BACKGROUND Endoscopic healing(EH)is a key therapeutic target in Crohn’s disease(CD).Proximal small bowel(SB)lesions in patients with CD are associated with a significant risk of strictures and bowel resection.Assessi...BACKGROUND Endoscopic healing(EH)is a key therapeutic target in Crohn’s disease(CD).Proximal small bowel(SB)lesions in patients with CD are associated with a significant risk of strictures and bowel resection.Assessing SB in patients with CD is necessary because of its significant therapeutic implications.The advent of biologic therapies,including infliximab,ustekinumab,and vedolizumab,has significantly altered CD treatment.However,data on the efficacy of biologics in achieving EH,specifically in the proximal SB of patients with CD,remain limited.AIM To assess the effectiveness of biologics for EH in patients with jejunal and/or proximal ileal CD.METHODS Between 2017 and 2023,we retrospectively included 110 consecutive patients with isolated proximal SB CD,identified through baseline balloon-assisted enteroscopy.These patients completed 1-year of treatment with infliximab,ustekinumab,or vedolizumab,and underwent a second balloon-assisted enteroscopy at 1 year.Complete EH was defined as a modified Simple Endoscopic Score for CD(SES-CD)of<3,while EH of the jejunum and proximal ileum was defined as a segmental modified SES-CD of 0.RESULTS In total,64 patients were treated with infliximab,28 with ustekinumab,and 18 with vedolizumab.The complete EH rate at 1 year was 20.9%(23/110),with 29.6%(19/64)for infliximab,10.7%(3/28)for ustekinumab,and 5.5%(1/18)for vedolizumab.The median modified SES-CD significantly decreased compared to baseline[5(2-8)vs 8(6-9),P<0.001].The jejunal and proximal ileal EH rates at 1 year were 30.8%(12/39)and 15.5%(16/103),respectively.Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that stricturing or penetrating disease[odds ratio(OR)=0.261,95%CI:0.087-0.778,P=0.016],prior exposure to biologics(OR=0.080,95%CI:0.010-0.674,P=0.020),and moderate-tosevere endoscopic disease(OR=0.277,95%CI:0.093-0.829,P=0.022)were associated with a lower likelihood of achieving EH at 1 year.CONCLUSION Only 20.9%of patients with isolated proximal SB CD achieved complete EH after 1 year of biologic therapy.展开更多
Shipboard radiosonde soundings are important for detecting and quantifying the multiscale variability of atmosphere-ocean interactions associated with mass exchanges.This study evaluated the accuracies of shipboard Gl...Shipboard radiosonde soundings are important for detecting and quantifying the multiscale variability of atmosphere-ocean interactions associated with mass exchanges.This study evaluated the accuracies of shipboard Global Positioning System(GPS)soundings in the eastern tropical Indian Ocean and South China Sea through a simultaneous balloon-borne inter-comparison of different radiosonde types.Our results indicate that the temperature and relative humidity(RH)measurements of GPS-TanKong(GPS-TK)radiosonde(used at most stations before 2012)have larger biases than those of ChangFeng-06-A(CF-06-A)radiosonde(widely used in current observation)when compared to reference data from Vaisala RS92-SGP radiosonde,with a warm bias of 5℃and dry bias of 10%during daytimes,and a cooling bias of-0.8℃and a moist bias of 6%during nighttime.These systematic biases are primarily attributed to the radiation effects and altitude deviation.An empirical correction algorithm was developed to retrieve the atmospheric temperature and RH profiles.The corrected profiles agree well with that of RS92-SGP,except for uncertainties of CF-06-A in the stratosphere.These correction algorithms were applied to the GPS-TK historical sounding records,reducing biases in the corrected temperature and RH profiles when compared to radio occultation data.The correction of GPS-TK historical records illustrated an improvement in capturing the marine atmospheric structure,with more accurate atmospheric boundary layer height,convective available potential energy,and convective inhibition in the tropical ocean.This study contributes significantly to improving the quality of GPS radiosonde soundings and promotes the sharing of observation in the eastern tropical Indian Ocean and South China Sea.展开更多
China’s lakes are plagued by cadmium(Cd)pollution.Dissolved organic matter(DOM)significantly regulates Cd(II)transport properties at the sediment-water interface.Understanding the effects of different DOM components ...China’s lakes are plagued by cadmium(Cd)pollution.Dissolved organic matter(DOM)significantly regulates Cd(II)transport properties at the sediment-water interface.Understanding the effects of different DOM components on the transportation properties of Cd(II)at the sediment-water interface is essential.In this study,typical DOM from different sources was selected to study Cd(II)mobility at the sediment-water interface.Results showed that terrestrial-derived DOM(fulvic acids,FA)and autochthonous-derived DOM(α-amylase,B1)inhibit Cd(II)sequestration by sediments(42.5%and 5.8%,respectively),while anthropogenic-derived DOM(sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate,SDBS)increased the Cd(II)adsorption capacity by sediments by 2.8%.Fluorescence quenching coupling with parallel factor analysis(EEM-PARAFAC)was used to characterize different DOM components.The results showed that FA contains three kinds of components(C1,C3:protein-like components,C2:humic-like components);SDBS contains two kinds of components(C1,C2:protein-like components);B1 contains three kinds of components(C1,C2:protein-like components,C3:humic-like components).Three complex reaction modelswere used to characterize the ability of Cd(II)complex with DOM,and it was found that the humic-like component could hardly be complex with Cd(II).Accordingly,humic-like components compete for Cd(II)adsorption sites on the sediment surface and inhibit Cd(II)adsorption fromsediments.Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)of the sediment surface before and after Cd(II)addition was analyzed and proved the competitive adsorption theory.This study provides a better understanding of the Cd(II)mobilization behavior at the sediment-water interface and indicates that the input of humic-like DOM will increase the bioavailability of Cd.展开更多
