Dear Editor, Coxsackievirus A16 （CV A16） and enterovirus 71 （EV71） are currently the two primary causative agents of hand- foot-and-mouth disease （HFMD） （Solomon et al., 2010; Mao et al., 2014）, threatening he...Dear Editor, Coxsackievirus A16 （CV A16） and enterovirus 71 （EV71） are currently the two primary causative agents of hand- foot-and-mouth disease （HFMD） （Solomon et al., 2010; Mao et al., 2014）, threatening health of children world- wide. They both belong to the Enterovirus genus of the Picornaviridae family, and have single-stranded positive- sense RNA genomes of about 7.5 kilobases （kb） in length. As with other positive-strand RNA viruses, the genome rep- lication process ofCV A16 is carried out by a membrane- associated replication complex with the virally encoded RNA-dependent RNA polymerase （RdRP） as the essential catalytic enzyme.展开更多
Symbiotic fungi are involved in plant flooding tolerance,while the underlying mechanism is not yet known.Since polyamines(PAs)and proline are also associated with stress tolerance,it is hypothesized that the enhanceme...Symbiotic fungi are involved in plant flooding tolerance,while the underlying mechanism is not yet known.Since polyamines(PAs)and proline are also associated with stress tolerance,it is hypothesized that the enhancement of stress resistance by symbiotic fungi is associated with changes in PAs and/or proline.The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of inoculation with Funneliformis mosseae and Serendipita indica on plant growth,PAs,and proline and the metabolisms in peach(Prunus persica)under flooding.Two-week flooding did not affect root colonization frequence of F.mosseae,while it promoted root colonization frequence of S.indica.Under flooding,plants inoculated with F.mosseae and S.indica maintained relatively higher growth rates than uninoculated plants.Funneliformis mosseae promoted root ornithine(Orn)contentration and arginine(Arg)and Orn decarboxylase activities under flooding,which promoted putrescine(Put),cadaverine(Cad),and spermidine(Spd)contentrations.Conversely,S.indica decreased contentrations of Arg,Orn,and agmatine and Arg decarboxylase activities,thus decreasing PA contentrations under flooding.Polyamines were negatively correlated with the expression of PA uptake transporter genes,PpPUT1 and PpPUT2,in peach.Polyamine transporter genes of F.mosseae(FmTPO)and S.indica(SiTPO)were regulated by flooding,of which FmTPO1 was positively correlated with Put,Cad,and Spd,along with positive correlations of Spd with SiTPO1,SiTPO2,and SiTPO4.Under flooding,F.mosseae decreased proline concentration,while S.indica increased proline concentration and correlated with expression of a△^(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase gene,PpP5CS2.It was thus concluded that F.mosseae modulated polyamine accumulation,while S.indica induced proline accumulation to tolerate flooding.展开更多
Dear Editor, In recent years, post-translational modifications （PTMs） by small ubiquitin-related modifiers （SUMOs） have emerged as an important regulatory mechanism for both cellular and viral processes （Ribet an...Dear Editor, In recent years, post-translational modifications （PTMs） by small ubiquitin-related modifiers （SUMOs） have emerged as an important regulatory mechanism for both cellular and viral processes （Ribet and Cossart, 2010）. Identifying the SUMOylation sites of the target protein is important to understand the molecular mechanism under- lying SUMO modification and virus-host interactions, as well as provide new insights into antiviral drug develop- ment （Wimmer and Schreiner, 2015）. Traditional site- directed mutagenesis for identifying viral protein SUMO- ylation sites lacks a specific aim and is laborious （McManus et al., 2016）. Recently, mass spectrometry （MS） has been employed as an accurate and sensitive tool to identify PTM sites, thereby greatly expanding the number of known SUMOylated proteins （Pedrioli et al., 2006）. However, during viral infection, SUMOylation is highly dynamic and SUMOylated viral proteins often have low abundance, which makes studying SUMOylation under natural conditions difficult.展开更多
In this work, we recover cobalt from waste 18650-type lithiumion batteries by acid leaching. The cathode material is completely dissolved, after leaching waste batteries by using 10 mol/L industrial sulfuric acid at 7...In this work, we recover cobalt from waste 18650-type lithiumion batteries by acid leaching. The cathode material is completely dissolved, after leaching waste batteries by using 10 mol/L industrial sulfuric acid at 70℃ for 1 h. The rate of cobalt leaching is nearly 100%. Removal of sodium carbonate, iron, aluminum and other impurities from the leaching solution was well performed by adjusting the pH to 2-3 with stirring vigorously. Finally, under the conditions of 55℃-60℃ of 240 A/m2 current density, electrodeposition current efficiency was 90.01%, the quality of the electrical output achieved cobalt 1A standard electrolytic cobalt, cobalt until greater than 90% yield. The process is easy and suitable for large-scale lithiumion batteries used in the recovery of valuable metals.展开更多
