Objective:This study aimed to estimate the incidence rate and clinical characteristics of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)in the Chinese population,specially comparing the North and South regions.Methods:We designed a ...Objective:This study aimed to estimate the incidence rate and clinical characteristics of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)in the Chinese population,specially comparing the North and South regions.Methods:We designed a questionnaire survey for patients diagnosed with IBD and conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed,China National Knowledge Internet,and Wanfang digital database,covering studies published between 2012 and 2022.Meta-analysis was performed to determine the overall incidence rate and prevalence of clinical manifestations of Crohn's disease(CD)and ulcerative colitis(UC)in China's Mainland.Clinical phenotypes and demographic characteristics were calculated with 95%confidence intervals(CI).A comparison between the northern and southern regions was also conducted.Results:The questionnaire survey included 440 patients,and 64 publications were included for Meta-analysis.The overall incidence rates of IBD,CD,and UC were 1.36(95%CI:0.79-2.33)per 100,000 person-years,0.23(95%CI:0.09-0.58)per 100,000 person-years,and 1.12(95%CI:0.69-1.80)per 100,000 person-years,respectively.The incidence rates of IBD,CD,and UC were all higher in southern China compared to the North.Clinical characteristics of 440 IBD patients from the questionnaire and 2,821 CD patients and 12,809 UC patients from the literature were analyzed.There were more male patients compared to female patients.CD cases in the North exhibited earlier disease diagnosis(P<0.01),more upper gastrointestinal lesions(P<0.01),and higher hospitalizations rates(P<0.01)compared to the South.UC cases in the North had higher severity(P<0.01),anemia rates(P<0.01),and weight loss(P<0.01)compared to the South.Conclusions:The incidence rates of IBD,CD,and UC were higher in southern China than in the North.Northern patients exhibited more severe symptoms compared to their southern counterparts.展开更多
High-finesse optical reference cavities are essential tools for fundamental research.In response to China’s historical reliance on importing high-finesse optical reference cavities,we successfully developed a cavity ...High-finesse optical reference cavities are essential tools for fundamental research.In response to China’s historical reliance on importing high-finesse optical reference cavities,we successfully developed a cavity using ultralow expansion glass(ULE)materials and processed it entirely in China.Using the method of measuring the cavity linewidth,a finesse of approximately 480000 was obtained in our experiments.We adopted a relatively simple and effective approach to test the optical reference cavity,which involved measuring the resonant points using an ultrastable laser.Remarkably,an expansion coefficient of the Chinese ULE optical reference cavity reached up to the order of 10^(-9)/K within the temperature range of 27℃to 40℃,with the zero expansion point occurring at approximately 34oC.These findings demonstrate China’s independent capability to develop high-finesse optical reference cavities,which is a significant advancement in precision optics.展开更多
Exotic plant invasions and increased atmospheric carbon dioxide(CO_(2))concentration have been determined to independently affect soil nematodes,a key component of soil biota.However,little is known about the long-ter...Exotic plant invasions and increased atmospheric carbon dioxide(CO_(2))concentration have been determined to independently affect soil nematodes,a key component of soil biota.However,little is known about the long-term effects of these two global change factors and their interactive effects.Over three consecutive years,we cultivated invasive alien plant Xanthium strumarium and its two phylogenetically related natives under both ambient(aCO_(2))and elevated(eCO_(2))atmospheric CO_(2)concentrations,and determined the effects of the invader and natives on soil nematodes under different CO_(2)concentrations and the relevant mechanism.The abundance of total soil nematodes and that of the dominant trophic group(herbivores)were significantly affected by plant species and CO_(2)concentration,and these effects were dependent on the experimental duration,however,the Shannon-diversity of nematodes was not affected by these factors.Under aCO_(2),both invasive and native species significantly increased the total nematode abundance and that of the dominant trophic group with increasing experimental duration,and the amplitude of the increase was greater under the invader relative to the natives.The eCO_(2)increased total nematode abundance(second year)and that of the dominant trophic group(third year)under the invader,but not under the natives(or even decreased)with increasing experimental duration.Root litter had greater effects on soil nematode abundance than leaf litter and root exudates did.This study indicates that eCO_(2)would aggravate effects of invasive plants on soil nematodes by increasing abundance,and these effects would vary with the duration.展开更多
Rivers are crucial in the spread of invasive plants.Invasive plants alter their seed traits to adapt to environmental changes and promote invasion.Studying the trait changes in invasive plant seeds may improve the und...Rivers are crucial in the spread of invasive plants.Invasive plants alter their seed traits to adapt to environmental changes and promote invasion.Studying the trait changes in invasive plant seeds may improve the understanding of their propagation mechanisms along the river and provide appropriate control measures.In this study,seven Ambrosia trifida populations along the Liaohe River were used as study subjects.The results showed that the seven A.trifida populations were closely related and exhibited a certain gene exchange,but the absence of evidence of directed gene flow among populations did not confirm that rivers were the medium of seed dispersal of A.trifida.Along the Liaohe River,from top to bottom,the positive view area,length,width,perimeter,and thousand seed weight of A.trifida seeds showed an increasing trend.The total nitrogen and phosphorus contents in the river water of the A.trifida population in the lower reaches of the Liaohe River were higher than those at the other sites.Furthermore,along the river,from top to bottom,the available nitrogen,total nitrogen,total potassium,available potassium,and organic matter contents in the soil in which A.trifida populations grew showed significant increasing trends.River structure,water quality,and soil nutrients had direct and indirect effects on seed morphology.Soil total nitrogen,available potassium,and organic matter had significant positive effects on seed positive view area and perimeter,suggesting that the maternal effect played a critical role in shaping seed morphology.Our analysis showed that soil nutrients along the river may be the primary driver that governs changes in A.trifida seed traits.展开更多
BACKGROUND Although accurately evaluating the overall survival(OS)of gastric cancer patients remains difficult,radiomics is considered an important option for studying pro-gnosis.AIM To develop a robust and unbiased b...BACKGROUND Although accurately evaluating the overall survival(OS)of gastric cancer patients remains difficult,radiomics is considered an important option for studying pro-gnosis.AIM To develop a robust and unbiased biomarker for predicting OS using machine learning and computed tomography(CT)image radiomics.METHODS This study included 181 stage II/III gastric cancer patients,141 from Lichuan People's Hospital,and 40 from the Cancer Imaging Archive(TCIA).Primary tumors in the preoperative unenhanced CT images were outlined as regions of interest(ROI),and approximately 1700 radiomics features were extracted from each ROI.The skeletal muscle index(SMI)and skeletal muscle density(SMD)were measured using CT images from the lower margin of the third lumbar vertebra.Using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression with 5-fold cross-validation,36 radiomics features were identified as important predictors,and the OS-associated CT image radiomics score(OACRS)was cal-culated for each patient using these important predictors.RESULTS Patients with a high OACRS had a poorer prognosis than those with a low OACRS score(P<0.05)and those in the TCIA cohort.Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that OACRS was a risk factor[RR=3.023(1.896-4.365),P<0.001]independent of SMI,SMD,and pathological features.Moreover,OACRS outperformed SMI and SMD and could improve OS prediction(P<0.05).CONCLUSION A novel biomarker based on machine learning and radiomics was developed that exhibited exceptional OS discrimination potential.展开更多
