Amorphous carbon shows great potential as an anode material for high-performance potassium-ion batteries;however,its abundant defects or micropores generally capture K ions,thus resulting in high irreversible capacity...Amorphous carbon shows great potential as an anode material for high-performance potassium-ion batteries;however,its abundant defects or micropores generally capture K ions,thus resulting in high irreversible capacity with low initial Coulombic efficiency(ICE)and limited practical application.Herein,pore engineering via a facile self-etching strategy is applied to achieve mesoporous carbon(meso-C)nanowires with interconnected framework.Abundant and evenly distributed mesopores could provide short K^+ pathways for its rapid diffusion.Compared to microporous carbon with highly disordered structure,the meso-C with Zn-catalyzed short-range ordered structure enables more K^+to reversibly intercalate into the graphitic layers.Consequently,the mesoC shows an increased capacity by ~100 mAh g^-1 at 0.1 A g^-1,and the capacity retention is 70.7% after 1000 cycles at 1 A g^-1.Multiple in/ex situ characterizations reveal the reversible structural changes during the charging/discharging process.Particularly,benefiting from the mesoporous structure with reduced specific surface area by 31.5 times and less defects,the meso-C generates less irreversible capacity with high ICE up to 76.7%,one of the best reported values so far.This work provides a new perspective that mesopores engineering can effectively accelerate K^+ diffusion and enhance K^+ adsorption/intercalation storage.展开更多
Ultra-high temperature ceramics(UHTCs)exhibit a unique combination of excellent properties,including ultra-high melting point,excellent chemical stability,and good oxidation resistance,which make them promising candid...Ultra-high temperature ceramics(UHTCs)exhibit a unique combination of excellent properties,including ultra-high melting point,excellent chemical stability,and good oxidation resistance,which make them promising candidates for aerospace and nuclear applications.However,the degradation of hightemperature strength is one of the main limitations for their ultra-high temperature applications.Thus,searching for mechanisms that can help to develop high-performance UHTCs with good high-temperature mechanical properties is urgently needed.To achieve this goal,grain boundary segregation of a series of carbides,including conventional,medium entropy,and high entropy transition metal carbides,i.e.,Zr_(0.95)W_(0.05)C,TiZrHfC_(3),ZrHfNbTaC_(4),TiZrHfNbTaC_(5),were studied by atomistic simulations with a fitted Deep Potential(DP),and the effects of segregation on grain boundary strength were emphasized.For all the studied carbides,grain boundary segregations are realized,which are dominated by the atomic size effect.In addition,tensile simulations indicate that grain boundaries(GBs)will usually be strengthened due to segregation.Our simulation results reveal that grain boundary segregation may be a universal mechanism in enhancing the high-temperature strength of both conventional UHTCs and medium/high entropy UHTCs,since GBs play a key role in controlling the fracture of UHTCs at elevated temperatures.展开更多
In August 2003, Zhou Chengjian, chairman and president of Meters/ Bonwe Garment Group, was invited to attend an academic forum in Cambridge University in Britain. During his visit, Zhou toured many mansions and museum...In August 2003, Zhou Chengjian, chairman and president of Meters/ Bonwe Garment Group, was invited to attend an academic forum in Cambridge University in Britain. During his visit, Zhou toured many mansions and museums where he saw many collections from China. Having known that so many Chinese folk artworks had been lost abroad, Zhou felt frustrated and a sense of responsibility to rescue and protect national culture and folk arts emerged. He thought that it must be a beneficial initiative to rescue and collect China＇s ethnic costumes of past dynasties for permanent display. When he came back home, a bold idea was born - to build a museum to protect and exhibit those ethnic costumes in danger of extinction.展开更多