Tumor vascular dysfunction and immune suppression predict poor outcomes of tumor therapy.Combination of photothermal therapy(PTT)and vessel normalization with tumor immunotherapy is promising to augment antitumor bene...Tumor vascular dysfunction and immune suppression predict poor outcomes of tumor therapy.Combination of photothermal therapy(PTT)and vessel normalization with tumor immunotherapy is promising to augment antitumor benefit.Herein,we develop a potential immunostimulatory nanomodulator for treatment of triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)treatment via synergism of PTT,vessel normalization,and priming of tumoral suppressive immune microenvironment by blocking transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)pathway.The nanomodulator,namely Vac@Apt@BPs,is developed by conjugation of TGF-βinhibitor Vactosertib(Vac)and nucleolin-recognizing aptamer(Apt)on the surface of black phosphorus nanoparticles(BPs).Vac@Apt@BPs show good accumulation in TNBC via aptamer-induced active targeting of TNBC.Via the blockade of TGF-βsignaling,Vac@Apt@BPs effectively inhibit the formation of tumor neovascular,and normalize the vessels to recover vascular integrity and alleviate the hypoxia stress.Together with the tumor eradication and immunogenic cell death via PTT,robust immune response was boosted by promoted maturation of dendritic cells,suppression of regulatory T cells,and stimulation of effective T cells.This synergistic therapeutic strategy potentially suppresses the growth of TNBC in mice.展开更多
针对对外直接投资(Outward Foreign Direct Investment,OFDI)区位选择呈现出向高政治风险地区发展的新态势,不同于以跨国公司"同质性"因素和单一属性特征的"异质性"因素为视角的已有研究,本研究进一步以跨国公司核...针对对外直接投资(Outward Foreign Direct Investment,OFDI)区位选择呈现出向高政治风险地区发展的新态势,不同于以跨国公司"同质性"因素和单一属性特征的"异质性"因素为视角的已有研究,本研究进一步以跨国公司核心战略决策者双重属性特征的"异质性"因素--高管团队管理认知断裂带为视角,选择2013~2017年进入"一带一路"沿线国家的中国跨国公司OFDI事件为研究样本,基于高阶理论和群体断裂带理论,使用Logit回归方法检验高管团队管理认知断裂带对OFDI高政治风险区位选择的影响。研究结果表明,高管团队管理认知断裂带与OFDI高政治风险区位选择之间呈倒U型关系;所有权性质对高管团队管理认知断裂带与跨国公司OFDI高政治风险区位选择之间的倒U型关系具有部分调节作用,当所有权性质为民营跨国公司时,强化高管团队管理认知断裂带与跨国公司OFDI高政治风险区位选择之间的倒U型关系,即倒U型更加陡峭。本研究丰富了高管团队管理认知断裂带与OFDI政治风险区位选择领域的文献,对跨国公司从公司治理角度合理配置高管团队结构,进而做出OFDI高政治风险区位选择科学决策具有借鉴意义。展开更多
Aims Identifying the potential role of vegetation context(defined as the density,species identity/diversity and height of co-occurring plants)in modifying selection on floral traits is a critical step for clarifying a...Aims Identifying the potential role of vegetation context(defined as the density,species identity/diversity and height of co-occurring plants)in modifying selection on floral traits is a critical step for clarifying and predicting the floral evolutionary trajectory in complex co-flowering species competition environments.It is also helpful to understand the variation in pollinator-mediated selection.Methods We experimentally reduced vegetation height around individual plants of Spiranthes sinensis(a bumblebee-pollinated perennial orchid herb)and estimated how vegetation context modified selection on four floral traits(flowering start,plant height,corolla size and number of flowers)through female function and pollen removal over two continuous years.We randomly selected independent plants in each year.Important Findings We demonstrated that vegetation context modified selection for earlier flowering start and shorter plant height of S.sinensis.The strength of selection differed between years.In addition,selection was stronger through female function than through pollen removal.Our findings indicate the potential role of vegetation context in shaping the differentiation and diversification of flowers in angiosperms.展开更多
文摘Dear Editor, Coxsackievirus A16 （CV A16） and enterovirus 71 （EV71） are currently the two primary causative agents of hand- foot-and-mouth disease （HFMD） （Solomon et al., 2010; Mao et al., 2014）, threatening health of children world- wide. They both belong to the Enterovirus genus of the Picornaviridae family, and have single-stranded positive- sense RNA genomes of about 7.5 kilobases （kb） in length. As with other positive-strand RNA viruses, the genome rep- lication process ofCV A16 is carried out by a membrane- associated replication complex with the virally encoded RNA-dependent RNA polymerase （RdRP） as the essential catalytic enzyme.