With advances in biomedical methods, tissue-engineered materials have developed rapidly as an alternative to nerve autografts for the repair of peripheral nerve injuries. However, the materials selected for use in the...With advances in biomedical methods, tissue-engineered materials have developed rapidly as an alternative to nerve autografts for the repair of peripheral nerve injuries. However, the materials selected for use in the repair of peripheral nerve injuries, in particular multiple injuries and largegap defects, must be chosen carefully. Various methods and materials for protecting the healthy tissue and repairing peripheral nerve injuries have been described, and each method or material has advantages and disadvantages. Recently, a large amount of research has been focused on tissue-engineered materials for the repair of peripheral nerve injuries. Using the keywords ＂peripheral nerve injury＂, ＂autotransplant＂, ＂nerve graft＂, and ＂biomaterial＂, we retrieved publications using tissue-engineered materials for the repair of peripheral nerve injuries appearing in the Web of Science from 2010 to 2014. The country with the most total publications was the USA. The institutions that were the most productive in this field include Hannover Medical School （Germany）, Washington University （USA）, and Nantong University （China）. The total number of publications using tissue-engineered materials for the repair of peripheral nerve injuries grad- ually increased over time, as did the number of Chinese publications, suggesting that China has made many scientific contributions to this field of research.展开更多
Neurogenic bladder is a dysfunction of the lower urinary tract caused by nervous system disor- der. We investigated the trends in publication of articles under the topic ＂neurogenic bladder＂ using bibliometric analy...Neurogenic bladder is a dysfunction of the lower urinary tract caused by nervous system disor- der. We investigated the trends in publication of articles under the topic ＂neurogenic bladder＂ using bibliometric analysis. Articles on neurogenic bladder, published between 1995 and 2014, were retrieved from the ISI Web of Science citation database. We analyzed the search results for authors, countries, institutions, journals, and top-cited papers. A total of 1,904 articles were re- trieved. There was a small increase in the number of articles on neurogenic bladder from 1995 （n = 43） to 2014 （n = 117）. The USA was the leading country in the total number of articles （n = 598）. However, the number of publications from China has rapidly increased, and China was ranked second in 2014. Emmanuel Chartier-Kastler （n = 65） was the most productive author, and University of Paris VI （Paris 6） （n = 61） was the most productive institution. The Journal of Urology published the greatest number of artides on this topic （n = 285）. Articles on neurogenic bladder were often published in a professional journal under the category Urology ＆ Nephrology, Neurosciences ＆ Neurology, or Rehabilitation. Visualization analysis based on co-citation networks was conducted using CiteSpace III. Visualization analysis revealed that the hot spots in neurogenic bladder were botulinum toxin-A, prazosin, bethanechol, and afferent pathways. These findings provide new insight into the publication trends and hot spots in neurogenic bladder.展开更多
Marine biogenic emission of dimethylsulfi de(DMS)has been well recognized as the main natural source of reduced sulfur to the remote marine atmosphere and has the potential to aff ect climate,especially in the polar r...Marine biogenic emission of dimethylsulfi de(DMS)has been well recognized as the main natural source of reduced sulfur to the remote marine atmosphere and has the potential to aff ect climate,especially in the polar regions.We used a global climate model(GCM)to investigate the impact on atmospheric chemistry from a change to the contemporary DMS fl ux to that which has been projected for the late 21 st century.The perturbed simulation corresponded to conditions that pertained to a tripling of equivalent CO 2,which was estimated to occur by year 2090 based on current worst-case greenhouse gas emission scenarios.The changes in zonal mean DMS fl ux were applied to 50°S–70°S Antarctic(ANT)and 65°N–80°N Arctic(ARC)regions.The results indicate that there are clearly diff erent impacts after perturbation in the southern and northern polar regions.Most quantities related to the sulfur cycle show a higher increase in ANT.However,most sulfur compounds have higher peaks in ARC.The perturbation in DMS fl ux leads to an increase of atmospheric DMS of about 45%in ANT and 33.6%in ARC.The sulfur dioxide(SO 2)vertical integral increases around 43%in ANT and 7.5%in ARC.Sulfate(SO 4)vertical integral increases by 17%in ANT and increases around 6%in ARC.Sulfur emissions increases by 21%in ANT and increases by 9.7%in ARC.However,oxidation of DMS by OH increases by 38.2%in ARC and by 15.17%in ANT.Aerosol optical depth(AOD)increases by 4%in the ARC and by 17.5%in the ANT,and increases by 22.8%in austral summer.The importance of the perturbation of the biogenic source to future aerosol burden in polar regions leads to a cooling in surface temperature of 1 K in the ANT and 0.8 K in the ARC.Generally,polar regions in the Antarctic Ocean will have a higher off setting eff ect on warming after DMS fl ux perturbation.展开更多
BACKGROUND Glaucoma is an irreversible optic neuropathy with the loss of visual field and decrease of vision.The variable clinical manifestations may result in differential diagnostic difficulties.The early screening ...BACKGROUND Glaucoma is an irreversible optic neuropathy with the loss of visual field and decrease of vision.The variable clinical manifestations may result in differential diagnostic difficulties.The early screening and diagnosis of glaucoma are currently experiencing a demand for anterior segment analysis tools that can gather more information with one short measurement.Therefore,we analyzed the agreement,difference,and correlation of chamber angle parameters such as angel opening distance at 500μm(AOD500)and trabeculo-iris space area at 500μm^2(TISA500)measured by anterior segment optical coherence tomography(ASOCT)and ultrasound biomicroscopy(UBM).AIM To compare the differences,correlation,and agreement in measuring AOD500 and TISA500 by AS-OCT and UBM.METHODS Both AS-OCT and UBM were performed to measure AOD500 and TISA500 in 45 subjects(72 eyes).All subjects without glaucoma were collected from October 2015 to August 2016 at the Ophthalmology Department of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University.Data of the two groups(AOD500 and TISA500)were compared by nonparametric tests.Pearson correlative analysis and Bland-Altman analysis were used to compare the correlation and agreement.RESULTS There were no significant differences between AS-OCT and UBM in measuring AOD500(P1=0.110,P2=0.633,P3=0.078,and P4=0.474)and TISA500(P1=0.584,P2=0.889,P3=0.297,and P4=0.550)of the four quadrants of the anterior chamber angle.There was a high correlation in measuring AOD500(r1=0.562,r2=0.671,r3=0.635,and r4=0.720;P<0.001)and TISA500(r1=0.584,r2=0.889,r3=0.297,and r4=0.550;P<0.001).There was a good agreement in measuring AOD500 and TISA500 by the two modalities.CONCLUSION There is a high correlation and agreement between AOD500 and TISA500 measurements by AS-OCT and UBM.They are interchangeable under some circumstances.AS-OCT proves to be a better early screening tool for glaucoma.展开更多