High entropy materials(HEMs, e.g. high entropy alloys, high entropy ceramics) have gained increasing interests due to the possibility that they can provide challenge properties unattainable by traditional materials. T...High entropy materials(HEMs, e.g. high entropy alloys, high entropy ceramics) have gained increasing interests due to the possibility that they can provide challenge properties unattainable by traditional materials. Though a large number of HEMs have emerged, there is still in lack of theoretical predictions and simulations on HEMs, which is probably caused by the chemical complexity of HEMs. In this work,we demonstrate that the machine learning potentials developed in recent years can overcome the complexity of HEMs, and serve as powerful theoretical tools to simulate HEMs. A deep learning potential(DLP) for high entropy(Zr(0.2) Hf(0.2) Ti(0.2) Nb(0.2) Ta(0.2))C is fitted with the prediction error in energy and force being 9.4 me V/atom and 217 me V/?, respectively. The reliability and generality of the DLP are affirmed,since it can accurately predict lattice parameters and elastic constants of mono-phase carbides TMC(TM = Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb and Ta). Lattice constants(increase from 4.5707 ? to 4.6727 ?), thermal expansion coefficients(increase from 7.85×10-6 K^(-1) to 10.58×10-6 K^(-1)), phonon thermal conductivities(decrease from 2.02 W·m-1·K^(-1) to 0.95 W·m-1·K^(-1)), and elastic properties of high entropy(Zr(0.2) Hf(0.2) Ti(0.2) Nb(0.2) Ta(0.2))C in temperature ranging from 0°C to 2400°C are predicted by molecular dynamics simulations. The predicted room temperature properties agree well with experimental measurements, indicating the high accuracy of the DLP. With introducing of machine learning potentials, many problems that are intractable by traditional methods can be handled now. It is hopeful that deep insight into HEMs can be obtained in the future by such powerful methods.展开更多
High entropy diborides are new categories of ultra-high temperature ceramics,which are believed promising candidates for applications in hypersonic vehicles.However,knowledge on high temperature thermal and mechanical...High entropy diborides are new categories of ultra-high temperature ceramics,which are believed promising candidates for applications in hypersonic vehicles.However,knowledge on high temperature thermal and mechanical properties of high entropy diborides is still lacking unit now.In this work,variations of thermal and elastic properties of high entropy(Ti_(0.2)Zr_(0.2)Hf_(0.2)Nb_(0.2)Ta_(0.2))B_(2) with respect to temperature were predicted by molecular dynamics simulations.Firstly,a deep learning potential for Ti-Zr-Hf-Nb-Ta-B diboride system was fitted with its prediction error in energy and force respectively being 9.2 meV/atom and 208 meV/A,in comparison with first-principles calculations.Then,temperature dependent lattice constants,anisotropic thermal expansions,anisotropic phonon thermal conductivities,and elastic properties of high entropy(Ti_(0.2)Zr_(0.2)Hf_(0.2)Nb_(0.2)Ta_(0.2))B_(2) from 0℃to 2400℃were evaluated,where the predicted room temperature values agree well with experimental measurements.In addition,intrinsic lattice distortions of(Ti_(0.2)Zr_(0.2)Hf_(0.2)Nb_(0.2)Ta_(0.2))B_(2) were analyzed by displacements of atoms from their ideal positions,which are in an order of 10^(-3) A and one order of magnitude smaller than those in(Ti_(0.2)Zr_(0.2)Hf_(0.2)Nb_(0.2)Ta_(0.2))C.It indicates that lattice distortions in(Ti_(0.2)Zr_(0.2)Hf_(0.2)Nb_(0.2)Ta_(0.2))B_(2) is not so severe as expected.With the new paradigm of machine learning potential,deep insight into high entropy materials can be achieved in the future,since the chemical and structural complexly in high entropy materials can be well handled by machine learning potential.展开更多
Pt-modified amorphous alloy(Pt@PdNiCuP)catalyst exhibits excellent electro-catalytic activity and high experimental durability for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).However,the physical origin of the catalytically acti...Pt-modified amorphous alloy(Pt@PdNiCuP)catalyst exhibits excellent electro-catalytic activity and high experimental durability for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).However,the physical origin of the catalytically active remains unclear.In this paper,we constructed a distance contribution descriptor(DCD)for the feature engineering of machine learning(ML)potential,and calculated the Gibbs free energies(ΔGH)of 46,000*H binding sites on the Pt@Pd Ni Cu P surface by ML-accelerated density functional theory(DFT).The relationship betweenΔGHand DCD revealed that in the H-Pt distance region of 2.0-2.5 A where the parabolic tail and disordered scatters coexist,the H-metal bonding configuration is mainly the bridge-or hollow-bonding type.The contribution analysis of DCD indicates that the joint effect of Pt,Pd and Ni atoms determines the catalytical behavior of amorphous alloy,which agrees well with experimental results.By counting atomic percentages in different energy intervals,we obtained the atomic ratio for the best catalytic performance(Pt:Pd:Ni:Cu:P=0.33:0.17:0.155:0.16:0.185).Projected density of states(PDOS)show that H 1s orbital,Pt 5d orbital,and Pd 4d orbital form a bonding state at-2 e V.These results provide new ideas for designing more active amorphous alloy catalysts.展开更多