基金supported by the Open Fund of Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland,Ministry of Education,China(No.KFT202005)。
文摘Symbiotic fungi are involved in plant flooding tolerance,while the underlying mechanism is not yet known.Since polyamines(PAs)and proline are also associated with stress tolerance,it is hypothesized that the enhancement of stress resistance by symbiotic fungi is associated with changes in PAs and/or proline.The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of inoculation with Funneliformis mosseae and Serendipita indica on plant growth,PAs,and proline and the metabolisms in peach(Prunus persica)under flooding.Two-week flooding did not affect root colonization frequence of F.mosseae,while it promoted root colonization frequence of S.indica.Under flooding,plants inoculated with F.mosseae and S.indica maintained relatively higher growth rates than uninoculated plants.Funneliformis mosseae promoted root ornithine(Orn)contentration and arginine(Arg)and Orn decarboxylase activities under flooding,which promoted putrescine(Put),cadaverine(Cad),and spermidine(Spd)contentrations.Conversely,S.indica decreased contentrations of Arg,Orn,and agmatine and Arg decarboxylase activities,thus decreasing PA contentrations under flooding.Polyamines were negatively correlated with the expression of PA uptake transporter genes,PpPUT1 and PpPUT2,in peach.Polyamine transporter genes of F.mosseae(FmTPO)and S.indica(SiTPO)were regulated by flooding,of which FmTPO1 was positively correlated with Put,Cad,and Spd,along with positive correlations of Spd with SiTPO1,SiTPO2,and SiTPO4.Under flooding,F.mosseae decreased proline concentration,while S.indica increased proline concentration and correlated with expression of a△^(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase gene,PpP5CS2.It was thus concluded that F.mosseae modulated polyamine accumulation,while S.indica induced proline accumulation to tolerate flooding.
文摘Dear Editor, In recent years, post-translational modifications （PTMs） by small ubiquitin-related modifiers （SUMOs） have emerged as an important regulatory mechanism for both cellular and viral processes （Ribet and Cossart, 2010）. Identifying the SUMOylation sites of the target protein is important to understand the molecular mechanism under- lying SUMO modification and virus-host interactions, as well as provide new insights into antiviral drug develop- ment （Wimmer and Schreiner, 2015）. Traditional site- directed mutagenesis for identifying viral protein SUMO- ylation sites lacks a specific aim and is laborious （McManus et al., 2016）. Recently, mass spectrometry （MS） has been employed as an accurate and sensitive tool to identify PTM sites, thereby greatly expanding the number of known SUMOylated proteins （Pedrioli et al., 2006）. However, during viral infection, SUMOylation is highly dynamic and SUMOylated viral proteins often have low abundance, which makes studying SUMOylation under natural conditions difficult.
