,whereas HZ62 showed the opposite trend,indicating that the compact plant type can accumulate more population biomass with denser planting.展开更多
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus(SFTSV)is an emerging tick-borne bunyavirus that causes hemorrhagic fever-like disease(SFTS)in humans with a case fatality rate up to 30%.To date,the molecular biology ...Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus(SFTSV)is an emerging tick-borne bunyavirus that causes hemorrhagic fever-like disease(SFTS)in humans with a case fatality rate up to 30%.To date,the molecular biology involved in SFTSV infection remains obscure.There are seven major genotypes of SFTSV(C1-C4 and J1-J3)and previously a reverse genetic system was established on a C3 strain of SFTSV.Here,we reported successfully establishment of a reverse genetics system based on a SFTSV C4 strain.First,we obtained the 5’-and 3’-terminal untranslated region(UTR)sequences of the Large(L),Medium(M)and Small(S)segments of a laboratory-adapted SFTSV C4 strain through rapid amplification of cDNA ends analysis,and developed functional T7 polymerase-based L-,M-and S-segment minigenome assays.Then,fulllength cDNA clones were constructed and infectious SFTSV were recovered from co-transfected cells.Viral infectivity,growth kinetics,and viral protein expression profile of the rescued virus were compared with the laboratory-adapted virus.Focus formation assay showed that the size and morphology of the foci formed by the rescued SFTSV were indistinguishable with the laboratory-adapted virus.However,one-step growth curve and nucleoprotein expression analyses revealed the rescued virus replicated less efficiently than the laboratory-adapted virus.Sequence analysis indicated that the difference may be due to the mutations in the laboratory-adapted strain which are more prone to cell culture.The results help us to understand the molecular biology of SFTSV,and provide a useful tool for developing vaccines and antivirals against SFTS.展开更多
The discontinuity of new types of clean energy,such as wind power and solar cells, has promoted the development of large-scale energy storage systems(EES).Rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs) have received ex...The discontinuity of new types of clean energy,such as wind power and solar cells, has promoted the development of large-scale energy storage systems(EES).Rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs) have received extensive attention due to their inherent safety and low cost. At this stage, the performance of ZIBs is still limited by cathode materials. In this work, we have constructed a ZIBs cathode material-V_(2)O_(3)@N–C, through surface coating and N atom doping. The N-doped carbon coating endows V_(2)O_(3)@N–C with excellent structural stability and enhances its electrical conductivity. As a result,V_(2)O_(3)@N–C cathode delivers exceptional reversible of Zn^(2+) intercalation/deintercalation. The fabricated Zn/V_(2)O_(3)@N–C batteries exhibit high capacity of 274.6 mAh·g^(-1) at 5 A·g^(-1) and excellent capacity retention of 94% after 2000 cycles. The reversible intercalation/deintercalation of Zn^(2+) in the V_(2)O_(3)@N–C cathode is proved by ex-situ testing methods. It is believed that this work should inject new vitality into the development of ZIBs cathode.展开更多
Background： Highly automated cage-rearing systems are becoming increasingly popular in China. However, a high stocking density can cause oxidative stress and decrease broiler performance. The tryptophan （TRP） deriv...Background： Highly automated cage-rearing systems are becoming increasingly popular in China. However, a high stocking density can cause oxidative stress and decrease broiler performance. The tryptophan （TRP） derivative 5-hydroxytryptophan （5-HT） has been shown to preserve membrane fluidity in birds suffering from oxidative stress Therefore, this experiment was conducted to determine the effects of dietan/TRP supplementation on performance, breast meat quality and oxidative stress in broilers reared in cages with a high or low stocking density. Methods： Female Arbor Acres broilers （25-d-old, n = 144） were randomly allocated to 1 of 4 treatments. The birds were fed a diet based on corn, soybean meal, cottonseed meal and corn gluten meal containing either 0.18 or 0.27% TRP and were housed with stocking densities of 11 or 15.4 birds/m2 in a 2 x 2 factorial experiment. Broiler performance was evaluated from d 25 to 42. Eight birds from each treatment were slaughtered on d 42 and plasma and breast muscle samples were collected to measure biochemical indices. Results： A higher stocking density tended to be associated with reduced weight gain （P 〈 0.10）, and significantly increased plasma glutamic-pyruvic transaminase （GPT） activity （P 〈 0.001）. Increased dietary TRP significantly reduced the activities of lactic dehydrogenase and GPT while increasing total cholesterol in the plasma （P 〈 0.01）, reducing drip loss of breast muscle （P 〈 0.10） and improving feed efficiency （P 〈 0.10）. Conclusions： An increase in dietary TRP, ].S-fold higher than the standard supplementation level, can alleviate oxidative stress as well as improve welfare and feed efficiency in broilers reared in cages with a high stocking density.展开更多
The present study aims to evaluate the effect of Galla chinensis compounds on the remineralization of two artificial root lesions morphous in vitro. Sixty bovine dentine blocks were divided into two groups and individ...The present study aims to evaluate the effect of Galla chinensis compounds on the remineralization of two artificial root lesions morphous in vitro. Sixty bovine dentine blocks were divided into two groups and individually treated with two levels of demineralization solutions to form erosive and subsurface artificial carious lesions in vitro. Each group was then divided into three subgroups, each of which were treated with a remineralization solution （positive control）, deionized water （negative control）, or 4 000 mg-L-1 aqueous solutions of Galla chinensis extract. The dentine blocks were then subjected to a pH-cycling regime for 7 days. During the first 4 days, the daily cycle included 21-h deal and 3-h demineralization applications. The dentine blocks were dealt with the entire day during the remaining 3 days. Two specimens from each of the treatment groups were selected and observed under a polarized light microscope. Data collected using a laser scanning confocal microscope were computerized and analyzed. Galla chinensis extract clearly enhanced the remineralization of both erosive lesion and subsurface lesion patterns in the specimens （P〈0.05）. The level of remineralization of the erosive lesion by Galla chinensis extract was lower than that of the subsurface lesion （P〈0.05）. In addition, the remineralization of the subsurface lesion by Galla chinensis extract was higher than that of the remineralization solution （P〈0.05）. No significant difference between the remineralization of erosive lesions by Galla chinensis extract and the remineralization solution was observed （P〉0.05）. So Galla chinensis extract has the potential to improve the remineralization of artificial root lesions under dynamic pH-cyclic conditions, indicating its potential use as a natural remineralization medicine.展开更多
