A self-consistent and precise method to determine the time-dependent radiative albedo,i.e.,the ratio of the reemission flux to the incident flux,for an indirect-drive inertial confinement fusion Hohlraum wall material...A self-consistent and precise method to determine the time-dependent radiative albedo,i.e.,the ratio of the reemission flux to the incident flux,for an indirect-drive inertial confinement fusion Hohlraum wall material is proposed.A specially designed symmetrical triple-cavity gold Hohlraum is used to create approximately constant and near-equilibrium uniform radiation with a peak temperature of 160 eV.The incident flux at the secondary cavity waist is obtained from flux balance analysis and from the shock velocity of a standard sample.The results agree well owing to the symmetrical radiation in the secondary cavity.A self-consistent and precise time-dependent radiative albedo is deduced from the reliable reemission flux and the incident flux,and the result from the shock velocity is found to have a smaller uncertainty than that from the multi-angle flux balance analysis,and also to agree well with the result of a simulation using the HYADES opacity.展开更多
We present measurements of the 2p-3d transition opacity of a hot molybdenum-scandium sample with nearly half-vacant molybdenum M-shell configurations.A plastic-tamped molybdenum-scandium foil sample is radiatively hea...We present measurements of the 2p-3d transition opacity of a hot molybdenum-scandium sample with nearly half-vacant molybdenum M-shell configurations.A plastic-tamped molybdenum-scandium foil sample is radiatively heated to high temperature in a compact D-shaped gold Hohlraum driven by∼30 kJ laser energy at the SG-100 kJ laser facility.X rays transmitted through the molybdenum and scandium plasmas are diffracted by crystals and finally recorded by image plates.The electron temperatures in the sample in particular spatial and temporal zones are determined by the K-shell absorption of the scandium plasma.A combination of the IRAD3D view factor code and the MULTI hydrodynamic code is used to simulate the spatial distribution and temporal behavior of the sample temperature and density.The inferred temperature in the molybdenum plasma reaches a average of 138±11 eV.A detailed configuration-accounting calculation of the n=2–3 transition absorption of the molybdenum plasma is compared with experimental measurements and quite good agreement is found.The present measurements provide an opportunity to test opacity models for complicated M-shell configurations.展开更多
A practical experimental method is proposed to investigate thermal transport by characterizing the motion of plasma flows through a x-ray spectroscopic technique using tracers.By simultaneously measuring multiple para...A practical experimental method is proposed to investigate thermal transport by characterizing the motion of plasma flows through a x-ray spectroscopic technique using tracers.By simultaneously measuring multiple parameters,namely,the mass-ablation rate,the temporal evolution of plasma flow velocities and trajectories and the temperature,it is possible to observe a variety of physical processes,such as shock wave compression,heating by thermal waves,and plasma thermal expansion,and to determine their relative importance in different phases during the irradiation of CH and Au targets.From a comparison with hydrodynamic simulations,we find significant differences in the motion of the plasma flows between CH and Au,which can be attributed to different sensitivities to the thermal transport process.There are also differences in the ablation and electron temperature histories of the two materials.These results confirm that velocities and trajectories of plasma motion can provide useful evidence in the investigation of thermal conduction,and the approach presented here deserves more attention in the context of inertial confinement fusion and high-energy-density physics.展开更多
The main purpose of this paper is to define prime and introduce non-commutative arithmetics based on Thompson's group F.Defining primes in a non-abelian monoid is highly non-trivial,which relies on a concept calle...The main purpose of this paper is to define prime and introduce non-commutative arithmetics based on Thompson's group F.Defining primes in a non-abelian monoid is highly non-trivial,which relies on a concept called"castling".Three types of castlings are essential to grasp the arithmetics.The divisor functionτon Thompson's monoid S satisfiesτ(uv)≤τ(u)τ(v)for any u,v∈S.Then the limitτ_(0)(u)=lim_(n→∞)(τ(u~n))^(1/n)exists.The quantityC(S)=sup_(1≠u∈S)τ_(0)(u)/τ(u)describes the complexity for castlings in S.We show thatC(S)=1.Moreover,the MCbius function on S is calculated.And the Liouville functionCon S is studied.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12004351).