The North Atlantic Oscillation （NAO） is one of the major causes of many recent changes in the Arctic Ocean. Generally, it is related to wind speed, sea surface temperature （SST）, and sea ice cover. In this study, ...The North Atlantic Oscillation （NAO） is one of the major causes of many recent changes in the Arctic Ocean. Generally, it is related to wind speed, sea surface temperature （SST）, and sea ice cover. In this study, we analyzed the distributions of and correlations between SST, wind speed, NAO, and sea ice cover from 2003 to 2009 in the Greenland Sea at 10°W to 10°E, 65°N to 80°N. SST reached its peak in July, while wind speed reached its minimum in July. Seasonal variability of SST and wind speed was different for different regions. SST and wind speed mainly had negative correlations. Detailed correlation research was focused on the 75~N to 80~N band. Regression analysis shows that in this band, the variation of SST lagged three months behind that of wind speed Ice cover and NAO had a positive correlation, and the correlation coefficient between ice cover and NAO in the year 2007 was 0.61 SST and NAO also had a positive correlation, and SST influenced NAO one month in advance. The correlation coefficients between SST and NAO reached 0.944 for the year 2005, 0.7 for the year 2008, and 0.74 for the year 2009 after shifting SST one month later. NAO also had a positive correlation with wind speed, and it also influenced wind speed one month in advance. The correlation coefficients between NAO and wind speed reached 0.783, 0.813, and 0.818 for the years 2004, 2005, and 2008, respectively, after shifting wind speed one month earlier.展开更多
AIM：To compare visual prognoses and postoperative adverse events of congenital cataract surgery performed at different times and using different surgical approaches.METHODS：In this prospective,randomized controlled ...AIM：To compare visual prognoses and postoperative adverse events of congenital cataract surgery performed at different times and using different surgical approaches.METHODS：In this prospective,randomized controlled trial,we recruited congenital cataract patients aged 3 mo or younger before cataract surgery.Sixty-one eligible patients were randomly assigned to two groups according to surgical timing：a 3-month-old group and a 6-month-old group.Each eye underwent one of three randomly assigned surgical procedures,as follows：surgery A,lens aspiration（I/A）;surgery B,lens aspiration with posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis（I/A＋PCCC）;and surgery C,lens aspiration with posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis and anterior vitrectomy（I/A＋PCCC＋A-Vit）.The long-term best-corrected visual acuity（BCVA） and the incidence of complications in the different groups were compared and analyzed.RESULTS：A total of 57 participants（114 eyes） with a mean follow-up period of 48.7 mo were included in the final analysis.The overall log MAR BCVA in the 6-month-old group was better than that in the 3-month-old group（0.81±0.28 vs 0.96±0.30;P=0.02）.The overall log MAR BCVA scores in the surgery B group were lower than the scores in the A and C groups（A：0.80±0.29,B：1.02±0.28,and C：0.84±0.28;P=0.007）.A multivariate linear regression revealed no significant relationships between the incidence of complications and long-term BCVA.CONCLUSION：It might be safer and more beneficial for bilateral total congenital cataract patients to undergosurgery at 6 mo of age than 3 mo.Moreover,with rigorous follow-up and timely intervention,the postoperative complications in these patients are treatable and do not compromise visual outcomes.展开更多
Multipath and continuous wave (CW) interference may cause severe performance degradation of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers. This paper analyzes the code tracking performance of early-minus-late po...Multipath and continuous wave (CW) interference may cause severe performance degradation of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers. This paper analyzes the code tracking performance of early-minus-late power (EMLP) discriminator of GNSS receivers in the presence of multipath and CW interference. An analytical expression of the code tracking error is suggested for EMLP discriminator, and it can be used to assess the effect of multipath and CW interference. The derived expression shows that the combined effects include three components: multipath component;CW interference component and the combined component of multipath and CW interference. The effect of these components depends on some factors which can be classified into two categories: the receiving environment and the receiver parameters. Numerical results show how these factors affect the tracking performances. It is shown that the proper receiver parameters can suppress the combined effects of multipath and CW interference.展开更多
BACKGROUND Glaucoma is a group of diseases characterized by a specific pattern of optic nerve neuropathy and retinopathy.Increasing evidence demonstrates glaucoma associated corneal endothelium loss.Direct-compression...BACKGROUND Glaucoma is a group of diseases characterized by a specific pattern of optic nerve neuropathy and retinopathy.Increasing evidence demonstrates glaucoma associated corneal endothelium loss.Direct-compression mechanism due to elevated intraocular pressure(IOP),cell toxicity after long term exposure to preservatives and glaucoma surgery have been reported to be the possible mechanism.Herein,we compare the specular endothelial microscopy in primary open-angle glaucoma(POAG)patients and healthy controls of the same age group to observe the corneal endothelium changes and the correlations to the mean IOP in a Chinese case control study.AIM To investigate corneal endothelial cell density in Chinese patients with POAG.METHODS A case control study was performed on 60 eyes of 60 patients with POAG.Exclusion criteria included history of corneal diseases,intraocular diseases,contact lens use,ocular trauma or surgery(including intraocular surgery and laser treatment),congenital abnormalities or systemic diseases such as diabetes.Intraocular pressure was measured using Goldmann tonometry.Indirect specular microscopy(TOPCON SP-2000P)was performed on central corneas and endothelial images were acquired.Endothelial cell density,area and cell counts were analyzed.RESULTS Endothelial cell density was 2959±236 cells/mm2 in healthy controls and 2757±262 cells/mm2 in patients with POAG.The POAG eyes had significantly lower endothelial cell density compared to healthy control eyes(P<0.001).In the POAG group,endothelial cell density was 2686±233 cells/mm2 in the patients receiving medication and 2856±272 cells/mm2 in the untreated subgroup.The eyes receiving medication had significantly lower endothelial cell density compared to untreated eyes.There was a negative correlation between cell density and mean IOP(r=-0.286,P=0.004),positive correlation between the average cell area and mean IOP(r=0.228,P=0.022),maximum cell area and mean IOP(r=0.218,P=0.029)and minimum cell area and mean IOP(r=0.290,P=0.003).The percentage of hexagonal cells was not correlated with mean IOP.CONCLUSION Patients with POAG have lower corneal endothelial cell density than healthy controls of the same age.This may be attributed to mechanical damage from elevated IOP and toxicity of glaucoma medications.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the treatment pattern and safety of tafluprost for glaucoma and ocular hypertension(OH)in clinical practice in China.METHODS:This post-marketing observational study included patients who received ta...AIM:To investigate the treatment pattern and safety of tafluprost for glaucoma and ocular hypertension(OH)in clinical practice in China.METHODS:This post-marketing observational study included patients who received tafluprost to lower intraocular pressure(IOP)within 30d between September 2017 and March 2020 in 20 hospitals in China.Adverse drug reactions(ADRs)during tafluprost treatment and within 30d after the treatment were collected.RESULTS:A total of 2544 patients were included in this study,of them 58.5%(1488/2544)had primary open angle glaucoma(POAG),21.9%(556/2544)had OH and 19.7%(500/2544)used tafluprost for other reasons.Of 359 ADRs occurred in 10.1%(258/2544)patients,and no serious adverse event occurred.The most common ADR was conjunctival hyperemia(128 ADRs in 124 patients,4.9%).Totally 1670 participants(65.6%)combined tafluprost with carbonic anhydrase inhibitors(CAIs;37.1%,620/1670),sympathomimetics(33.5%,559/1670),β-blockers(33.2%,555/1670),other prostaglandin analogs(PGAs;15.6%,260/1670)and other eye drops(15.1%,253/1670).The highest incidence of conjunctival hyperemia was noted in patients who received tafluprost in combination with other PGAs(23 ADRs in 23 patients,8.8%,23/260)and the lowest was in combination with CAIs(16 ADRs in 16 patients,2.6%,16/620).Tafluprost was applied in primary angle-closure glaucoma(41.6%,208/500),after glaucoma surgery(17.8%,89/500)and after non-glaucoma surgery(15.8%,79/500).CONCLUSION:Tafluprost is safe for POAG and OH,and tolerable when combined with other eye drops and under various clinical circumstances.展开更多