The development of basic oxygen furnace(BOF)intelligent steelmaking model based on artificial intelligence and big data is the focus of international research and development.In the view of the current situation that ...The development of basic oxygen furnace(BOF)intelligent steelmaking model based on artificial intelligence and big data is the focus of international research and development.In the view of the current situation that the BOF cannot continuously detect the composition and molten steel temperature,combined with the monitoring results of the high-definition and high-brightness camera at the converter mouth,an online BOF terminal temperature control model is established based on big data learning case-based reasoning model and expert system model.The on-site online operation shows that the model can effectively improve the"flying lance"phenomenon and the splashing condition,the stability and safety of smelting process are better than that of artificial smelting,the"flying lance"rate decreases from 39.2% to 0,the early splashing rate decreases from 21.4% to 13.3% and the late splashing rate decreases from 81.25% to 56.7%.When the temperature fluctuation is controlled at±15 oC,the hit rate of the terminal temperature under the automatic control of the model is 90.91%.展开更多
The stable isotopic composition(δ13C andδ15N)and carbon/nitrogen ratio(C/N)of particulate organic matter(POM)in the Chukchi and East Siberian shelves from July to September,2016 were measured to evaluate the spatial...The stable isotopic composition(δ13C andδ15N)and carbon/nitrogen ratio(C/N)of particulate organic matter(POM)in the Chukchi and East Siberian shelves from July to September,2016 were measured to evaluate the spatial variability and origin of POM.Theδ13CPOC values were in the range of−29.5‰to−17.5‰with an average of−25.9‰±2.0‰,and theδ15NPN values ranged from 3.9‰to 13.1‰with an average of 8.0‰±1.6‰.The C/N ratios in the East Siberian shelf were generally higher than those in the Chukchi shelf,while theδ13C andδ15N values were just the opposite.Abnormally low C/N ratios(<4),lowδ13CPOC(almost−28‰)and highδ15NPN(>10‰)values were observed in the Wrangel Island polynya,which was attributed to the early bloom of small phytoplankton.The contributions of terrestrial POM,bloom-produced POM and non-bloom marine POM were estimated using a three end-member mixing model.The spatial distribution of terrestrial POM showed a high fraction in the East Siberian shelf and decreased eastward,indicating the influence of Russian rivers.The distribution of non-bloom marine POM showed a high fraction in the Chukchi shelf with the highest fraction occurring in the Bering Strait and decreased westward,suggesting the stimulation of biological production by the Pacific inflow in the Chukchi shelf.The fractions of bloom-produced POM were highest in the winter polynya and gradually decreased toward the periphery.A negative relationship between the bloom-produced POM and the sea ice meltwater inventory was observed,indicating that the net sea ice loss promotes early bloom in the polynya.Given the high fraction of bloom-produced POM,the early bloom of phytoplankton in the polynyas may play an important role on marine production and POM export in the Arctic shelves.展开更多
Patients with Alzheimer’s disease(AD)often have lower bone mass than healthy individuals.However,the mechanisms underlying this change remain elusive.Previously,we found that Tg2576 mice,an AD animal model that ubiqu...Patients with Alzheimer’s disease(AD)often have lower bone mass than healthy individuals.However,the mechanisms underlying this change remain elusive.Previously,we found that Tg2576 mice,an AD animal model that ubiquitously expresses Swedish mutant amyloid precursor protein(APPswe),shows osteoporotic changes,reduced bone formation,and increased bone resorption.To understand how bone deficits develop in Tg2576 mice,we used a multiplex antibody array to screen for serum proteins that are altered in Tg2576 mice and identified hepcidin,a master regulator of iron homeostasis.We further investigated hepcidin’s function in bone homeostasis and found that hepcidin levels were increased not only in the serum but also in the liver,muscle,and osteoblast(OB)lineage cells in Tg2576 mice at both the mRNA and protein levels.We then generated mice selectively expressing hepcidin in hepatocytes or OB lineage cells,which showed trabecular bone loss and increased osteoclast(OC)-mediated bone resorption.Further cell studies suggested that hepcidin increased OC precursor proliferation and differentiation by downregulating ferroportin(FPN)expression and increasing intracellular iron levels.In OB lineage cells,APPswe enhanced hepcidin expression by inducing ER stress and increasing OC formation,in part through hepcidin.Together,these results suggest that increased hepcidin expression in hepatocytes and OB lineage cells in Tg2576 mice contributes to enhanced osteoclastogenesis and trabecular bone loss,identifying the hepcidin-FPN-iron axis as a potential therapeutic target to prevent AD-associated bone loss.展开更多
Objective ：To elucidate whether cell multiplication, apoptosis, glucose intake and p-Akt protein expression of bone Mesenchyreal Stem Cells（MSCs） of rats is influenced by a hypoxic environment ex vivo. Methods ：Pa...Objective ：To elucidate whether cell multiplication, apoptosis, glucose intake and p-Akt protein expression of bone Mesenchyreal Stem Cells（MSCs） of rats is influenced by a hypoxic environment ex vivo. Methods ：Passage 3 of bone marrow MSCs taken from Wistar rats,were cultured in a culturing chamber with 94%N2,1%O2,5%CO2 at 37℃. At different hypoxia time points ,0,0.5, 1,4 and 8 h, glucose uptake was assayed by using radiation isotope ^3H-G, Apoptotic Rate（AR） and dead rate（DR） were analyzed by flow cytometry（FCM） after Annexin V/PI staining, cell multiplication（by MTr methods） and p-Akt protein by immunocytochemistry and western blot. Results ：Assay for CD29^± ,CD44^± ,CD71^± ,CD34^-, Tn T^±（after 5-azacytidine agent inducing） and ALP^±（after bone differentiation agent inducing） suggested these bone-derived cells were MSCs. The ^3H-G intaking ratio （CPM/ flask value：157 ± 11,110 ± 11,107 ± 13,103 ± 10,100 ± 9 and 98 ± 10） of MSCs at different hypoxia time points, significantly decreased compared to that of normoxia（P 〈 0.01） and tended to descend slowly with hypoxia time duration, for which there was no statistical significance（P 〉 0.05）. The AR（0.09 ± 2.03%,12.9 ± 1.72%,13.7 ± 2.26%,13.8 ± 3.01%,14.1 ± 2.78% and 14.7 ± 4.01% at 0,0.5,1,4 and 8 h,respectively,P 〈 0.01） and DR （0.04, ± 1.79% ,0.93 ± 1.85% ,3.11 ± 2.14% ,4.09 ± 2.36% ,4.72 ± 2.05% and 4.91 ± 3.72% at 0,0.5,1,4 and 8 h, respectively, P 〈 0.05） at different hypoxia time points significantly increased compared to those time in normoxia; The AR further went up with time （P 〈 0.05）, however there was no statistical significance （P 〉 0.05） for the DR. Optical absorption value of MTr methods at different hypoxia time points significantly decreased compared to those with a corresponding normoxia time （P 〈 0.01） and degraded with time （in an hypoxic environment -P 〈 0.01）. IOD of p-Akt protein of MSCs at different hypoxia time points significantly increased （0.367 ± 0.031,0.556 ± 0.023,0.579 ± 0.013, 0.660 ± 0.024, 0.685 ± 0.039 and 0.685 ± 0.011, respectively） compared to their equivalents in normoxia （P〈0.05）, however, there was no statistical significance （P 〉 0.05） for different hypoxia time points. Hypoxia may result in ultramicrostructure changes, such as defluvium of Microvilli, apoptotic body, ＂margination＂ and so on and are further aggravated with hypoxia time stretching. Conclusion： Hypoxia may lead to a depression of MSCs intaldng glucose, creep of cell multiplication, upregulation of p-Akt protein and apoptosis of MSCs ex vivo.展开更多