As surgical procedures transition from conventional resection to advanced tissue-regeneration technologies,human disease therapy has witnessed a great leap forward.In particular,three-dimensional(3D)bioprinting stands...As surgical procedures transition from conventional resection to advanced tissue-regeneration technologies,human disease therapy has witnessed a great leap forward.In particular,three-dimensional(3D)bioprinting stands as a landmark in this setting,by promising the precise integration of biomaterials,cells,and bioactive molecules,thus opening up a novel avenue for tissue/organ regeneration.Curated by the editorial board of Bio-Design and Manufacturing,this review brings together a cohort of leading young scientists in China to dissect the core functionalities and evolutionary trajectory of 3D bioprinting,by elucidating the intricate challenges encountered in the manufacturing of transplantable organs.We further delve into the translational pathway from scientific research to clinical application,emphasizing the imperativeness of establishing a regulatory framework and rigorously enforcing quality-control measures.Finally,this review outlines the strategic landscape and innovative achievements of China in this field and provides a comprehensive roadmap for researchers worldwide to propel this field collectively to even greater heights.展开更多
On January 7,2025,an Ms6.8 earthquake struck Dingri County,XigazêCity,in the Xizang Autonomous Region.The epicenter,located near the Shenzha-Dingjie fault zone at the boundary between the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau a...On January 7,2025,an Ms6.8 earthquake struck Dingri County,XigazêCity,in the Xizang Autonomous Region.The epicenter,located near the Shenzha-Dingjie fault zone at the boundary between the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and the Indian Plate,marked the largest earthquake in the region in recent years.The Shenzha-Dingjie fault zone,situated at the boundary between the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and the Indian Plate,is a key tectonic feature in the India-Eurasia collision process,exhibiting both thrust and strike-slip faulting.This study analyzed the disaster characteristics induced by the earthquake using Differential Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry(DIn SAR)to process Sentinel-1 satellite data and derive pre-and post-earthquake surface deformation information.Additionally,high-resolution optical remote sensing data,UAV(unmanned aerial vehicle)imagery,and airborne Li DAR(light detection and ranging)data were employed to analyze the spatial distribution of the surface rupture zone,with field investigations validating the findings.Key results include:(1)Field verification confirmed that potential landslide hazard points identified via optical image interpretation did not exhibit secondary landslide activity;(2)D-In SAR revealed the co-seismic surface deformation pattern,providing detailed deformation information for the Dingri region;(3)Integration of Li DAR and optical imagery further refined and validated surface rupture characteristics identified by optical-In SAR,indicating a predominantly north-south rupture zone.Additionally,surface fracture features extending in a near east-west direction were observed on the southeast side of the epicenter,accompanied by some infrastructure damage;(4)Surface fracture was most severe in high-intensity seismic areas near the epicenter,with the maximum surface displacement approximately 28 km from the epicenter.The earthquake-induced surface deformation zone spanned approximately 6 km by 46 km,with deformation concentrated primarily on the western side of the Dingmucuo Fault,where maximum subsidence of 0.65 m was detected.On the eastern side,uplift was dominant,reaching a maximum of 0.75 m.This earthquake poses significant threats to local communities and infrastructure,underscoring the urgent need for continued monitoring in affected areas.The findings highlight the effectiveness of multi-source data fusion(space-air-ground based observation)in seismic disaster assessment,offering a methodological framework for rapid post-earthquake disaster response.providing a valuable scientific foundation for mitigating secondary disasters in the region.展开更多
Arsenic(As)contamination in paddy soils has posed a prominent threat to rice production in Asia.Recycling of silicon(Si)from Si-rich combusted rice husk(CRH)could serve as a sustainable strategy to mitigate rice As up...Arsenic(As)contamination in paddy soils has posed a prominent threat to rice production in Asia.Recycling of silicon(Si)from Si-rich combusted rice husk(CRH)could serve as a sustainable strategy to mitigate rice As uptake through their shared transport pathway.Root(soil)application of CRH alone,however,was insufficient to decrease inorganic As(iAs)in polished rice below Chinese food standards(0.2 mg kg^(-1)).In this study,an aqueous Si solution derived from CRH was used for synergistic foliar application over the highest Si-demanding stage(reproductive stage)of rice,following root application of Si,to investigate rice As uptake in both pot