Two-dimensional black phosphorus(2D BP),well known as phosphorene,has triggered tremendous attention since the first discovery in 2014.The unique puckered monolayer structure endows 2D BP intriguing properties,which f...Two-dimensional black phosphorus(2D BP),well known as phosphorene,has triggered tremendous attention since the first discovery in 2014.The unique puckered monolayer structure endows 2D BP intriguing properties,which facilitate its potential applications in various fields,such as catalyst,energy storage,sensor,etc.Owing to the large surface area,good electric conductivity,and high theoretical specific capacity,2D BP has been widely studied as electrode materials and significantly enhanced the performance of energy storage devices.With the rapid development of energy storage devices based on 2D BP,a timely review on this topic is in demand to further extend the application of 2D BP in energy storage.In this review,recent advances in experimental and theoretical development of 2D BP are presented along with its structures,properties,and synthetic methods.Particularly,their emerging applications in electrochemical energy storage,including Li−/K−/Mg−/Na-ion,Li–S batteries,and supercapacitors,are systematically summarized with milestones as well as the challenges.Benefited from the fast-growing dynamic investigation of 2D BP,some possible improvements and constructive perspectives are provided to guide the design of 2D BP-based energy storage devices with high performance.展开更多
A fundamental problem in the direct manufacturing of flexible devices is the low melting temperature of flexible substrates,which hinders the development of flexible electronics.Proposed here is an electron-cyclotron-...A fundamental problem in the direct manufacturing of flexible devices is the low melting temperature of flexible substrates,which hinders the development of flexible electronics.Proposed here is an electron-cyclotron-resonance sputtering system that can batch-fabricate devices directly on flexible substrates under a low temperature by virtue of the polariton energy transfer between the plasma and the material.Flexible graphene nanosheet-embedded carbon(F-GNEC)films are manufactured directly on polyimide,polyethylene terephthalate,and polydimethylsiloxane,and how the substrate bias(electron energy),microwave power(plasma flux and energy),and magnetic field(electron flux)affect the nanostructure of the F-GNEC films is investigated,indicating that electron energy and flux contribute to the formation of standing graphene nanosheets in the film.The films have good uniformity of distribution in a large size(17 mm×17 mm),and tensile and angle sensors with a high gauge factor(0.92)and fast response(50 ms)for a machine hand are obtained by virtue of the unique nanostructure of the F-GNEC film.This work sheds light on the quantum manufacturing of carbon sensors and its applications for intelligent machine hands and virtual-reality technology.展开更多
Herein, lanthanum was incorporated via hydrothermal synthesis into a MCM-41 framework structure with La/Si molar ratios from 0.01 to 0.1. Samples of NiO supported on LaMCM-41 were prepared using the impregnation metho...Herein, lanthanum was incorporated via hydrothermal synthesis into a MCM-41 framework structure with La/Si molar ratios from 0.01 to 0.1. Samples of NiO supported on LaMCM-41 were prepared using the impregnation method. The catalyst performance was evaluated using a fixed bed CO methanation reactor. A Ni/LaMCM-41 catalyst with La/Si = 0.1 shows the best catalytic performance with a CO conversion of almost 100% and a CH4 selectivity of 89.5% at 250 ℃ under a pressure of 1.5 MPa and at an airspeed of 36,000 mL/（g·h）. Compared with Ni-La/MCM-41（La/Si = 0.1） and Ni/MCM-41 prepared via the impregnation method, Ni/LaMCM-41（La/Si = 0.1） shows a higher CO conversion and CH4 selectivity.In a 100 h stability test, the Ni/LaMCM-41（La/Si = 0.1） catalyst shows excellent stability; furthermore, the CO conversion is always greater than 98.0%, which is significantly better than the results for Ni/MCM-41.We experimentally demonstrate that elemental La enters the framework of MCM-41. The Ni/LaMCM-41 catalyst performs well because the La reduces the average particle size of the NiO particles and enhances the interaction between NiO and MCM-41; moreover, the introduction of La significantly inhibits the sintering of the catalyst and the formation of carbon deposits.