In the past decade,boron neutron capture therapy utilizing an accelerator-based neutron source(ABNS)designed primarily for producing epithermal neutrons has been implemented in the treatment of brain tumors and other ...In the past decade,boron neutron capture therapy utilizing an accelerator-based neutron source(ABNS)designed primarily for producing epithermal neutrons has been implemented in the treatment of brain tumors and other cancers.The specifications for designing an epithermal beam are primarily based on the IAEA-TECODC-1223 report,issued in 2001 for reactor neutron sources.Based on this report,the latest perspectives and clinical requirements,we designed an ABNS capable of adjusting the average neutron beam energy.The design was based on a 2.8 MeV,20 mA proton beam bombarding a lithium target to produce neutrons that were subsequently moderated and tuned through a tunable beam shaping assembly(BSA)which can modify the thicknesses and materials of the coin-shaped moderators,back reflectors,filters,and collimators.The simulation results demonstrated that epithermal neutron beams for deep seated tumor treatment,which were generated by utilizing magnesium fluoride with lengths ranging between 28 and 36 cm as the moderator,possessed a treatment depth of 5.6 cm although the neutron flux peak shifts from 4.5 to 1.0 keV.When utilizing a thinner moderator,a less accelerated beam power can meet the treatment requirements.However,higher powers reduced the treatment time.In contrast,employing a thick moderator can reduce the skin dose.In scenarios that required relatively low energy neutron beams,the removal of the thermal neutron filter can raise the thermal neutron flux at the beam port.And the depth of the dose rate peak could be adjusted between 0.25 and 2.20 cm by combining magnesium fluoride and polyethylene coins of different thicknesses.Hence,this device has a better adaptability for the treatment of superficial tumors.Overall,the tunable BSA provides greater flexibility for clinical treatment than common BSA designs that can only adjust the port size.展开更多
Boron nitride nanotubes(BNNTs)were treated as brittle materials and could be used to enhance the composite mechanical properties.Many approaches were used to verify the theoretical prediction experimentally,but how to...Boron nitride nanotubes(BNNTs)were treated as brittle materials and could be used to enhance the composite mechanical properties.Many approaches were used to verify the theoretical prediction experimentally,but how to in situ real-time characterize nanomechanical properties of BNNTs was still interested to the researchers.An in situ transmission electron microscopy(TEM)equipped with a force transducer holder had been used to study the structure evolution behavior of BNNTs with axial compression.Real-time video and the force transducer had been used synchronously to record the whole force loading process where the mechanical deformation of BNNT began,buckled and ended with fracture.An in dividual ultrathin BNNT was employed to con duct the loading test.The results showed that the elastic deformation happened on the BNNT.Young's modulus?1.05-1.37 Tpa and elasticity coefficient?198.7-255.9 N/m of BNNT were calculated by Euler formula and Hooker's law,respectively.展开更多
As a group of nonspecific inflammatory diseases affecting the intestine,inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)exhibits the characteristics of chronic recurring inflammation,and was proven to be increasing in incidence(Kaplan...As a group of nonspecific inflammatory diseases affecting the intestine,inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)exhibits the characteristics of chronic recurring inflammation,and was proven to be increasing in incidence(Kaplan,2015).IBD induced by genetic background,environmental changes,immune functions,microbial composition,and toxin exposures(Sasson et al.,2021)primarily includes ulcerative colitis(UC)and Crohn's disease(CD)with complicated clinical symptoms featured by abdominal pain,diarrhea,and even blood in stools(Fan et al.,2021;Huang et al.,2021).展开更多
Energetic electron measurements and spacecraft charging are of great significance for theoretical research in space physics and space weather applications.In this paper,the energetic electron detection package(EEDP)de...Energetic electron measurements and spacecraft charging are of great significance for theoretical research in space physics and space weather applications.In this paper,the energetic electron detection package(EEDP)deployed on three Chinese navigation satellites in medium Earth orbit(MEO)is reviewed.The instrument was developed by the space science payload team led by Peking University.The EEDP includes a pinhole medium-energy electron spectrometer(MES),a high-energy electron detector(HED)based onΔE-E telescope technology,and a deep dielectric charging monitor(DDCM).The MES measures the energy spectra of 50−600 keV electrons from nine directions with a 180°×30°field of view(FOV).The HED measures the energy spectrum of 0.5−3.0 MeV electrons from one direction with a 30°cone-angle FOV.The ground test and calibration results indicate that these three sensors exhibit excellent performance.Preliminary observations show that the electron spectra measured by the MES and HED are in good agreement with the results from the magnetic electron-ion spectrometer(MagEIS)of the Van Allen Probes spacecraft,with an average relative deviation of 27.3%for the energy spectra.The charging currents and voltages measured by the DDCM during storms are consistent with the highenergy electron observations of the HED,demonstrating the effectiveness of the DDCM.The observations of the EEDP on board the three MEO satellites can provide important support for theoretical research on the radiation belts and the applications related to space weather.展开更多
文摘In the original publication,incorrect version of Corresponding authors has been published.You-Yuan Huang and Bo Wang should be corresponding authors.The corrected Correspondingg authors are provided in this correction.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32172441,32302433,and 32001599)。