and field experiments.In the pot experiment,on the basis of root application of CRH,Si supplementation before the reproductive stage of rice led to a 51%decrease in As concentration on root surface along with a prominent reduction of Fe plaque due to enhanced root suberization,relative to single root application of CRH treatment.In parallel,the expression of OsLis6 gene in the root was downregulated by 91%than that with only root application of CRH.These changes decreased As influx into root by 56%and led correspondingly to 41%lower As transfer to the straw,as compared with root application of CRH treatment.In node I,the expression of OsLis6 decreased concurrently by 71%,leading ultimately to 28%lower iAs accumulation in grains than that with root application of CRH alone.In the field experiment,with single foliar Si,the mitigation of grain iAs occurred only at lower soil As level of 40 mg kg^(-1),while promoted iAs unloading into grains was determined under higher soil As level(80 mg kg^(-1))relative to the control without Si application.It was,therefore,concluded that the mitigation of grain iAs accumulation with soil application of CRH can be strengthened critically by synergistic supply of foliar Si,serving as a more reliable pathway to secure rice production in As-contaminated paddy fields.展开更多
BACKGROUND Liver transplantation(LT)is recognized as an effective approach that offers survival benefits for patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF).However,controversies remain regarding the LT selection c...BACKGROUND Liver transplantation(LT)is recognized as an effective approach that offers survival benefits for patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF).However,controversies remain regarding the LT selection criteria,and meta-analyses reporting overall survival outcomes across different ACLF severity grades are lacking.AIM To depict a comprehensive postoperative picture of patients with ACLF of varying severity and contribute to updating LT selection.METHODS Systematic searches in Web of Science,EMBASE,PubMed,and Cochrane databases were performed,from inception to December 26,2023,for studies exploring post-transplant outcomes among ACLF patients,stratified by severity grades as identified by the European Association for the Study of the Liver-Chronic Liver Failure criteria.The primary outcome of interest was the survival rate within one year,with post-transplant complications as secondary outcomes.Additionally,the subgroup analysis examined region-specific one-year survival rates.RESULTS A total of 17 studies involving 28025 participants were included.Patients with ACLF-1 and ACLF-2 have favorable survival within one year,with survival rates reaching 87%[95%confidence interval(CI):84%-91%]and 86%(95%CI:81%-91%),respectively.Despite the relatively lower survival(73%,95%CI:66%-80%)and higher incidence of infection(48%,95%CI:29%-67%)observed in ACLF-3 patients,their survival exceeds that of those who do not undergo LT.Moreover,post-transplant survival was highest in North America across all ACLF grades.CONCLUSION LT can provide survival advantages for ACLF patients.To optimize the utilization of scarce donor organs and improve prognosis,comprehensive preoperative health evaluations are essential,especially for ACLF-3 patients.展开更多
BACKGROUND Patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF)experience severe immune dysfunction.Liver transplantation(LT)significantly improves survival outcomes.However,the characteristics of peripheral blood lymph...BACKGROUND Patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF)experience severe immune dysfunction.Liver transplantation(LT)significantly improves survival outcomes.However,the characteristics of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets(PBLSs)in this patient population are not well defined,and the dynamics of immune reconstitution post-LT are insufficiently understood.AIM To characterize PBLSs in patients with ACLF prior to LT and to evaluate PBLS reconstitution after LT.METHODS Clinical data from patients undergoing LT in the Transplantation Center,The Third Xiangya Hospital from January 2022 to December 2023 were analyzed retrospectively.Our cohort comprised 44 patients with ACLF,16 patients with acute decompensation of cirrhosis,and 23 patients with compensated cirrhosis.Twenty healthy volunteers were included as controls.PBLSs were evaluated across all groups.The relationship between PBLSs and post-LT prognosis was assessed,and dynamic changes in PBLSs among patients with ACLF were analyzed at different time points.RESULTS Patients with ACLF exhibited a marked reduction in PBLSs compared with healthy volunteers.Natural killer(NK)cell counts were further reduced in patients with ACLF when compared with patients with compensated cirrhosis.PBLSs did not correlate with the etiology or severity of ACLF or with established liver failure scores.Following LT,a rapid restoration of NK cells and B cells was observed in patients with ACLF.However,the cluster of differentiation(CD)3+T cell and CD4+T cell counts decreased 14 days post-LT and subsequently returned to preoperative levels by day 21.CONCLUSION Patients with ACLF exhibited markedly reduced PBLSs,with decreased NK cells potentially linked to progression from compensated cirrhosis to liver failure.NK and B cell were rapidly restored after LT.展开更多