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51832004, 21805219 and 51521001)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFA0202603)+2 种基金the Programme of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities (B17034)the Yellow Crane Talent (Science & Technology) Program of Wuhan CityFoshan Xianhu Laboratory of the Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory (XHT2020-003)。
文摘Amorphous carbon shows great potential as an anode material for high-performance potassium-ion batteries;however,its abundant defects or micropores generally capture K ions,thus resulting in high irreversible capacity with low initial Coulombic efficiency(ICE)and limited practical application.Herein,pore engineering via a facile self-etching strategy is applied to achieve mesoporous carbon(meso-C)nanowires with interconnected framework.Abundant and evenly distributed mesopores could provide short K^+ pathways for its rapid diffusion.Compared to microporous carbon with highly disordered structure,the meso-C with Zn-catalyzed short-range ordered structure enables more K^+to reversibly intercalate into the graphitic layers.Consequently,the mesoC shows an increased capacity by ~100 mAh g^-1 at 0.1 A g^-1,and the capacity retention is 70.7% after 1000 cycles at 1 A g^-1.Multiple in/ex situ characterizations reveal the reversible structural changes during the charging/discharging process.Particularly,benefiting from the mesoporous structure with reduced specific surface area by 31.5 times and less defects,the meso-C generates less irreversible capacity with high ICE up to 76.7%,one of the best reported values so far.This work provides a new perspective that mesopores engineering can effectively accelerate K^+ diffusion and enhance K^+ adsorption/intercalation storage.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51672064)。
文摘Ultra-high temperature ceramics(UHTCs)exhibit a unique combination of excellent properties,including ultra-high melting point,excellent chemical stability,and good oxidation resistance,which make them promising candidates for aerospace and nuclear applications.However,the degradation of hightemperature strength is one of the main limitations for their ultra-high temperature applications.Thus,searching for mechanisms that can help to develop high-performance UHTCs with good high-temperature mechanical properties is urgently needed.To achieve this goal,grain boundary segregation of a series of carbides,including conventional,medium entropy,and high entropy transition metal carbides,i.e.,Zr_(0.95)W_(0.05)C,TiZrHfC_(3),ZrHfNbTaC_(4),TiZrHfNbTaC_(5),were studied by atomistic simulations with a fitted Deep Potential(DP),and the effects of segregation on grain boundary strength were emphasized.For all the studied carbides,grain boundary segregations are realized,which are dominated by the atomic size effect.In addition,tensile simulations indicate that grain boundaries(GBs)will usually be strengthened due to segregation.Our simulation results reveal that grain boundary segregation may be a universal mechanism in enhancing the high-temperature strength of both conventional UHTCs and medium/high entropy UHTCs,since GBs play a key role in controlling the fracture of UHTCs at elevated temperatures.
文摘In August 2003, Zhou Chengjian, chairman and president of Meters/ Bonwe Garment Group, was invited to attend an academic forum in Cambridge University in Britain. During his visit, Zhou toured many mansions and museums where he saw many collections from China. Having known that so many Chinese folk artworks had been lost abroad, Zhou felt frustrated and a sense of responsibility to rescue and protect national culture and folk arts emerged. He thought that it must be a beneficial initiative to rescue and collect China＇s ethnic costumes of past dynasties for permanent display. When he came back home, a bold idea was born - to build a museum to protect and exhibit those ethnic costumes in danger of extinction.