文摘Ceratocystis fimbriata is a hazardous fungal pathogen that causes black rot disease in sweet potato roots,leading to devastating losses during sweet potato growth and storage.All methods for managing C.fimbriata on sweet potato based on synthetic fungicides,biocontrol agents,coatings,and natural compounds are reviewed for the first time.The advantages and disadvantages of the different methods are discussed,and their efficacies are compared.Bacillus strains and the synthetic fungicides carbendazim,flutriafol,liguoling,Stadium?,thiabendazole,and thiophanate methyl show the strongest inhibitory effects.Bacillus strains possess an advantage over synthetic fungicides due to the detrimental impact of the latter on human health.The application of filamentous fungi and yeasts as biocontrol agents for C.fimbriata management has not yet been investigated.Coatings exhibit limited protection,and no attempts have been made to combine coatings with nanoparticles or essential oils.Although the natural compounds perillaldehyde and nerol are inexpensive and non-toxic,they are of low efficacy.All management strategies have been used on postharvest sweet potato roots and leaves.However,there is no approach to controlling C.fimbriata in roots during plant growth.Even though several methods for controlling C.fimbriata on sweet potato have been reported in recent years,numerous knowledge gaps impede the development of effective and safe approaches.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFD2300303).
文摘In the rice–rapeseed cropping system in the Yangtze River Basin,late rapeseed sowing increases lodging.To identify the mechanisms of reduced lodging resistance,a two-year field experiment compared four rapeseed cultivars with differing lodging resistances under normal and late sowing.Rapid stem elongation during bolting in late-sown rapeseed reduced stem plumpness,vascular bundle development,and lignin accumulation,weakening lodging resistance.Slowing stem elongation and promoting vascular bundle formation and lignin synthesis could increase lodging resistance in late-sown rapeseed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20321 and 22378241)Research Project Supported by Shanxi Scholarship Council of China(2024-015).
文摘Coal is an essential component of global energy;however,the processes of coal mining and utilization produce significant amounts of coal mine goafs,accompanied by coal-based solid wastes and emitted CO_(2),resulting in severe ecological and environmental challenges.In response to this issue,this study pro-poses a novel approach for filling coal mine goafs using cementitious materials prepared by coal-based solid wastes mineralized with CO_(2)(15%in concentration).The CO_(2) sequestration capacities of individual solid wastes are ranked as follows:carbide slag(CS)>red mud(RM)>fly ash(FA).The performance of filling material prepared from composite solid waste(FA-CS-RM)mineralized with CO_(2) meets the filling requirements of goaf.The filling material(F60C20R20)obtained by CO_(2) mineralization was 14.9 MPa in maximum compressive strength,increasing by 32.2%compared to the non-mineralized material.The prepared filling material exhibits excellent CO_(2) sequestration capacity(i.e.,14.4 kg·t^(−1) in maximum amount of CO_(2) sequestration).According to the analysis of carbon sequestration potential,in China,the annual production of FA,CS,and RM is approximately 899,30,and 107 Mt,respectively in the year of 2023.The utilization of FA,CS,and RM individually can achieve carbon emission reductions of 3.42,10.78,and 0.61 Mt,respectively.The composite solid waste(FA-CS-RM)mineralized with CO_(2) can achieve 1.23 Mt in carbon emissions reduction.Additionally,taking Yellow River Basin of China as a case study,the total volume of underground space in coal mine goafs from 2016 to 2030 is estimated at 8.16 Gm3,indicating that this technology can sequester 0.18 Gt of CO_(2).This approach offers a promising solution for large-scale flue gas CO_(2) sequestration,recycling coal-based solid wastes,and remediating coal mine goafs,contributing to green utilization of coal and the emission reduction of carbon.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22308233,92060101)the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province of China (2024NSFSC1162)+1 种基金the Source of Origin Project of Beijing Power Machinery Research Institutethe Sichuan Province Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (2021JDJQ0011)。
文摘The active cooling technology of endothermic hydrocarbon fuels is a key way to solve the thermal protection of high-speed aircraft engines,but the condensation coking problem during engine shutdown is a bottleneck that affects the reusability of aircraft.In this study,a self-designed apparatus was used to separately analyze the condensation coking during the fuel cooling process,and the coking characteristics under different temperature conditions were obtained.The condensation coking mechanism of fuel during cooling process was proposed based on the changes in physical properties of coking precursors obtained by the group contribution method.When the temperature drops to 300℃,not only the gas yield and conversion increase to 71.42% and 89.75% respectively,but the coke mass on the inner surface of the tube also significantly increases from 0.39 to 1.92 mg.Meanwhile,as the temperature further decreases,the morphology of coke gradually transforms into amorphous carbon with a higher degree of graphitization.During the cooling process,due to the liquefaction of coking precursors,their physical properties such as viscosity,density,and saturated vapor pressure undergo sudden changes at 300°C,leading to enhanced intermolecular physical interactions and promoting the physical aggregation of coking precursor molecules,which are deposited on the inner wall of the tube.This work provides a theoretical basis for the subsequent study of condensation coking mechanisms and inhibition methods.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(nos.21971012,61933002,21601015,21625102,21674012,and 81601549)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFB1506300)Beijing Institute of Technology Research Fund Program for Young Scholars。
文摘The hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks(HOFs)as a new type of porous framework materials have been widely studied in various areas.However,the lack of appropriate active sites,low intrinsic conductivity,and poor stability limited their performance in the field of electrocatalysis.Herein,we designed two 2D metal hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks(2D–M–HOF,M=Cu^(2+)or Ni^(2+))with coordination compounds based on 2,3,6,7,14,15-hexahydroxyl cyclotricatechylene and transition metal ions(Cu^(2+)and Ni^(2+)),respectively.The crystal structure of 2D–Cu–HOF is determined by continuous rotation electron diffraction,indicating an undulated 2D hydrogen-bond network with interlayeredπ-πstacking.The flexible structure of 2D–M–HOF leads to the formation of self-adaption interlayered sites,resulting in superior activity and selectivity in the electrocatalytic conversion of CO_(2) to C_(2) products,achieving a total Faradaic efficiency exceeding 80%due to the high-efficiency C–C coupling.The experimental results and density functional calculations verify that the undulated 2D–M–HOF enables the energetically favorable formation of*OCCHO intermediate.This work provides a promising strategy for designing HOF catalysts in electrocatalysis and related processes.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,No.CSTB2023NSCQ-mSX0561(to WL).