Anaerobic treatment is the core technology for resource and energy recovery from source-separated domestic bio-wastes. The higher efficiency of an improved upflow solid reactor（IUSR） designed in this study was demon...Anaerobic treatment is the core technology for resource and energy recovery from source-separated domestic bio-wastes. The higher efficiency of an improved upflow solid reactor（IUSR） designed in this study was demonstrated in the treatment of concentrated black water and kitchen waste. The highest methane production of 48 L/person/day was achieved at the hydraulic retention time（HRT） of 7 days, while the other measures of performance at the HRT of 8.3 days were better than at the HRT of 7 or 10 days, achieving a methane production of 43 L/person/day, removal of total chemical oxygen demand（TCOD）of 89%, removal of soluble chemical oxygen demand（SCOD） of 92%, and conversion of chemical oxygen demand（COD） to methane of 71%. It is not recommended to decrease HRT lower than 7 days due to the instability of the initial period. The concentrations of volatile fatty acids（VFAs） in the IUSR were less than 10 mg/L, indicating that the anaerobic process was stable. Sludge bed development showed that sludge bed with high microbial activity was formed in the bottom and that the precipitation zone of effluents formed should preferably occupy 30% of the height of the IUSR. The effluents of the IUSR could be used for irrigation in agriculture in combination with a settling tank accompanied by disinfection to remove solids and pathogens.展开更多
This paper proposes and validates a comprehensive model of consumer acceptance in the context of offline e-cash payment.It modifies the unified theory of acceptance and the use of technology model(UTAUT)with construct...This paper proposes and validates a comprehensive model of consumer acceptance in the context of offline e-cash payment.It modifies the unified theory of acceptance and the use of technology model(UTAUT)with constructs of perceived security,cost of use,and government policy.Data collected from 4428 questionnaires about users’attitudes toward e-cash is used to apply a structural equation model which,in turn,assesses the predictive model.The empirical results indicate that perceived security and cost of use are beneficial extensions to the traditional UTAUT model,and intention is a key antecedent to users’actual utilization of e-cash.In addition,the demographic moderators are found to have significant effects on the relations among the variables.These results are useful to e-cash development and significant to the issue of Digital Currency Electronic Payment.展开更多
Perovskite solar cells have drawn extensive attention in the photovoltaic(PV)field due to their rapidly increasing efficiency.Recently,additives have become necessary for the fabrication of highly efficient perovskite...Perovskite solar cells have drawn extensive attention in the photovoltaic(PV)field due to their rapidly increasing efficiency.Recently,additives have become necessary for the fabrication of highly efficient perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Additionally,alkali metal doping has been an effective method to decrease the defect density in the perovskite film.However,the traditional trial-and-error method to find the optimal doping concentration is timeconsuming and needs a significant amount of raw materials.In this work,in order to explore new ways of facilitating the process of finding the optimal doping concentration in perovskite solar cells,we applied a machine learning(ML)approach to assist the optimization of KI doping in MAPbI_(3) solar cells.With the aid of ML technique,we quickly found that 3%KI doping could further improve the efficiency of MAPbI_(3) solar cells.As a result,a highest efficiency of 20.91%has been obtained for MAPbI_(3) solar cells.展开更多
Purpose:.To explore and establish a rational management workflow for a free cataract surgery program for the poor population in urban China, aiming to improve surgical efficiency.Methods:.Establishment of a management...Purpose:.To explore and establish a rational management workflow for a free cataract surgery program for the poor population in urban China, aiming to improve surgical efficiency.Methods:.Establishment of a management workflow mainly includes system design and an auxiliary facility. System design procedures consist of outpatient screening, outpatient physical examination,.surgical procedures,.and postoperative clinic visits. After establishing the management workflow of cataract surgery, a free cataract surgery program was conducted for 15 months.Results: Based upon the established management mode, 9003 patients received preoperative screening and 2358 underwent cataract surgery..During the 15-month investigation,.each procedure was successfully conducted,.the efficiency of screening and operation attained the highest standards in China,.and no surgical malpractice occurred intraoperatively.Conclusion:.In this study,.a management workflow for cataract surgery was designed for a poverty relief project in urban China. During the 15-month project, the degree of patient satisfaction was enhanced without disrupting the normal practice and safety of the sponsor hospital.展开更多
The Xiaolangdi Reservoir has been operated for 23 consecutive years,greatly altering theflow and sediment processes of the Lower Yellow River.Many research have separately analyzed the changes of siltation in reservoi...The Xiaolangdi Reservoir has been operated for 23 consecutive years,greatly altering theflow and sediment processes of the Lower Yellow River.Many research have separately analyzed the changes of siltation in reservoirs and river channels,discharge capacity of the lower river channel,river regime stability,or ecological environmental benefits under water and sediment regulation.However,the multiple changes offlow and sediment transport,ecological environment,and social economy were seldom considered.We systematically and holistically explored the changes of river system in the Lower Yellow River since 2000,based on the channel erosion and siltation,channel morphology,ecosystem patterns and habitat quality,irrigation water scale,and crop production index.The results show that the discharge capacity of the main channel has been recovered significantly at a bankfull discharge of over 4700 m^(3)/s.The ecological pattern in the Lower Yellow River and the delta has been optimized.The wetland and water ecosystem area has been remarkably increased by 125.82%and 318.54%respectively,and the saline-alkali land area has been sharply reduced by 89.65%.The habitat quality has been raised to the highest level in nearly 40 years.The irrigation water volume in the irrigation area of the Lower Yellow River has been increased by 31%,and the grain production has maintained a continuous growth for 16 years.Overall,the coordinated development level offlow and sediment transport,ecological environment and crop production in the Lower Yellow River has been continuously improved from the reluctantly coordinated level(before water and sediment regulation)to the highly coordinated level.展开更多
基金This study is approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University(KY2021-049).