Sodium-ion batteries are the prominent device for stationary energy storage system and low-speed electric vehicles.However,the practical application is still limited by the unsatisfied performance and high cost of the...Sodium-ion batteries are the prominent device for stationary energy storage system and low-speed electric vehicles.However,the practical application is still limited by the unsatisfied performance and high cost of the cathode side,which strictly requires the development of high voltage,high capacity,and earth-abundant cathode material.Ni-Fe-Mn ternary layered oxide has been recognized as one of the most promising standard type of cathodes.However,the composition and phase structure on high-voltage characteristics have not been well investigated.Herein,selecting the typically high-voltage cathode of P2-Na_(0.67)Ni_(0.33)Mn_(0.67)O_(2)as a parent material,we fabricate ten Ni-Fe-Mn ternary layered oxides through replacing the Ni,Mn,or both Ni and Mn by Fe.The thermodynamically stable phase diagram for those materials is presented.The electrochemical properties for all the samples are investigated in detail.Three potential Ni-Fe-Mn ternary layered oxides are picked up considering the energy density,cycle stability,kinetics,cost price,and working voltage,which demonstrate great potential for surpassing the performance of lithium iron phosphate.The related electrochemical reaction and fading mechanism are well revealed.This work provides some new foundational Ni-Fe-Mn ternary layered materials for high-voltage sodium-ion batteries.展开更多
The effects of rejuvenation heat treatment(RHT)on the serrated flow behavior and fracture mode of nickel-based superalloys(R26)were investigated by tensile tests and microstructural characterization.The serrated flow ...The effects of rejuvenation heat treatment(RHT)on the serrated flow behavior and fracture mode of nickel-based superalloys(R26)were investigated by tensile tests and microstructural characterization.The serrated flow activation energies were determined to be 41−72 and 64−81 kJ/mol before and after RHT,respectively.Dynamic strain aging in the alloy is caused by the diffusion of carbon atoms into dislocation channels in the nickel matrix.Before RHT,carbides are concentrated at the grain boundaries.Cracks initiate from these carbides and propagate along the grain boundaries.RHT dissolves carbides at grain boundaries,transferring crack initiation to the precipitated phase group in the grains.RHT increases carbon atom concentration in the nickel matrix,enhancing dynamic strain aging and serrated flow behavior.展开更多
The Cu/1010 steel bimetal laminated composites(BLCs)were rolled to different thicknesses to investigate the effect of rolling direction and reduction on the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties.The diffe...The Cu/1010 steel bimetal laminated composites(BLCs)were rolled to different thicknesses to investigate the effect of rolling direction and reduction on the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties.The difference of mechanical properties between the Cu and 1010 steel causes different thickness reductions,percentage spread,and cladding ratios.The formation of strong texture induces larger strength of the rolled samples,and as the volume fraction of 1010 steel is larger in Route-A,its strength is consistently greater than that in Route-B.The obstruction of interface to crystal and dislocation slip results in the formation of interface distortion,inducing dislocation density gradient when the rolling reduction is low in Route-A.The slip planes of the Cu and 1010 steel are more prone to suffer the normal strain,while the shear strain of other crystal planes is obviously larger than the normal strain under rolling load near the interface.展开更多
In our current study,the impact of pre-creep treatment at 300℃ and 560 MPa for 1000 h on the subsequent creep behavior and properties at an elevated temperature of 400℃ have been examined.The characterization of the...In our current study,the impact of pre-creep treatment at 300℃ and 560 MPa for 1000 h on the subsequent creep behavior and properties at an elevated temperature of 400℃ have been examined.The characterization of the resulting creep deformation structure,including twins and dislocation morphology,was conducted using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD),and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).Additionally,we have focused on the fine crystallization behavior of theαphase during creep,as well as the study and discussion of the<α>dislocations and pyramidal<c+α>dislocations.Our findings indicate that the creep life at 400℃and 560 MPa is significantly lower,by an order of magnitude,compared to samples without pre-creep treatment.During the pre-creep process at 300℃,<α>dislocations were found to be active.Furthermore,the creep temperature was observed to reduce the critical resolved shear stress(CRSS)of pyramidal<c+α>dislocations,leading to increased dislocation activity at 400℃compared to 300℃.However,a substantial number of<α>dislocations activated during the pre-creep process were unable to accommodate the subsequent heating process,resulting in extensive intergranular fractures.Simultaneously,during the creep process,theαphase underwent marginal fine grain formation in the form of continuous dynamic recrystallization(CDRX),with its internal fine grain promoted by pyramidal<c+α>dislocations assisting<α>dislocation to form dislocation locks.These findings offer valuable insights into potential deformation mechanisms and failure causes of PM-HIP Ti-6Al-4 V alloy when subjected to elevated temperatures during creep.展开更多