文摘Effective treatment methods for stroke,a common cerebrovascular disease with a high mortality rate,are still being sought.Exosome therapy,a form of acellular therapy,has demonstrated promising efficacy in various diseases in animal models;however,there is currently insufficient evidence to guide the clinical application of exosome in patients with stroke.This article reviews the progress of exosome applications in stroke treatment.It aims to elucidate the significant potential value of exosomes in stroke therapy and provide a reference for their clinical translation.At present,many studies on exosome-based therapies for stroke are actively underway.Regarding preclinical research,exosomes,as bioactive substances with diverse sources,currently favor stem cells as their origin.Due to their high plasticity,exosomes can be effectively modified through various physical,chemical,and genetic engineering methods to enhance their efficacy.In animal models of stroke,exosome therapy can reduce neuroinflammatory responses,alleviate oxidative stress damage,and inhibit programmed cell death.Additionally,exosomes can promote angiogenesis,repair and regenerate damaged white matter fiber bundles,and facilitate the migration and differentiation of neural stem cells,aiding the repair process.We also summarize new directions for the application of exosomes,specifically the exosome intervention through the ventricular-meningeal lymphatic system.The review findings suggest that the treatment paradigm for stroke is poised for transformation.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31671616)the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-12)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2662019PY076)。
文摘Biological yield indicates the potential for increasing yield.Leaf carbon metabolism plays an important role in the biomass accumulation of rapeseed(Brassica napus L.).Field experiments with the hybrid HZ62(with a conventional plant architecture)grown in 2016–2017,and HZ62 and accession 1301(with a compact plant architecture)grown in 2017–2018 were conducted to characterize the physiological and proteomic responses of leaf photosynthetic carbon metabolism to density and row spacing configurations.The densities were set at 15×10;ha^(-1)(D1),30×10^(4)ha^(-1)(D2),and 45×10^(4)ha^(-1)(D3)(main plot),with row spacings of 15 cm(R15),25 cm(R25),and 35 cm(R35)(subplot).Individual and plant population biomass accumulation was greatest at R25,R15,and R15 for D1,D2,and D3,respectively,for both genotypes.In comparison with D1 R25,the individual aboveground biomass of HZ62 decreased by60.2%,whereas the population biomass increased by 31.9%,and the individual biomass of genotype1301 decreased by 54.0%and the population biomass increased by 53.9%at D3 R15.Leaf carbon metabolic enzymes varied between genotypes at flowering stage.In contrast to D1 R25,at D3 R15 the activities of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase(Rubisco)and sucrose phosphate synthase(SPS)and the contents of starch,sucrose and soluble sugars in leaves were significantly decreased in HZ62 and increased in genotype 1301.The activities of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase(FBPase)decreased,in consistency with the abundance of fructose-bisphosphate aldolase in HZ62.In contrast,sucrose synthase(Su Sy)activity appeared to decrease in both genotypes,but a significant increase in abundance of a protein with sucrose synthase was found in the 1301 genotype by proteomic analysis.With increased density and reduced row spacing,the expression of most key proteins involved in carbon metabolism was elevated,and enzyme activity and carbon assimilate content were increased in 1301,whereas HZ62 showed the opposite trend,indicating that the compact plant type can accumulate more population biomass with denser planting.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31900146Open Research Fund Program of the State Key Laboratory of Virology of China(No.2020IOV003)Team project of Health Commission of Hubei Province(WJ2019C003)。
文摘Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus(SFTSV)is an emerging tick-borne bunyavirus that causes hemorrhagic fever-like disease(SFTS)in humans with a case fatality rate up to 30%.To date,the molecular biology involved in SFTSV infection remains obscure.There are seven major genotypes of SFTSV(C1-C4 and J1-J3)and previously a reverse genetic system was established on a C3 strain of SFTSV.Here,we reported successfully establishment of a reverse genetics system based on a SFTSV C4 strain.First,we obtained the 5’-and 3’-terminal untranslated region(UTR)sequences of the Large(L),Medium(M)and Small(S)segments of a laboratory-adapted SFTSV C4 strain through rapid amplification of cDNA ends analysis,and developed functional T7 polymerase-based L-,M-and S-segment minigenome assays.Then,fulllength cDNA clones were constructed and infectious SFTSV were recovered from co-transfected cells.Viral infectivity,growth kinetics,and viral protein expression profile of the rescued virus were compared with the laboratory-adapted virus.Focus formation assay showed that the size and morphology of the foci formed by the rescued SFTSV were indistinguishable with the laboratory-adapted virus.However,one-step growth curve and nucleoprotein expression analyses revealed the rescued virus replicated less efficiently than the laboratory-adapted virus.Sequence analysis indicated that the difference may be due to the mutations in the laboratory-adapted strain which are more prone to cell culture.The results help us to understand the molecular biology of SFTSV,and provide a useful tool for developing vaccines and antivirals against SFTS.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51874110 and 51604089)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(No.YQ2021B004)the Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment(No.QA202138)。
文摘The discontinuity of new types of clean energy,such as wind power and solar cells, has promoted the development of large-scale energy storage systems(EES).Rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs) have received extensive attention due to their inherent safety and low cost. At this stage, the performance of ZIBs is still limited by cathode materials. In this work, we have constructed a ZIBs cathode material-V_(2)O_(3)@N–C, through surface coating and N atom doping. The N-doped carbon coating endows V_(2)O_(3)@N–C with excellent structural stability and enhances its electrical conductivity. As a result,V_(2)O_(3)@N–C cathode delivers exceptional reversible of Zn^(2+) intercalation/deintercalation. The fabricated Zn/V_(2)O_(3)@N–C batteries exhibit high capacity of 274.6 mAh·g^(-1) at 5 A·g^(-1) and excellent capacity retention of 94% after 2000 cycles. The reversible intercalation/deintercalation of Zn^(2+) in the V_(2)O_(3)@N–C cathode is proved by ex-situ testing methods. It is believed that this work should inject new vitality into the development of ZIBs cathode.