基金support of National Natural Science Foundation of China(52171215)Tianjin Natural Science Foundation(19JCJQJC62400)Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations。
基金supported financially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51672064 and No.U1435206)。
文摘High entropy materials(HEMs, e.g. high entropy alloys, high entropy ceramics) have gained increasing interests due to the possibility that they can provide challenge properties unattainable by traditional materials. Though a large number of HEMs have emerged, there is still in lack of theoretical predictions and simulations on HEMs, which is probably caused by the chemical complexity of HEMs. In this work,we demonstrate that the machine learning potentials developed in recent years can overcome the complexity of HEMs, and serve as powerful theoretical tools to simulate HEMs. A deep learning potential(DLP) for high entropy(Zr(0.2) Hf(0.2) Ti(0.2) Nb(0.2) Ta(0.2))C is fitted with the prediction error in energy and force being 9.4 me V/atom and 217 me V/?, respectively. The reliability and generality of the DLP are affirmed,since it can accurately predict lattice parameters and elastic constants of mono-phase carbides TMC(TM = Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb and Ta). Lattice constants(increase from 4.5707 ? to 4.6727 ?), thermal expansion coefficients(increase from 7.85×10-6 K^(-1) to 10.58×10-6 K^(-1)), phonon thermal conductivities(decrease from 2.02 W·m-1·K^(-1) to 0.95 W·m-1·K^(-1)), and elastic properties of high entropy(Zr(0.2) Hf(0.2) Ti(0.2) Nb(0.2) Ta(0.2))C in temperature ranging from 0°C to 2400°C are predicted by molecular dynamics simulations. The predicted room temperature properties agree well with experimental measurements, indicating the high accuracy of the DLP. With introducing of machine learning potentials, many problems that are intractable by traditional methods can be handled now. It is hopeful that deep insight into HEMs can be obtained in the future by such powerful methods.
基金supported by Natural Sciences Foundation of China under Grant No.51972089 and No.51672064。
文摘High entropy diborides are new categories of ultra-high temperature ceramics,which are believed promising candidates for applications in hypersonic vehicles.However,knowledge on high temperature thermal and mechanical properties of high entropy diborides is still lacking unit now.In this work,variations of thermal and elastic properties of high entropy(Ti_(0.2)Zr_(0.2)Hf_(0.2)Nb_(0.2)Ta_(0.2))B_(2) with respect to temperature were predicted by molecular dynamics simulations.Firstly,a deep learning potential for Ti-Zr-Hf-Nb-Ta-B diboride system was fitted with its prediction error in energy and force respectively being 9.2 meV/atom and 208 meV/A,in comparison with first-principles calculations.Then,temperature dependent lattice constants,anisotropic thermal expansions,anisotropic phonon thermal conductivities,and elastic properties of high entropy(Ti_(0.2)Zr_(0.2)Hf_(0.2)Nb_(0.2)Ta_(0.2))B_(2) from 0℃to 2400℃were evaluated,where the predicted room temperature values agree well with experimental measurements.In addition,intrinsic lattice distortions of(Ti_(0.2)Zr_(0.2)Hf_(0.2)Nb_(0.2)Ta_(0.2))B_(2) were analyzed by displacements of atoms from their ideal positions,which are in an order of 10^(-3) A and one order of magnitude smaller than those in(Ti_(0.2)Zr_(0.2)Hf_(0.2)Nb_(0.2)Ta_(0.2))C.It indicates that lattice distortions in(Ti_(0.2)Zr_(0.2)Hf_(0.2)Nb_(0.2)Ta_(0.2))B_(2) is not so severe as expected.With the new paradigm of machine learning potential,deep insight into high entropy materials can be achieved in the future,since the chemical and structural complexly in high entropy materials can be well handled by machine learning potential.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation(Nos.52275565 and 62104155)of ChinaNatural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2022A1515011667)Guangdong Kangyi Special Fund(No.2020KZDZX1173)。
文摘Pt-modified amorphous alloy(Pt@PdNiCuP)catalyst exhibits excellent electro-catalytic activity and high experimental durability for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).However,the physical origin of the catalytically active remains unclear.In this paper,we constructed a distance contribution descriptor(DCD)for the feature engineering of machine learning(ML)potential,and calculated the Gibbs free energies(ΔGH)of 46,000*H binding sites on the Pt@Pd Ni Cu P surface by ML-accelerated density functional theory(DFT).The relationship betweenΔGHand DCD revealed that in the H-Pt distance region of 2.0-2.5 A where the parabolic tail and disordered scatters coexist,the H-metal bonding configuration is mainly the bridge-or hollow-bonding type.The contribution analysis of DCD indicates that the joint effect of Pt,Pd and Ni atoms determines the catalytical behavior of amorphous alloy,which agrees well with experimental results.By counting atomic percentages in different energy intervals,we obtained the atomic ratio for the best catalytic performance(Pt:Pd:Ni:Cu:P=0.33:0.17:0.155:0.16:0.185).Projected density of states(PDOS)show that H 1s orbital,Pt 5d orbital,and Pd 4d orbital form a bonding state at-2 e V.These results provide new ideas for designing more active amorphous alloy catalysts.