文摘In this work, we recover cobalt from waste 18650-type lithiumion batteries by acid leaching. The cathode material is completely dissolved, after leaching waste batteries by using 10 mol/L industrial sulfuric acid at 70℃ for 1 h. The rate of cobalt leaching is nearly 100%. Removal of sodium carbonate, iron, aluminum and other impurities from the leaching solution was well performed by adjusting the pH to 2-3 with stirring vigorously. Finally, under the conditions of 55℃-60℃ of 240 A/m2 current density, electrodeposition current efficiency was 90.01%, the quality of the electrical output achieved cobalt 1A standard electrolytic cobalt, cobalt until greater than 90% yield. The process is easy and suitable for large-scale lithiumion batteries used in the recovery of valuable metals.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32000931,81672632,81972312,and 82103184)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province for outstanding Young Scholars(No.2021JJ20083)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province of China(Nos.2021JJ30912,2021JJ40720 and 2021JJ30950)the science and technology innovation Program of Hunan Province(No.2022RC1165)the Open Sharing Fund for the Largescale Instruments and Equipment of Central South University,Changsha,China.
文摘Tumor vascular dysfunction and immune suppression predict poor outcomes of tumor therapy.Combination of photothermal therapy(PTT)and vessel normalization with tumor immunotherapy is promising to augment antitumor benefit.Herein,we develop a potential immunostimulatory nanomodulator for treatment of triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)treatment via synergism of PTT,vessel normalization,and priming of tumoral suppressive immune microenvironment by blocking transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)pathway.The nanomodulator,namely Vac@Apt@BPs,is developed by conjugation of TGF-βinhibitor Vactosertib(Vac)and nucleolin-recognizing aptamer(Apt)on the surface of black phosphorus nanoparticles(BPs).Vac@Apt@BPs show good accumulation in TNBC via aptamer-induced active targeting of TNBC.Via the blockade of TGF-βsignaling,Vac@Apt@BPs effectively inhibit the formation of tumor neovascular,and normalize the vessels to recover vascular integrity and alleviate the hypoxia stress.Together with the tumor eradication and immunogenic cell death via PTT,robust immune response was boosted by promoted maturation of dendritic cells,suppression of regulatory T cells,and stimulation of effective T cells.This synergistic therapeutic strategy potentially suppresses the growth of TNBC in mice.
文摘针对对外直接投资(Outward Foreign Direct Investment,OFDI)区位选择呈现出向高政治风险地区发展的新态势,不同于以跨国公司"同质性"因素和单一属性特征的"异质性"因素为视角的已有研究,本研究进一步以跨国公司核心战略决策者双重属性特征的"异质性"因素--高管团队管理认知断裂带为视角,选择2013~2017年进入"一带一路"沿线国家的中国跨国公司OFDI事件为研究样本,基于高阶理论和群体断裂带理论,使用Logit回归方法检验高管团队管理认知断裂带对OFDI高政治风险区位选择的影响。研究结果表明,高管团队管理认知断裂带与OFDI高政治风险区位选择之间呈倒U型关系;所有权性质对高管团队管理认知断裂带与跨国公司OFDI高政治风险区位选择之间的倒U型关系具有部分调节作用,当所有权性质为民营跨国公司时,强化高管团队管理认知断裂带与跨国公司OFDI高政治风险区位选择之间的倒U型关系,即倒U型更加陡峭。本研究丰富了高管团队管理认知断裂带与OFDI政治风险区位选择领域的文献,对跨国公司从公司治理角度合理配置高管团队结构,进而做出OFDI高政治风险区位选择科学决策具有借鉴意义。
基金This research was supported by the Funds of the Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province(2019YJ0393,2020YFSO309)Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China and Yunnan Provincial Government(U1602263).
文摘Aims Identifying the potential role of vegetation context(defined as the density,species identity/diversity and height of co-occurring plants)in modifying selection on floral traits is a critical step for clarifying and predicting the floral evolutionary trajectory in complex co-flowering species competition environments.It is also helpful to understand the variation in pollinator-mediated selection.Methods We experimentally reduced vegetation height around individual plants of Spiranthes sinensis(a bumblebee-pollinated perennial orchid herb)and estimated how vegetation context modified selection on four floral traits(flowering start,plant height,corolla size and number of flowers)through female function and pollen removal over two continuous years.We randomly selected independent plants in each year.Important Findings We demonstrated that vegetation context modified selection for earlier flowering start and shorter plant height of S.sinensis.The strength of selection differed between years.In addition,selection was stronger through female function than through pollen removal.Our findings indicate the potential role of vegetation context in shaping the differentiation and diversification of flowers in angiosperms.