文摘A self-consistent and precise method to determine the time-dependent radiative albedo,i.e.,the ratio of the reemission flux to the incident flux,for an indirect-drive inertial confinement fusion Hohlraum wall material is proposed.A specially designed symmetrical triple-cavity gold Hohlraum is used to create approximately constant and near-equilibrium uniform radiation with a peak temperature of 160 eV.The incident flux at the secondary cavity waist is obtained from flux balance analysis and from the shock velocity of a standard sample.The results agree well owing to the symmetrical radiation in the secondary cavity.A self-consistent and precise time-dependent radiative albedo is deduced from the reliable reemission flux and the incident flux,and the result from the shock velocity is found to have a smaller uncertainty than that from the multi-angle flux balance analysis,and also to agree well with the result of a simulation using the HYADES opacity.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12335015,12375238,12374261,11734013,and 11704350)the Presidential Foundation of the China Academy of Engineering Physics(Grant No.YZJJLX2017010)+2 种基金the CAEP Foundation(Grant No.CX2019023)the Science Challenge Project(Grant Nos.TZ2018001 and TZ2018005)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2017YFA0403200).
文摘We present measurements of the 2p-3d transition opacity of a hot molybdenum-scandium sample with nearly half-vacant molybdenum M-shell configurations.A plastic-tamped molybdenum-scandium foil sample is radiatively heated to high temperature in a compact D-shaped gold Hohlraum driven by∼30 kJ laser energy at the SG-100 kJ laser facility.X rays transmitted through the molybdenum and scandium plasmas are diffracted by crystals and finally recorded by image plates.The electron temperatures in the sample in particular spatial and temporal zones are determined by the K-shell absorption of the scandium plasma.A combination of the IRAD3D view factor code and the MULTI hydrodynamic code is used to simulate the spatial distribution and temporal behavior of the sample temperature and density.The inferred temperature in the molybdenum plasma reaches a average of 138±11 eV.A detailed configuration-accounting calculation of the n=2–3 transition absorption of the molybdenum plasma is compared with experimental measurements and quite good agreement is found.The present measurements provide an opportunity to test opacity models for complicated M-shell configurations.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China under Grant No.2017YFA0403200the National Nature Science Foundation(NSFC)of China under Grant Nos.12005206,11734013,11774321,and 12004351+2 种基金the Science Challenge Project under Grant Nos.TZ2018001 and TZ2018005the CAEP foundation under Grant Nos.YZJLX2017010 and 2018011the foundation for Development of Science and Technology of the China Academy of Engineering Physics under Grant No.CX2019023.
文摘A practical experimental method is proposed to investigate thermal transport by characterizing the motion of plasma flows through a x-ray spectroscopic technique using tracers.By simultaneously measuring multiple parameters,namely,the mass-ablation rate,the temporal evolution of plasma flow velocities and trajectories and the temperature,it is possible to observe a variety of physical processes,such as shock wave compression,heating by thermal waves,and plasma thermal expansion,and to determine their relative importance in different phases during the irradiation of CH and Au targets.From a comparison with hydrodynamic simulations,we find significant differences in the motion of the plasma flows between CH and Au,which can be attributed to different sensitivities to the thermal transport process.There are also differences in the ablation and electron temperature histories of the two materials.These results confirm that velocities and trajectories of plasma motion can provide useful evidence in the investigation of thermal conduction,and the approach presented here deserves more attention in the context of inertial confinement fusion and high-energy-density physics.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11701549)。
文摘The main purpose of this paper is to define prime and introduce non-commutative arithmetics based on Thompson's group F.Defining primes in a non-abelian monoid is highly non-trivial,which relies on a concept called"castling".Three types of castlings are essential to grasp the arithmetics.The divisor functionτon Thompson's monoid S satisfiesτ(uv)≤τ(u)τ(v)for any u,v∈S.Then the limitτ_(0)(u)=lim_(n→∞)(τ(u~n))^(1/n)exists.The quantityC(S)=sup_(1≠u∈S)τ_(0)(u)/τ(u)describes the complexity for castlings in S.We show thatC(S)=1.Moreover,the MCbius function on S is calculated.And the Liouville functionCon S is studied.