The Zoige Plateau,situated on the eastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,exhibits complex groundwater dynamics influenced by alpine hydrological processes and climatic variability.This study investigates the spatio...The Zoige Plateau,situated on the eastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,exhibits complex groundwater dynamics influenced by alpine hydrological processes and climatic variability.This study investigates the spatiotemporal evolution of groundwater in the Zoige alpine basin from 2002 to 2024 using an integrated approach that combines in-situ monitoring,GRACE satellite observations,and GLDAS model outputs.Using the Innovative Trend Analysis(ITA)method alongside conventional statistical techniques,we identified both seasonal fluctuations and long-term depletion trends.Groundwater levels exhibited clear wet–dry season contrasts and a cumulative decline of up to 2.3 m in grassland flatlands,corresponding to a long-term depletion rate of 0.4 cm/a as indicated by GRACE-derived groundwater storage.The most significant declines occurred in grassland zones,driven by wetland degradation and elevated evapotranspiration,while mountain regions showed slower losses(~0.1 cm/a)primarily supported by sustained snowmelt recharge.Through the integration of multi-source datasets,this study highlights the spatial heterogeneity and key drivers of groundwater variation,providing a robust framework for sustainable groundwater management under climatic and anthropogenic pressures in alpine wetland systems.展开更多
Iron-chromium flow batteries(ICRFBs)have emerged as an ideal large-scale energy storage device with broad application prospects in recent years.Enhancement of the Cr^(3+)/Cr^(2+)redox reaction activity and inhibition ...Iron-chromium flow batteries(ICRFBs)have emerged as an ideal large-scale energy storage device with broad application prospects in recent years.Enhancement of the Cr^(3+)/Cr^(2+)redox reaction activity and inhibition of the hydrogen evolution side reaction(HER)are essential for the development of ICRFBs and require a novel catalyst design.However,elucidating the underlying mechanisms for modulating catalyst behaviors remains an unresolved challenge.Here,we show a novel precisely controlled preparation of a novel thermal-treated carbon cloth electrode with a uniform deposit of low-cost indium catalyst particles.The density functional theory analysis reveals the In catalyst has a significant adsorption effect on the reactants and improves the redox reaction activity of Cr^(3+)/Cr^(2+).Moreover,H+is more easily absorbed on the surface of the catalyst with a high migration energy barrier,thereby inhibiting the occurrence of HER.The assembled ICRFBs have an average energy efficiency of 83.91%at 140 mA cm^(-2),and this method minimizes the electrodeposition process and cleans the last obstacle for industry long cycle operation requirements.The ICRFBs exhibit exceptional long-term stability with an energy efficiency decay rate of 0.011%per cycle at 1000 cycles,the lowest ICRFBs reported so far.Therefore,this study provides a promising strategy for developing ICRFBs with low costs and long cycle life.展开更多
The widespread use of plastic waste has caused significant environmental pollution,becoming a focal point of global concern,particularly the challenge of dechlorination in mixed plastic waste.Selective dissolution is ...The widespread use of plastic waste has caused significant environmental pollution,becoming a focal point of global concern,particularly the challenge of dechlorination in mixed plastic waste.Selective dissolution is a promising plastic chemical recycling technology that offers benefits such as simple processes,convenient operation,and recyclable solvents.However,selecting suitable solvents remains a challenge.This study establishes a virtual solvent database containing 530 common inorganic and organic solvents.By calculating theσ-profile of polyvinyl chloride(PVC)and polyethylene(PE)models using quantum mechanical calculations and employing the conductor-like screening model for real solvents(COSMO-RS)method,the solubility performance of these solvents for PVC and PE at different temperatures was predicted.The results demonstrate the high accuracy of the COSMO-RS method in predicting solubility.By comparing the solubility differences between PVC and PE in different solvents,a series of solvents suitable for selectively removing PVC from mixed plastics were identified,for example,N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone(NMP),dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO),tetrahydrofuran(THF),and N,Ndimethylacetamide(DMAc).This method provides a novel solution to the solvent selection challenge in plastic chemical recycling,potentially shortening the research and development period,reducing experimental costs,and promoting the development of green and refined waste plastic recycling processes.展开更多
Metal-sulfur electrochemistry represents a promising energy storage technology due to the natural abundance and unparalleled theoretical specific capacity of 1675 mAh g^(-1)of sulfur based on two-electron redox reacti...Metal-sulfur electrochemistry represents a promising energy storage technology due to the natural abundance and unparalleled theoretical specific capacity of 1675 mAh g^(-1)of sulfur based on two-electron redox reaction(S^(0)■S^(2-)).Commercially viable metal-sulfur batteries(MSBs)are hindered by sluggish sulfur conversion kinetics,which reduce the utilization efficiency of sulfur and lead to polysulfide shuttling.Single-atom catalysts(SACs)exhibit specific catalytic activity,a high atomic utilization ratio,and flexible selectivity,and are considered exceptional electrocatalysts for addressing the intractable challenges encountered by the MSBs.This review summarizes the recent progress in SACs for boosting the sulfur electrochemistry in MSBs,focusing on sulfur host materials,modified separators and functional interlayers,and analyzes the in-depth mechanisms of SACs.Moreover,the correlation between the coordination environments and the intrinsic activity of SACs is discussed.Finally,the main challenges and potential research directions of SACs for high-energy-density and long-life MSBs are outlined.This study provides significant guidance for constructing novel SACs that can accelerate the sulfur conversion kinetics in MSBs.展开更多