基金supported by the System for Poultry Production Technology,Beijing Innovation Research Team of Modern Agriculture(CARSPSTP)the National Key Technology R&D Program of China during the 12~(th) five-year plan(2012BAD39B04)
文摘Background： Highly automated cage-rearing systems are becoming increasingly popular in China. However, a high stocking density can cause oxidative stress and decrease broiler performance. The tryptophan （TRP） derivative 5-hydroxytryptophan （5-HT） has been shown to preserve membrane fluidity in birds suffering from oxidative stress Therefore, this experiment was conducted to determine the effects of dietan/TRP supplementation on performance, breast meat quality and oxidative stress in broilers reared in cages with a high or low stocking density. Methods： Female Arbor Acres broilers （25-d-old, n = 144） were randomly allocated to 1 of 4 treatments. The birds were fed a diet based on corn, soybean meal, cottonseed meal and corn gluten meal containing either 0.18 or 0.27% TRP and were housed with stocking densities of 11 or 15.4 birds/m2 in a 2 x 2 factorial experiment. Broiler performance was evaluated from d 25 to 42. Eight birds from each treatment were slaughtered on d 42 and plasma and breast muscle samples were collected to measure biochemical indices. Results： A higher stocking density tended to be associated with reduced weight gain （P 〈 0.10）, and significantly increased plasma glutamic-pyruvic transaminase （GPT） activity （P 〈 0.001）. Increased dietary TRP significantly reduced the activities of lactic dehydrogenase and GPT while increasing total cholesterol in the plasma （P 〈 0.01）, reducing drip loss of breast muscle （P 〈 0.10） and improving feed efficiency （P 〈 0.10）. Conclusions： An increase in dietary TRP, ].S-fold higher than the standard supplementation level, can alleviate oxidative stress as well as improve welfare and feed efficiency in broilers reared in cages with a high stocking density.
文摘The present study aims to evaluate the effect of Galla chinensis compounds on the remineralization of two artificial root lesions morphous in vitro. Sixty bovine dentine blocks were divided into two groups and individually treated with two levels of demineralization solutions to form erosive and subsurface artificial carious lesions in vitro. Each group was then divided into three subgroups, each of which were treated with a remineralization solution （positive control）, deionized water （negative control）, or 4 000 mg-L-1 aqueous solutions of Galla chinensis extract. The dentine blocks were then subjected to a pH-cycling regime for 7 days. During the first 4 days, the daily cycle included 21-h deal and 3-h demineralization applications. The dentine blocks were dealt with the entire day during the remaining 3 days. Two specimens from each of the treatment groups were selected and observed under a polarized light microscope. Data collected using a laser scanning confocal microscope were computerized and analyzed. Galla chinensis extract clearly enhanced the remineralization of both erosive lesion and subsurface lesion patterns in the specimens （P〈0.05）. The level of remineralization of the erosive lesion by Galla chinensis extract was lower than that of the subsurface lesion （P〈0.05）. In addition, the remineralization of the subsurface lesion by Galla chinensis extract was higher than that of the remineralization solution （P〈0.05）. No significant difference between the remineralization of erosive lesions by Galla chinensis extract and the remineralization solution was observed （P〉0.05）. So Galla chinensis extract has the potential to improve the remineralization of artificial root lesions under dynamic pH-cyclic conditions, indicating its potential use as a natural remineralization medicine.
基金the support from the Open Competition Scientific and Technological Research Projects of Heilongjiang Province(2022ZXJ03A02)Jiangxi Provincial Technical Innovation Guidance Program(20202BDH80002).
文摘The development of basic oxygen furnace(BOF)intelligent steelmaking model based on artificial intelligence and big data is the focus of international research and development.In the view of the current situation that the BOF cannot continuously detect the composition and molten steel temperature,combined with the monitoring results of the high-definition and high-brightness camera at the converter mouth,an online BOF terminal temperature control model is established based on big data learning case-based reasoning model and expert system model.The on-site online operation shows that the model can effectively improve the"flying lance"phenomenon and the splashing condition,the stability and safety of smelting process are better than that of artificial smelting,the"flying lance"rate decreases from 39.2% to 0,the early splashing rate decreases from 21.4% to 13.3% and the late splashing rate decreases from 81.25% to 56.7%.When the temperature fluctuation is controlled at±15 oC,the hit rate of the terminal temperature under the automatic control of the model is 90.91%.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.41721005the China Ocean Mineral Resources R&D Association(COMRA)Program under contract No.DY135-E2-2-03+1 种基金the Marine S&T Fund of Shandong Province for Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology under contract No.2018SDKJ0104-3the Ministry of Science and Education of Russia Project under contract No.АААА-А17-117030110033-0.