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFB2204500).
文摘Two-dimensional black phosphorus(2D BP),well known as phosphorene,has triggered tremendous attention since the first discovery in 2014.The unique puckered monolayer structure endows 2D BP intriguing properties,which facilitate its potential applications in various fields,such as catalyst,energy storage,sensor,etc.Owing to the large surface area,good electric conductivity,and high theoretical specific capacity,2D BP has been widely studied as electrode materials and significantly enhanced the performance of energy storage devices.With the rapid development of energy storage devices based on 2D BP,a timely review on this topic is in demand to further extend the application of 2D BP in energy storage.In this review,recent advances in experimental and theoretical development of 2D BP are presented along with its structures,properties,and synthetic methods.Particularly,their emerging applications in electrochemical energy storage,including Li−/K−/Mg−/Na-ion,Li–S batteries,and supercapacitors,are systematically summarized with milestones as well as the challenges.Benefited from the fast-growing dynamic investigation of 2D BP,some possible improvements and constructive perspectives are provided to guide the design of 2D BP-based energy storage devices with high performance.
基金support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52275565,NSFC-JSPS:52011540005,and 62104155)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2022A1515011667)the Guangdong Kangyi Special Fund(Grant No.2020KZDZX1173).
文摘A fundamental problem in the direct manufacturing of flexible devices is the low melting temperature of flexible substrates,which hinders the development of flexible electronics.Proposed here is an electron-cyclotron-resonance sputtering system that can batch-fabricate devices directly on flexible substrates under a low temperature by virtue of the polariton energy transfer between the plasma and the material.Flexible graphene nanosheet-embedded carbon(F-GNEC)films are manufactured directly on polyimide,polyethylene terephthalate,and polydimethylsiloxane,and how the substrate bias(electron energy),microwave power(plasma flux and energy),and magnetic field(electron flux)affect the nanostructure of the F-GNEC films is investigated,indicating that electron energy and flux contribute to the formation of standing graphene nanosheets in the film.The films have good uniformity of distribution in a large size(17 mm×17 mm),and tensile and angle sensors with a high gauge factor(0.92)and fast response(50 ms)for a machine hand are obtained by virtue of the unique nanostructure of the F-GNEC film.This work sheds light on the quantum manufacturing of carbon sensors and its applications for intelligent machine hands and virtual-reality technology.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1203293)the Doctor Foundation of Bingtuan(2013BB010)the Foundation of Young Scientist in Shihezi University(2013ZRKXJQ03)
文摘Herein, lanthanum was incorporated via hydrothermal synthesis into a MCM-41 framework structure with La/Si molar ratios from 0.01 to 0.1. Samples of NiO supported on LaMCM-41 were prepared using the impregnation method. The catalyst performance was evaluated using a fixed bed CO methanation reactor. A Ni/LaMCM-41 catalyst with La/Si = 0.1 shows the best catalytic performance with a CO conversion of almost 100% and a CH4 selectivity of 89.5% at 250 ℃ under a pressure of 1.5 MPa and at an airspeed of 36,000 mL/（g·h）. Compared with Ni-La/MCM-41（La/Si = 0.1） and Ni/MCM-41 prepared via the impregnation method, Ni/LaMCM-41（La/Si = 0.1） shows a higher CO conversion and CH4 selectivity.In a 100 h stability test, the Ni/LaMCM-41（La/Si = 0.1） catalyst shows excellent stability; furthermore, the CO conversion is always greater than 98.0%, which is significantly better than the results for Ni/MCM-41.We experimentally demonstrate that elemental La enters the framework of MCM-41. The Ni/LaMCM-41 catalyst performs well because the La reduces the average particle size of the NiO particles and enhances the interaction between NiO and MCM-41; moreover, the introduction of La significantly inhibits the sintering of the catalyst and the formation of carbon deposits.