Electrocatalytic valorization of disused poly(ethylene terephthalate)(PET)plastics into value-added chemicals emerges as a potential approach to address plastic pollution and resources upgrading,but it faces challenge...Electrocatalytic valorization of disused poly(ethylene terephthalate)(PET)plastics into value-added chemicals emerges as a potential approach to address plastic pollution and resources upgrading,but it faces challenges in the development of efficient catalysts for PET-derived ethylene glycol(EG)electrooxidation.Herein,we proposed pyramid arrays on sheet Fe-doped NiO/FeNi_(3)(SPA-NiFeO_(x)/FeNi_(3))heterostructure,which is derived from the pyrolysis of MOF-on-MOF heterostructure growth triggered by graphene quantum dots(GQDs).Such SPA-NiFeO_(x)/FeNi_(3)exhibits superior catalytic performance on the electrooxidation of EG(EGOR)from PET hydrolysate,with a formic acid(FA)selectivity of 91.5%and a Faradaic efficiency of 92%.The ligand effect of GQDs in both the catalyst design and improved electrocatalytic performance was studied with combined spectroscopy analysis and theoretical calculations,which revealed that such spatially separated NiFeO_(x)and FeNi_(3)components by GQDs possess more active sites to anticipate in electrocatalytic EGOR,and the large sp2 domains in GQDs possess a strong electron-withdrawing ability to reduce the electron density of bonded Ni and Fe,resulting in high-valenced Ni^(δ+)/Fe^(δ+)in FeNi_(3)and Ni(2+δ)in NiO,respectively.Furthermore,the coordination number of Ni and Fe centers was lowered due to the steric effect of GQDs.Therefore,the adsorption of EG on Ni^(δ+)for cascade dehydrogenation and C–C bond cleavage led to adsorbed FA that transferred to adjacent Fe for desorption,which was promoted by the enrichment of OH−on nearby Ni^((2+δ))sites,along with optimized Gibbs free energy change in the multistep reaction pathway.This work provides an efficient multi-active-site catalyst for disused PET plastics valorization,thereby presenting a new approach to enhance the efficiency of PET plastics valorization reactions.展开更多
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) exhibit significant development potential in the last decade due to their high efficiency and low manufacturing cost, with power conversion efficiencies (PCE) as high as 26.1 %. However, ...Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) exhibit significant development potential in the last decade due to their high efficiency and low manufacturing cost, with power conversion efficiencies (PCE) as high as 26.1 %. However, several problems still limit PSCs' performance and industrialization, including layer defects, energy level mismatch, and chemical instability. MXenes are a promising class of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides and nitrides with excellent hydrophilicity, the tunable figure of merit, desirable electrical conductivity, abundant surface chemical end groups, and low-temperature solution processability. These properties make MXenes easy to combine with other materials and enrich their composites' physical and chemical properties, making them more useful in PSCs. This review systematically summarizes the relationship and development of PSCs and MXenes. Several strategies for combining MXenes with various layer components in PSCs were introduced. Further, we discussed the advantages of MXenes as the hole-transporting layer, electron-transporting layer, perovskite active layer, and electrodes. Finally, we look forward to future research on MXene-based materials in the field of PSC and the next step of commercialization.展开更多
Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)are promising materials for mitigating polysulfide shuttling in lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries,but enhancing their ability to convert polysulfides across a wide temperature range remain...Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)are promising materials for mitigating polysulfide shuttling in lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries,but enhancing their ability to convert polysulfides across a wide temperature range remains a challenge,Herein,we introduce a redox-active COF(RaCOF)that functions as both a physical barrier and a kinetic enhancer to improve the temperature adaptability of Li-S batteries,The RaCOF constructed from redox-active anthraquinone units accelerates polysulfide conversion kinetics through reversible C=O/C-OLi transformations within a voltage range of 1,7 to 2.8 V(vs.Li^(+)/Li),optimizing sulfur redox reactions in ether-based electrolytes.Unlike conventional COFs,RaCOF provides bidentate trapping of polysulfides,increasing binding energy and facilitating more effective polysulfide management.In-situ XRD and ToF-SIMS analyses confirm that RaCOF enhances polysulfide adsorption and promotes the transformation of lithium sulfide(Li_(2)S),leading to better sulfur cathode reutilization.Consequently,RaCOF-modified Li-S batteries demonstrate low self-discharge(4.0%decay over a 7-day rest),excellent wide-temperature performance(stable from-10 to+60℃),and high-rate cycling stability(94%capacity retention over 500 cycles at 5.0 C).This work offers valuable insights for designing COF structures aimed at achieving temperature-adaptive performance in rechargeable batteries.展开更多
基金Supported by the Program of Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases,No.2020B1111170004.