文摘Objective:This study aimed to estimate the incidence rate and clinical characteristics of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)in the Chinese population,specially comparing the North and South regions.Methods:We designed a questionnaire survey for patients diagnosed with IBD and conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed,China National Knowledge Internet,and Wanfang digital database,covering studies published between 2012 and 2022.Meta-analysis was performed to determine the overall incidence rate and prevalence of clinical manifestations of Crohn's disease(CD)and ulcerative colitis(UC)in China's Mainland.Clinical phenotypes and demographic characteristics were calculated with 95%confidence intervals(CI).A comparison between the northern and southern regions was also conducted.Results:The questionnaire survey included 440 patients,and 64 publications were included for Meta-analysis.The overall incidence rates of IBD,CD,and UC were 1.36(95%CI:0.79-2.33)per 100,000 person-years,0.23(95%CI:0.09-0.58)per 100,000 person-years,and 1.12(95%CI:0.69-1.80)per 100,000 person-years,respectively.The incidence rates of IBD,CD,and UC were all higher in southern China compared to the North.Clinical characteristics of 440 IBD patients from the questionnaire and 2,821 CD patients and 12,809 UC patients from the literature were analyzed.There were more male patients compared to female patients.CD cases in the North exhibited earlier disease diagnosis(P<0.01),more upper gastrointestinal lesions(P<0.01),and higher hospitalizations rates(P<0.01)compared to the South.UC cases in the North had higher severity(P<0.01),anemia rates(P<0.01),and weight loss(P<0.01)compared to the South.Conclusions:The incidence rates of IBD,CD,and UC were higher in southern China than in the North.Northern patients exhibited more severe symptoms compared to their southern counterparts.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12103059 and 12033007)the National Major Science and Technology Infrastructure Project of China(Grant No.2017-000052-73-01-002401)+3 种基金Xi’an Science and Technology Bureau(Grant No.E019XK1S04)Sanqin Talents’Special Support Program(Grant No.09R0557A00)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Science(Grant No.1188000XGJ)the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(Grant No.2021ZD0300900)。
文摘High-finesse optical reference cavities are essential tools for fundamental research.In response to China’s historical reliance on importing high-finesse optical reference cavities,we successfully developed a cavity using ultralow expansion glass(ULE)materials and processed it entirely in China.Using the method of measuring the cavity linewidth,a finesse of approximately 480000 was obtained in our experiments.We adopted a relatively simple and effective approach to test the optical reference cavity,which involved measuring the resonant points using an ultrastable laser.Remarkably,an expansion coefficient of the Chinese ULE optical reference cavity reached up to the order of 10^(-9)/K within the temperature range of 27℃to 40℃,with the zero expansion point occurring at approximately 34oC.These findings demonstrate China’s independent capability to develop high-finesse optical reference cavities,which is a significant advancement in precision optics.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFC2604500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32171662,32471753 and 32171666)the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning(2020-MS-199).
文摘Exotic plant invasions and increased atmospheric carbon dioxide(CO_(2))concentration have been determined to independently affect soil nematodes,a key component of soil biota.However,little is known about the long-term effects of these two global change factors and their interactive effects.Over three consecutive years,we cultivated invasive alien plant Xanthium strumarium and its two phylogenetically related natives under both ambient(aCO_(2))and elevated(eCO_(2))atmospheric CO_(2)concentrations,and determined the effects of the invader and natives on soil nematodes under different CO_(2)concentrations and the relevant mechanism.The abundance of total soil nematodes and that of the dominant trophic group(herbivores)were significantly affected by plant species and CO_(2)concentration,and these effects were dependent on the experimental duration,however,the Shannon-diversity of nematodes was not affected by these factors.Under aCO_(2),both invasive and native species significantly increased the total nematode abundance and that of the dominant trophic group with increasing experimental duration,and the amplitude of the increase was greater under the invader relative to the natives.The eCO_(2)increased total nematode abundance(second year)and that of the dominant trophic group(third year)under the invader,but not under the natives(or even decreased)with increasing experimental duration.Root litter had greater effects on soil nematode abundance than leaf litter and root exudates did.This study indicates that eCO_(2)would aggravate effects of invasive plants on soil nematodes by increasing abundance,and these effects would vary with the duration.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF1301004)the National Key R&D Program(2023YFC2604500).
文摘Rivers are crucial in the spread of invasive plants.Invasive plants alter their seed traits to adapt to environmental changes and promote invasion.Studying the trait changes in invasive plant seeds may improve the understanding of their propagation mechanisms along the river and provide appropriate control measures.In this study,seven Ambrosia trifida populations along the Liaohe River were used as study subjects.The results showed that the seven A.trifida populations were closely related and exhibited a certain gene exchange,but the absence of evidence of directed gene flow among populations did not confirm that rivers were the medium of seed dispersal of A.trifida.Along the Liaohe River,from top to bottom,the positive view area,length,width,perimeter,and thousand seed weight of A.trifida seeds showed an increasing trend.The total nitrogen and phosphorus contents in the river water of the A.trifida population in the lower reaches of the Liaohe River were higher than those at the other sites.Furthermore,along the river,from top to bottom,the available nitrogen,total nitrogen,total potassium,available potassium,and organic matter contents in the soil in which A.trifida populations grew showed significant increasing trends.River structure,water quality,and soil nutrients had direct and indirect effects on seed morphology.Soil total nitrogen,available potassium,and organic matter had significant positive effects on seed positive view area and perimeter,suggesting that the maternal effect played a critical role in shaping seed morphology.Our analysis showed that soil nutrients along the river may be the primary driver that governs changes in A.trifida seed traits.