文摘The stable isotopic composition(δ13C andδ15N)and carbon/nitrogen ratio(C/N)of particulate organic matter(POM)in the Chukchi and East Siberian shelves from July to September,2016 were measured to evaluate the spatial variability and origin of POM.Theδ13CPOC values were in the range of−29.5‰to−17.5‰with an average of−25.9‰±2.0‰,and theδ15NPN values ranged from 3.9‰to 13.1‰with an average of 8.0‰±1.6‰.The C/N ratios in the East Siberian shelf were generally higher than those in the Chukchi shelf,while theδ13C andδ15N values were just the opposite.Abnormally low C/N ratios(<4),lowδ13CPOC(almost−28‰)and highδ15NPN(>10‰)values were observed in the Wrangel Island polynya,which was attributed to the early bloom of small phytoplankton.The contributions of terrestrial POM,bloom-produced POM and non-bloom marine POM were estimated using a three end-member mixing model.The spatial distribution of terrestrial POM showed a high fraction in the East Siberian shelf and decreased eastward,indicating the influence of Russian rivers.The distribution of non-bloom marine POM showed a high fraction in the Chukchi shelf with the highest fraction occurring in the Bering Strait and decreased westward,suggesting the stimulation of biological production by the Pacific inflow in the Chukchi shelf.The fractions of bloom-produced POM were highest in the winter polynya and gradually decreased toward the periphery.A negative relationship between the bloom-produced POM and the sea ice meltwater inventory was observed,indicating that the net sea ice loss promotes early bloom in the polynya.Given the high fraction of bloom-produced POM,the early bloom of phytoplankton in the polynyas may play an important role on marine production and POM export in the Arctic shelves.
基金supported in part by grants from the National Institutes of Health(AG051773)the U.S.Department of Veterans Affairs(BX000838)by the Meisel family and InMotion in Cleveland,Ohio.
文摘Patients with Alzheimer’s disease(AD)often have lower bone mass than healthy individuals.However,the mechanisms underlying this change remain elusive.Previously,we found that Tg2576 mice,an AD animal model that ubiquitously expresses Swedish mutant amyloid precursor protein(APPswe),shows osteoporotic changes,reduced bone formation,and increased bone resorption.To understand how bone deficits develop in Tg2576 mice,we used a multiplex antibody array to screen for serum proteins that are altered in Tg2576 mice and identified hepcidin,a master regulator of iron homeostasis.We further investigated hepcidin’s function in bone homeostasis and found that hepcidin levels were increased not only in the serum but also in the liver,muscle,and osteoblast(OB)lineage cells in Tg2576 mice at both the mRNA and protein levels.We then generated mice selectively expressing hepcidin in hepatocytes or OB lineage cells,which showed trabecular bone loss and increased osteoclast(OC)-mediated bone resorption.Further cell studies suggested that hepcidin increased OC precursor proliferation and differentiation by downregulating ferroportin(FPN)expression and increasing intracellular iron levels.In OB lineage cells,APPswe enhanced hepcidin expression by inducing ER stress and increasing OC formation,in part through hepcidin.Together,these results suggest that increased hepcidin expression in hepatocytes and OB lineage cells in Tg2576 mice contributes to enhanced osteoclastogenesis and trabecular bone loss,identifying the hepcidin-FPN-iron axis as a potential therapeutic target to prevent AD-associated bone loss.
文摘Objective ：To elucidate whether cell multiplication, apoptosis, glucose intake and p-Akt protein expression of bone Mesenchyreal Stem Cells（MSCs） of rats is influenced by a hypoxic environment ex vivo. Methods ：Passage 3 of bone marrow MSCs taken from Wistar rats,were cultured in a culturing chamber with 94%N2,1%O2,5%CO2 at 37℃. At different hypoxia time points ,0,0.5, 1,4 and 8 h, glucose uptake was assayed by using radiation isotope ^3H-G, Apoptotic Rate（AR） and dead rate（DR） were analyzed by flow cytometry（FCM） after Annexin V/PI staining, cell multiplication（by MTr methods） and p-Akt protein by immunocytochemistry and western blot. Results ：Assay for CD29^± ,CD44^± ,CD71^± ,CD34^-, Tn T^±（after 5-azacytidine agent inducing） and ALP^±（after bone differentiation agent inducing） suggested these bone-derived cells were MSCs. The ^3H-G intaking ratio （CPM/ flask value：157 ± 11,110 ± 11,107 ± 13,103 ± 10,100 ± 9 and 98 ± 10） of MSCs at different hypoxia time points, significantly decreased compared to that of normoxia（P 〈 0.01） and tended to descend slowly with hypoxia time duration, for which there was no statistical significance（P 〉 0.05）. The AR（0.09 ± 2.03%,12.9 ± 1.72%,13.7 ± 2.26%,13.8 ± 3.01%,14.1 ± 2.78% and 14.7 ± 4.01% at 0,0.5,1,4 and 8 h,respectively,P 〈 0.01） and DR （0.04, ± 1.79% ,0.93 ± 1.85% ,3.11 ± 2.14% ,4.09 ± 2.36% ,4.72 ± 2.05% and 4.91 ± 3.72% at 0,0.5,1,4 and 8 h, respectively, P 〈 0.05） at different hypoxia time points significantly increased compared to those time in normoxia; The AR further went up with time （P 〈 0.05）, however there was no statistical significance （P 〉 0.05） for the DR. Optical absorption value of MTr methods at different hypoxia time points significantly decreased compared to those with a corresponding normoxia time （P 〈 0.01） and degraded with time （in an hypoxic environment -P 〈 0.01）. IOD of p-Akt protein of MSCs at different hypoxia time points significantly increased （0.367 ± 0.031,0.556 ± 0.023,0.579 ± 0.013, 0.660 ± 0.024, 0.685 ± 0.039 and 0.685 ± 0.011, respectively） compared to their equivalents in normoxia （P〈0.05）, however, there was no statistical significance （P 〉 0.05） for different hypoxia time points. Hypoxia may result in ultramicrostructure changes, such as defluvium of Microvilli, apoptotic body, ＂margination＂ and so on and are further aggravated with hypoxia time stretching. Conclusion： Hypoxia may lead to a depression of MSCs intaldng glucose, creep of cell multiplication, upregulation of p-Akt protein and apoptosis of MSCs ex vivo.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.1210050454)the program of Chinese Scholarship Council(No.202106280126)。