文摘BACKGROUND Endoscopic healing(EH)is a key therapeutic target in Crohn’s disease(CD).Proximal small bowel(SB)lesions in patients with CD are associated with a significant risk of strictures and bowel resection.Assessing SB in patients with CD is necessary because of its significant therapeutic implications.The advent of biologic therapies,including infliximab,ustekinumab,and vedolizumab,has significantly altered CD treatment.However,data on the efficacy of biologics in achieving EH,specifically in the proximal SB of patients with CD,remain limited.AIM To assess the effectiveness of biologics for EH in patients with jejunal and/or proximal ileal CD.METHODS Between 2017 and 2023,we retrospectively included 110 consecutive patients with isolated proximal SB CD,identified through baseline balloon-assisted enteroscopy.These patients completed 1-year of treatment with infliximab,ustekinumab,or vedolizumab,and underwent a second balloon-assisted enteroscopy at 1 year.Complete EH was defined as a modified Simple Endoscopic Score for CD(SES-CD)of<3,while EH of the jejunum and proximal ileum was defined as a segmental modified SES-CD of 0.RESULTS In total,64 patients were treated with infliximab,28 with ustekinumab,and 18 with vedolizumab.The complete EH rate at 1 year was 20.9%(23/110),with 29.6%(19/64)for infliximab,10.7%(3/28)for ustekinumab,and 5.5%(1/18)for vedolizumab.The median modified SES-CD significantly decreased compared to baseline[5(2-8)vs 8(6-9),P<0.001].The jejunal and proximal ileal EH rates at 1 year were 30.8%(12/39)and 15.5%(16/103),respectively.Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that stricturing or penetrating disease[odds ratio(OR)=0.261,95%CI:0.087-0.778,P=0.016],prior exposure to biologics(OR=0.080,95%CI:0.010-0.674,P=0.020),and moderate-tosevere endoscopic disease(OR=0.277,95%CI:0.093-0.829,P=0.022)were associated with a lower likelihood of achieving EH at 1 year.CONCLUSION Only 20.9%of patients with isolated proximal SB CD achieved complete EH after 1 year of biologic therapy.
基金The Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program under contract No.2019QZKK0102-02the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 42230402,92158204,42176026,42076201,41049903,41149908,41249906,41249907,and 41249910+2 种基金the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation under contract No.2022A1515240069the Marine Economic Development Special Program of Guangdong Province(Six Major Marine Industries):Research and Demonstration of Critical Technologies for Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Natural Disaster in Offshore Wind Farms,China under contract No.29[2023]the Fund of Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Physical and Geological Processes under contract No.KLMPG-22-02.
文摘Shipboard radiosonde soundings are important for detecting and quantifying the multiscale variability of atmosphere-ocean interactions associated with mass exchanges.This study evaluated the accuracies of shipboard Global Positioning System(GPS)soundings in the eastern tropical Indian Ocean and South China Sea through a simultaneous balloon-borne inter-comparison of different radiosonde types.Our results indicate that the temperature and relative humidity(RH)measurements of GPS-TanKong(GPS-TK)radiosonde(used at most stations before 2012)have larger biases than those of ChangFeng-06-A(CF-06-A)radiosonde(widely used in current observation)when compared to reference data from Vaisala RS92-SGP radiosonde,with a warm bias of 5℃and dry bias of 10%during daytimes,and a cooling bias of-0.8℃and a moist bias of 6%during nighttime.These systematic biases are primarily attributed to the radiation effects and altitude deviation.An empirical correction algorithm was developed to retrieve the atmospheric temperature and RH profiles.The corrected profiles agree well with that of RS92-SGP,except for uncertainties of CF-06-A in the stratosphere.These correction algorithms were applied to the GPS-TK historical sounding records,reducing biases in the corrected temperature and RH profiles when compared to radio occultation data.The correction of GPS-TK historical records illustrated an improvement in capturing the marine atmospheric structure,with more accurate atmospheric boundary layer height,convective available potential energy,and convective inhibition in the tropical ocean.This study contributes significantly to improving the quality of GPS radiosonde soundings and promotes the sharing of observation in the eastern tropical Indian Ocean and South China Sea.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42307524,and 51879103).
文摘China’s lakes are plagued by cadmium(Cd)pollution.Dissolved organic matter(DOM)significantly regulates Cd(II)transport properties at the sediment-water interface.Understanding the effects of different DOM components on the transportation properties of Cd(II)at the sediment-water interface is essential.In this study,typical DOM from different sources was selected to study Cd(II)mobility at the sediment-water interface.Results showed that terrestrial-derived DOM(fulvic acids,FA)and autochthonous-derived DOM(α-amylase,B1)inhibit Cd(II)sequestration by sediments(42.5%and 5.8%,respectively),while anthropogenic-derived DOM(sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate,SDBS)increased the Cd(II)adsorption capacity by sediments by 2.8%.Fluorescence quenching coupling with parallel factor analysis(EEM-PARAFAC)was used to characterize different DOM components.The results showed that FA contains three kinds of components(C1,C3:protein-like components,C2:humic-like components);SDBS contains two kinds of components(C1,C2:protein-like components);B1 contains three kinds of components(C1,C2:protein-like components,C3:humic-like components).Three complex reaction modelswere used to characterize the ability of Cd(II)complex with DOM,and it was found that the humic-like component could hardly be complex with Cd(II).Accordingly,humic-like components compete for Cd(II)adsorption sites on the sediment surface and inhibit Cd(II)adsorption fromsediments.Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)of the sediment surface before and after Cd(II)addition was analyzed and proved the competitive adsorption theory.This study provides a better understanding of the Cd(II)mobilization behavior at the sediment-water interface and indicates that the input of humic-like DOM will increase the bioavailability of Cd.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52325504,52235007,and T2121004).