文摘BACKGROUND Although accurately evaluating the overall survival(OS)of gastric cancer patients remains difficult,radiomics is considered an important option for studying pro-gnosis.AIM To develop a robust and unbiased biomarker for predicting OS using machine learning and computed tomography(CT)image radiomics.METHODS This study included 181 stage II/III gastric cancer patients,141 from Lichuan People's Hospital,and 40 from the Cancer Imaging Archive(TCIA).Primary tumors in the preoperative unenhanced CT images were outlined as regions of interest(ROI),and approximately 1700 radiomics features were extracted from each ROI.The skeletal muscle index(SMI)and skeletal muscle density(SMD)were measured using CT images from the lower margin of the third lumbar vertebra.Using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression with 5-fold cross-validation,36 radiomics features were identified as important predictors,and the OS-associated CT image radiomics score(OACRS)was cal-culated for each patient using these important predictors.RESULTS Patients with a high OACRS had a poorer prognosis than those with a low OACRS score(P<0.05)and those in the TCIA cohort.Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that OACRS was a risk factor[RR=3.023(1.896-4.365),P<0.001]independent of SMI,SMD,and pathological features.Moreover,OACRS outperformed SMI and SMD and could improve OS prediction(P<0.05).CONCLUSION A novel biomarker based on machine learning and radiomics was developed that exhibited exceptional OS discrimination potential.
文摘With advances in biomedical methods, tissue-engineered materials have developed rapidly as an alternative to nerve autografts for the repair of peripheral nerve injuries. However, the materials selected for use in the repair of peripheral nerve injuries, in particular multiple injuries and largegap defects, must be chosen carefully. Various methods and materials for protecting the healthy tissue and repairing peripheral nerve injuries have been described, and each method or material has advantages and disadvantages. Recently, a large amount of research has been focused on tissue-engineered materials for the repair of peripheral nerve injuries. Using the keywords ＂peripheral nerve injury＂, ＂autotransplant＂, ＂nerve graft＂, and ＂biomaterial＂, we retrieved publications using tissue-engineered materials for the repair of peripheral nerve injuries appearing in the Web of Science from 2010 to 2014. The country with the most total publications was the USA. The institutions that were the most productive in this field include Hannover Medical School （Germany）, Washington University （USA）, and Nantong University （China）. The total number of publications using tissue-engineered materials for the repair of peripheral nerve injuries grad- ually increased over time, as did the number of Chinese publications, suggesting that China has made many scientific contributions to this field of research.
文摘Neurogenic bladder is a dysfunction of the lower urinary tract caused by nervous system disor- der. We investigated the trends in publication of articles under the topic ＂neurogenic bladder＂ using bibliometric analysis. Articles on neurogenic bladder, published between 1995 and 2014, were retrieved from the ISI Web of Science citation database. We analyzed the search results for authors, countries, institutions, journals, and top-cited papers. A total of 1,904 articles were re- trieved. There was a small increase in the number of articles on neurogenic bladder from 1995 （n = 43） to 2014 （n = 117）. The USA was the leading country in the total number of articles （n = 598）. However, the number of publications from China has rapidly increased, and China was ranked second in 2014. Emmanuel Chartier-Kastler （n = 65） was the most productive author, and University of Paris VI （Paris 6） （n = 61） was the most productive institution. The Journal of Urology published the greatest number of artides on this topic （n = 285）. Articles on neurogenic bladder were often published in a professional journal under the category Urology ＆ Nephrology, Neurosciences ＆ Neurology, or Rehabilitation. Visualization analysis based on co-citation networks was conducted using CiteSpace III. Visualization analysis revealed that the hot spots in neurogenic bladder were botulinum toxin-A, prazosin, bethanechol, and afferent pathways. These findings provide new insight into the publication trends and hot spots in neurogenic bladder.
文摘Marine biogenic emission of dimethylsulfi de(DMS)has been well recognized as the main natural source of reduced sulfur to the remote marine atmosphere and has the potential to aff ect climate,especially in the polar regions.We used a global climate model(GCM)to investigate the impact on atmospheric chemistry from a change to the contemporary DMS fl ux to that which has been projected for the late 21 st century.The perturbed simulation corresponded to conditions that pertained to a tripling of equivalent CO 2,which was estimated to occur by year 2090 based on current worst-case greenhouse gas emission scenarios.The changes in zonal mean DMS fl ux were applied to 50°S–70°S Antarctic(ANT)and 65°N–80°N Arctic(ARC)regions.The results indicate that there are clearly diff erent impacts after perturbation in the southern and northern polar regions.Most quantities related to the sulfur cycle show a higher increase in ANT.However,most sulfur compounds have higher peaks in ARC.The perturbation in DMS fl ux leads to an increase of atmospheric DMS of about 45%in ANT and 33.6%in ARC.The sulfur dioxide(SO 2)vertical integral increases around 43%in ANT and 7.5%in ARC.Sulfate(SO 4)vertical integral increases by 17%in ANT and increases around 6%in ARC.Sulfur emissions increases by 21%in ANT and increases by 9.7%in ARC.However,oxidation of DMS by OH increases by 38.2%in ARC and by 15.17%in ANT.Aerosol optical depth(AOD)increases by 4%in the ARC and by 17.5%in the ANT,and increases by 22.8%in austral summer.The importance of the perturbation of the biogenic source to future aerosol burden in polar regions leads to a cooling in surface temperature of 1 K in the ANT and 0.8 K in the ARC.Generally,polar regions in the Antarctic Ocean will have a higher off setting eff ect on warming after DMS fl ux perturbation.