文摘In the past decade,boron neutron capture therapy utilizing an accelerator-based neutron source(ABNS)designed primarily for producing epithermal neutrons has been implemented in the treatment of brain tumors and other cancers.The specifications for designing an epithermal beam are primarily based on the IAEA-TECODC-1223 report,issued in 2001 for reactor neutron sources.Based on this report,the latest perspectives and clinical requirements,we designed an ABNS capable of adjusting the average neutron beam energy.The design was based on a 2.8 MeV,20 mA proton beam bombarding a lithium target to produce neutrons that were subsequently moderated and tuned through a tunable beam shaping assembly(BSA)which can modify the thicknesses and materials of the coin-shaped moderators,back reflectors,filters,and collimators.The simulation results demonstrated that epithermal neutron beams for deep seated tumor treatment,which were generated by utilizing magnesium fluoride with lengths ranging between 28 and 36 cm as the moderator,possessed a treatment depth of 5.6 cm although the neutron flux peak shifts from 4.5 to 1.0 keV.When utilizing a thinner moderator,a less accelerated beam power can meet the treatment requirements.However,higher powers reduced the treatment time.In contrast,employing a thick moderator can reduce the skin dose.In scenarios that required relatively low energy neutron beams,the removal of the thermal neutron filter can raise the thermal neutron flux at the beam port.And the depth of the dose rate peak could be adjusted between 0.25 and 2.20 cm by combining magnesium fluoride and polyethylene coins of different thicknesses.Hence,this device has a better adaptability for the treatment of superficial tumors.Overall,the tunable BSA provides greater flexibility for clinical treatment than common BSA designs that can only adjust the port size.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos. 51573201, 21773205, 51501209 and 201675165)Key R&D Program of Yunnan Province(No. 2018BA068)+7 种基金NSFC-Zhejiang Joint Fund for the Integration of Industrialization and Informatization(No. U1709205)National Key R&D Program of China(No. 2017YFB0406000)the Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Nos. YZ201640 and KFZD-SW409)Public Welfare Project of Zhejiang Province (No. 2016C31026)Science and Technology Major Project of Ningbo (Nos.2016B10038 and 2016S1002)International S&T Cooperation Program of Ningbo(No. 2017D10016)the 3315 Program of Ningbo for financial supportthe financial support by the Science and Technology Major Project of Ningbo (No. 2015S1001)
文摘Boron nitride nanotubes(BNNTs)were treated as brittle materials and could be used to enhance the composite mechanical properties.Many approaches were used to verify the theoretical prediction experimentally,but how to in situ real-time characterize nanomechanical properties of BNNTs was still interested to the researchers.An in situ transmission electron microscopy(TEM)equipped with a force transducer holder had been used to study the structure evolution behavior of BNNTs with axial compression.Real-time video and the force transducer had been used synchronously to record the whole force loading process where the mechanical deformation of BNNT began,buckled and ended with fracture.An in dividual ultrathin BNNT was employed to con duct the loading test.The results showed that the elastic deformation happened on the BNNT.Young's modulus?1.05-1.37 Tpa and elasticity coefficient?198.7-255.9 N/m of BNNT were calculated by Euler formula and Hooker's law,respectively.
基金supported by the Zhenjiang Key Research and Development Plan(Social Development)(No.SH2021066)the Clinical Medical Science and Technology Development Fund Project of Jiangsu University in 2018(No.JLY20180031)the Taicang Science and Technology Planning Project(No.TC2020JCYL17),China。
文摘As a group of nonspecific inflammatory diseases affecting the intestine,inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)exhibits the characteristics of chronic recurring inflammation,and was proven to be increasing in incidence(Kaplan,2015).IBD induced by genetic background,environmental changes,immune functions,microbial composition,and toxin exposures(Sasson et al.,2021)primarily includes ulcerative colitis(UC)and Crohn's disease(CD)with complicated clinical symptoms featured by abdominal pain,diarrhea,and even blood in stools(Fan et al.,2021;Huang et al.,2021).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41374167,41421003,41474140)China's National Basic Research and Development Program(No.2012CB825603).
文摘Energetic electron measurements and spacecraft charging are of great significance for theoretical research in space physics and space weather applications.In this paper,the energetic electron detection package(EEDP)deployed on three Chinese navigation satellites in medium Earth orbit(MEO)is reviewed.The instrument was developed by the space science payload team led by Peking University.The EEDP includes a pinhole medium-energy electron spectrometer(MES),a high-energy electron detector(HED)based onΔE-E telescope technology,and a deep dielectric charging monitor(DDCM).The MES measures the energy spectra of 50−600 keV electrons from nine directions with a 180°×30°field of view(FOV).The HED measures the energy spectrum of 0.5−3.0 MeV electrons from one direction with a 30°cone-angle FOV.The ground test and calibration results indicate that these three sensors exhibit excellent performance.Preliminary observations show that the electron spectra measured by the MES and HED are in good agreement with the results from the magnetic electron-ion spectrometer(MagEIS)of the Van Allen Probes spacecraft,with an average relative deviation of 27.3%for the energy spectra.The charging currents and voltages measured by the DDCM during storms are consistent with the highenergy electron observations of the HED,demonstrating the effectiveness of the DDCM.The observations of the EEDP on board the three MEO satellites can provide important support for theoretical research on the radiation belts and the applications related to space weather.