文摘BACKGROUND Glaucoma is an irreversible optic neuropathy with the loss of visual field and decrease of vision.The variable clinical manifestations may result in differential diagnostic difficulties.The early screening and diagnosis of glaucoma are currently experiencing a demand for anterior segment analysis tools that can gather more information with one short measurement.Therefore,we analyzed the agreement,difference,and correlation of chamber angle parameters such as angel opening distance at 500μm(AOD500)and trabeculo-iris space area at 500μm^2(TISA500)measured by anterior segment optical coherence tomography(ASOCT)and ultrasound biomicroscopy(UBM).AIM To compare the differences,correlation,and agreement in measuring AOD500 and TISA500 by AS-OCT and UBM.METHODS Both AS-OCT and UBM were performed to measure AOD500 and TISA500 in 45 subjects(72 eyes).All subjects without glaucoma were collected from October 2015 to August 2016 at the Ophthalmology Department of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University.Data of the two groups(AOD500 and TISA500)were compared by nonparametric tests.Pearson correlative analysis and Bland-Altman analysis were used to compare the correlation and agreement.RESULTS There were no significant differences between AS-OCT and UBM in measuring AOD500(P1=0.110,P2=0.633,P3=0.078,and P4=0.474)and TISA500(P1=0.584,P2=0.889,P3=0.297,and P4=0.550)of the four quadrants of the anterior chamber angle.There was a high correlation in measuring AOD500(r1=0.562,r2=0.671,r3=0.635,and r4=0.720;P<0.001)and TISA500(r1=0.584,r2=0.889,r3=0.297,and r4=0.550;P<0.001).There was a good agreement in measuring AOD500 and TISA500 by the two modalities.CONCLUSION There is a high correlation and agreement between AOD500 and TISA500 measurements by AS-OCT and UBM.They are interchangeable under some circumstances.AS-OCT proves to be a better early screening tool for glaucoma.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41276097)
文摘The North Atlantic Oscillation （NAO） is one of the major causes of many recent changes in the Arctic Ocean. Generally, it is related to wind speed, sea surface temperature （SST）, and sea ice cover. In this study, we analyzed the distributions of and correlations between SST, wind speed, NAO, and sea ice cover from 2003 to 2009 in the Greenland Sea at 10°W to 10°E, 65°N to 80°N. SST reached its peak in July, while wind speed reached its minimum in July. Seasonal variability of SST and wind speed was different for different regions. SST and wind speed mainly had negative correlations. Detailed correlation research was focused on the 75~N to 80~N band. Regression analysis shows that in this band, the variation of SST lagged three months behind that of wind speed Ice cover and NAO had a positive correlation, and the correlation coefficient between ice cover and NAO in the year 2007 was 0.61 SST and NAO also had a positive correlation, and SST influenced NAO one month in advance. The correlation coefficients between SST and NAO reached 0.944 for the year 2005, 0.7 for the year 2008, and 0.74 for the year 2009 after shifting SST one month later. NAO also had a positive correlation with wind speed, and it also influenced wind speed one month in advance. The correlation coefficients between NAO and wind speed reached 0.783, 0.813, and 0.818 for the years 2004, 2005, and 2008, respectively, after shifting wind speed one month earlier.
基金Supported by the 973 Program(No.2015CB964600)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.91546101+3 种基金No.81300750)the Guangdong Provincial Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.2014A030306030)the Tip-top Scientific and Technical Innovative Youth Talents of Guangdong Special Support Program(No.2014TQ01R573)the Clinical Research and Translational Medical Center of Pediatric Cataracts in Guangzhou(No.201505032017516)
文摘AIM：To compare visual prognoses and postoperative adverse events of congenital cataract surgery performed at different times and using different surgical approaches.METHODS：In this prospective,randomized controlled trial,we recruited congenital cataract patients aged 3 mo or younger before cataract surgery.Sixty-one eligible patients were randomly assigned to two groups according to surgical timing：a 3-month-old group and a 6-month-old group.Each eye underwent one of three randomly assigned surgical procedures,as follows：surgery A,lens aspiration（I/A）;surgery B,lens aspiration with posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis（I/A＋PCCC）;and surgery C,lens aspiration with posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis and anterior vitrectomy（I/A＋PCCC＋A-Vit）.The long-term best-corrected visual acuity（BCVA） and the incidence of complications in the different groups were compared and analyzed.RESULTS：A total of 57 participants（114 eyes） with a mean follow-up period of 48.7 mo were included in the final analysis.The overall log MAR BCVA in the 6-month-old group was better than that in the 3-month-old group（0.81±0.28 vs 0.96±0.30;P=0.02）.The overall log MAR BCVA scores in the surgery B group were lower than the scores in the A and C groups（A：0.80±0.29,B：1.02±0.28,and C：0.84±0.28;P=0.007）.A multivariate linear regression revealed no significant relationships between the incidence of complications and long-term BCVA.CONCLUSION：It might be safer and more beneficial for bilateral total congenital cataract patients to undergosurgery at 6 mo of age than 3 mo.Moreover,with rigorous follow-up and timely intervention,the postoperative complications in these patients are treatable and do not compromise visual outcomes.
文摘Multipath and continuous wave (CW) interference may cause severe performance degradation of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers. This paper analyzes the code tracking performance of early-minus-late power (EMLP) discriminator of GNSS receivers in the presence of multipath and CW interference. An analytical expression of the code tracking error is suggested for EMLP discriminator, and it can be used to assess the effect of multipath and CW interference. The derived expression shows that the combined effects include three components: multipath component;CW interference component and the combined component of multipath and CW interference. The effect of these components depends on some factors which can be classified into two categories: the receiving environment and the receiver parameters. Numerical results show how these factors affect the tracking performances. It is shown that the proper receiver parameters can suppress the combined effects of multipath and CW interference.
文摘BACKGROUND Glaucoma is a group of diseases characterized by a specific pattern of optic nerve neuropathy and retinopathy.Increasing evidence demonstrates glaucoma associated corneal endothelium loss.Direct-compression mechanism due to elevated intraocular pressure(IOP),cell toxicity after long term exposure to preservatives and glaucoma surgery have been reported to be the possible mechanism.Herein,we compare the specular endothelial microscopy in primary open-angle glaucoma(POAG)patients and healthy controls of the same age group to observe the corneal endothelium changes and the correlations to the mean IOP in a Chinese case control study.AIM To investigate corneal endothelial cell density in Chinese patients with POAG.METHODS A case control study was performed on 60 eyes of 60 patients with POAG.Exclusion criteria included history of corneal diseases,intraocular diseases,contact lens use,ocular trauma or surgery(including intraocular surgery and laser treatment),congenital abnormalities or systemic diseases such as diabetes.Intraocular pressure was measured using Goldmann tonometry.Indirect specular microscopy(TOPCON SP-2000P)was performed on central corneas and endothelial images were acquired.Endothelial cell density,area and cell counts were analyzed.RESULTS Endothelial cell density was 2959±236 cells/mm2 in healthy controls and 2757±262 cells/mm2 in patients with POAG.The POAG eyes had significantly lower endothelial cell density compared to healthy control eyes(P<0.001).In the POAG group,endothelial cell density was 2686±233 cells/mm2 in the patients receiving medication and 2856±272 cells/mm2 in the untreated subgroup.The eyes receiving medication had significantly lower endothelial cell density compared to untreated eyes.There was a negative correlation between cell density and mean IOP(r=-0.286,P=0.004),positive correlation between the average cell area and mean IOP(r=0.228,P=0.022),maximum cell area and mean IOP(r=0.218,P=0.029)and minimum cell area and mean IOP(r=0.290,P=0.003).The percentage of hexagonal cells was not correlated with mean IOP.CONCLUSION Patients with POAG have lower corneal endothelial cell density than healthy controls of the same age.This may be attributed to mechanical damage from elevated IOP and toxicity of glaucoma medications.
基金Supported by Santen Pharmaceutical(China)Co.,Ltd.
文摘AIM:To investigate the treatment pattern and safety of tafluprost for glaucoma and ocular hypertension(OH)in clinical practice in China.METHODS:This post-marketing observational study included patients who received tafluprost to lower intraocular pressure(IOP)within 30d between September 2017 and March 2020 in 20 hospitals in China.Adverse drug reactions(ADRs)during tafluprost treatment and within 30d after the treatment were collected.RESULTS:A total of 2544 patients were included in this study,of them 58.5%(1488/2544)had primary open angle glaucoma(POAG),21.9%(556/2544)had OH and 19.7%(500/2544)used tafluprost for other reasons.Of 359 ADRs occurred in 10.1%(258/2544)patients,and no serious adverse event occurred.The most common ADR was conjunctival hyperemia(128 ADRs in 124 patients,4.9%).Totally 1670 participants(65.6%)combined tafluprost with carbonic anhydrase inhibitors(CAIs;37.1%,620/1670),sympathomimetics(33.5%,559/1670),β-blockers(33.2%,555/1670),other prostaglandin analogs(PGAs;15.6%,260/1670)and other eye drops(15.1%,253/1670).The highest incidence of conjunctival hyperemia was noted in patients who received tafluprost in combination with other PGAs(23 ADRs in 23 patients,8.8%,23/260)and the lowest was in combination with CAIs(16 ADRs in 16 patients,2.6%,16/620).Tafluprost was applied in primary angle-closure glaucoma(41.6%,208/500),after glaucoma surgery(17.8%,89/500)and after non-glaucoma surgery(15.8%,79/500).CONCLUSION:Tafluprost is safe for POAG and OH,and tolerable when combined with other eye drops and under various clinical circumstances.
基金supported by the Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment of China (No. 2011ZX07301-003)the National Key Research and Development Plan (No. 2016YFC0400806)
文摘Anaerobic treatment is the core technology for resource and energy recovery from source-separated domestic bio-wastes. The higher efficiency of an improved upflow solid reactor（IUSR） designed in this study was demonstrated in the treatment of concentrated black water and kitchen waste. The highest methane production of 48 L/person/day was achieved at the hydraulic retention time（HRT） of 7 days, while the other measures of performance at the HRT of 8.3 days were better than at the HRT of 7 or 10 days, achieving a methane production of 43 L/person/day, removal of total chemical oxygen demand（TCOD）of 89%, removal of soluble chemical oxygen demand（SCOD） of 92%, and conversion of chemical oxygen demand（COD） to methane of 71%. It is not recommended to decrease HRT lower than 7 days due to the instability of the initial period. The concentrations of volatile fatty acids（VFAs） in the IUSR were less than 10 mg/L, indicating that the anaerobic process was stable. Sludge bed development showed that sludge bed with high microbial activity was formed in the bottom and that the precipitation zone of effluents formed should preferably occupy 30% of the height of the IUSR. The effluents of the IUSR could be used for irrigation in agriculture in combination with a settling tank accompanied by disinfection to remove solids and pathogens.
基金supported by grants from the Key Program of the Ministry of Education of Humanities and Social Science(No.15JJD790046)。
文摘This paper proposes and validates a comprehensive model of consumer acceptance in the context of offline e-cash payment.It modifies the unified theory of acceptance and the use of technology model(UTAUT)with constructs of perceived security,cost of use,and government policy.Data collected from 4428 questionnaires about users’attitudes toward e-cash is used to apply a structural equation model which,in turn,assesses the predictive model.The empirical results indicate that perceived security and cost of use are beneficial extensions to the traditional UTAUT model,and intention is a key antecedent to users’actual utilization of e-cash.In addition,the demographic moderators are found to have significant effects on the relations among the variables.These results are useful to e-cash development and significant to the issue of Digital Currency Electronic Payment.
基金Nanchang University High Talent Project(No.9166-2701010119)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2016YFB0401003)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61935016,61775004 and U1605244)。
文摘Perovskite solar cells have drawn extensive attention in the photovoltaic(PV)field due to their rapidly increasing efficiency.Recently,additives have become necessary for the fabrication of highly efficient perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Additionally,alkali metal doping has been an effective method to decrease the defect density in the perovskite film.However,the traditional trial-and-error method to find the optimal doping concentration is timeconsuming and needs a significant amount of raw materials.In this work,in order to explore new ways of facilitating the process of finding the optimal doping concentration in perovskite solar cells,we applied a machine learning(ML)approach to assist the optimization of KI doping in MAPbI_(3) solar cells.With the aid of ML technique,we quickly found that 3%KI doping could further improve the efficiency of MAPbI_(3) solar cells.As a result,a highest efficiency of 20.91%has been obtained for MAPbI_(3) solar cells.
文摘Purpose:.To explore and establish a rational management workflow for a free cataract surgery program for the poor population in urban China, aiming to improve surgical efficiency.Methods:.Establishment of a management workflow mainly includes system design and an auxiliary facility. System design procedures consist of outpatient screening, outpatient physical examination,.surgical procedures,.and postoperative clinic visits. After establishing the management workflow of cataract surgery, a free cataract surgery program was conducted for 15 months.Results: Based upon the established management mode, 9003 patients received preoperative screening and 2358 underwent cataract surgery..During the 15-month investigation,.each procedure was successfully conducted,.the efficiency of screening and operation attained the highest standards in China,.and no surgical malpractice occurred intraoperatively.Conclusion:.In this study,.a management workflow for cataract surgery was designed for a poverty relief project in urban China. During the 15-month project, the degree of patient satisfaction was enhanced without disrupting the normal practice and safety of the sponsor hospital.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2021YFC3200400National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:U2243601+1 种基金Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by Henan Association for Science and Technology,Grant/Award Number:2022HYTP023Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund for Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Grant/Award Number:HKF202114。
文摘The Xiaolangdi Reservoir has been operated for 23 consecutive years,greatly altering theflow and sediment processes of the Lower Yellow River.Many research have separately analyzed the changes of siltation in reservoirs and river channels,discharge capacity of the lower river channel,river regime stability,or ecological environmental benefits under water and sediment regulation.However,the multiple changes offlow and sediment transport,ecological environment,and social economy were seldom considered.We systematically and holistically explored the changes of river system in the Lower Yellow River since 2000,based on the channel erosion and siltation,channel morphology,ecosystem patterns and habitat quality,irrigation water scale,and crop production index.The results show that the discharge capacity of the main channel has been recovered significantly at a bankfull discharge of over 4700 m^(3)/s.The ecological pattern in the Lower Yellow River and the delta has been optimized.The wetland and water ecosystem area has been remarkably increased by 125.82%and 318.54%respectively,and the saline-alkali land area has been sharply reduced by 89.65%.The habitat quality has been raised to the highest level in nearly 40 years.The irrigation water volume in the irrigation area of the Lower Yellow River has been increased by 31%,and the grain production has maintained a continuous growth for 16 years.Overall,the coordinated development level offlow and sediment transport,ecological environment and crop production in the Lower Yellow River has been continuously improved from the reluctantly coordinated level(before water and sediment regulation)to the highly coordinated level.