文摘As surgical procedures transition from conventional resection to advanced tissue-regeneration technologies,human disease therapy has witnessed a great leap forward.In particular,three-dimensional(3D)bioprinting stands as a landmark in this setting,by promising the precise integration of biomaterials,cells,and bioactive molecules,thus opening up a novel avenue for tissue/organ regeneration.Curated by the editorial board of Bio-Design and Manufacturing,this review brings together a cohort of leading young scientists in China to dissect the core functionalities and evolutionary trajectory of 3D bioprinting,by elucidating the intricate challenges encountered in the manufacturing of transplantable organs.We further delve into the translational pathway from scientific research to clinical application,emphasizing the imperativeness of establishing a regulatory framework and rigorously enforcing quality-control measures.Finally,this review outlines the strategic landscape and innovative achievements of China in this field and provides a comprehensive roadmap for researchers worldwide to propel this field collectively to even greater heights.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42477170)the Major Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42090054)+1 种基金the Research Fund Program of Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources and Eco-Environment Geology(No.HBREGKFJJ-202411)Innovative Group Project of Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.2024AFA015)。
文摘On January 7,2025,an Ms6.8 earthquake struck Dingri County,XigazêCity,in the Xizang Autonomous Region.The epicenter,located near the Shenzha-Dingjie fault zone at the boundary between the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and the Indian Plate,marked the largest earthquake in the region in recent years.The Shenzha-Dingjie fault zone,situated at the boundary between the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and the Indian Plate,is a key tectonic feature in the India-Eurasia collision process,exhibiting both thrust and strike-slip faulting.This study analyzed the disaster characteristics induced by the earthquake using Differential Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry(DIn SAR)to process Sentinel-1 satellite data and derive pre-and post-earthquake surface deformation information.Additionally,high-resolution optical remote sensing data,UAV(unmanned aerial vehicle)imagery,and airborne Li DAR(light detection and ranging)data were employed to analyze the spatial distribution of the surface rupture zone,with field investigations validating the findings.Key results include:(1)Field verification confirmed that potential landslide hazard points identified via optical image interpretation did not exhibit secondary landslide activity;(2)D-In SAR revealed the co-seismic surface deformation pattern,providing detailed deformation information for the Dingri region;(3)Integration of Li DAR and optical imagery further refined and validated surface rupture characteristics identified by optical-In SAR,indicating a predominantly north-south rupture zone.Additionally,surface fracture features extending in a near east-west direction were observed on the southeast side of the epicenter,accompanied by some infrastructure damage;(4)Surface fracture was most severe in high-intensity seismic areas near the epicenter,with the maximum surface displacement approximately 28 km from the epicenter.The earthquake-induced surface deformation zone spanned approximately 6 km by 46 km,with deformation concentrated primarily on the western side of the Dingmucuo Fault,where maximum subsidence of 0.65 m was detected.On the eastern side,uplift was dominant,reaching a maximum of 0.75 m.This earthquake poses significant threats to local communities and infrastructure,underscoring the urgent need for continued monitoring in affected areas.The findings highlight the effectiveness of multi-source data fusion(space-air-ground based observation)in seismic disaster assessment,offering a methodological framework for rapid post-earthquake disaster response.providing a valuable scientific foundation for mitigating secondary disasters in the region.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42377024)the Aid Program for Science and Technology Innovative Research Team in Higher Educational Institutions of Hunan Province,Chinathe Key Project of Developmental Biology and Breeding from Hunan Province of China(No.2022XKQ0207).
文摘Arsenic(As)contamination in paddy soils has posed a prominent threat to rice production in Asia.Recycling of silicon(Si)from Si-rich combusted rice husk(CRH)could serve as a sustainable strategy to mitigate rice As uptake through their shared transport pathway.Root(soil)application of CRH alone,however,was insufficient to decrease inorganic As(iAs)in polished rice below Chinese food standards(0.2 mg kg^(-1)).In this study,an aqueous Si solution derived from CRH was used for synergistic foliar application over the highest Si-demanding stage(reproductive stage)of rice,following root application of Si,to investigate rice As uptake in both pot and field experiments.In the pot experiment,on the basis of root application of CRH,Si supplementation before the reproductive stage of rice led to a 51%decrease in As concentration on root surface along with a prominent reduction of Fe plaque due to enhanced root suberization,relative to single root application of CRH treatment.In parallel,the expression of OsLis6 gene in the root was downregulated by 91%than that with only root application of CRH.These changes decreased As influx into root by 56%and led correspondingly to 41%lower As transfer to the straw,as compared with root application of CRH treatment.In node I,the expression of OsLis6 decreased concurrently by 71%,leading ultimately to 28%lower iAs accumulation in grains than that with root application of CRH alone.In the field experiment,with single foliar Si,the mitigation of grain iAs occurred only at lower soil As level of 40 mg kg^(-1),while promoted iAs unloading into grains was determined under higher soil As level(80 mg kg^(-1))relative to the control without Si application.It was,therefore,concluded that the mitigation of grain iAs accumulation with soil application of CRH can be strengthened critically by synergistic supply of foliar Si,serving as a more reliable pathway to secure rice production in As-contaminated paddy fields.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82300857.
文摘BACKGROUND Liver transplantation(LT)is recognized as an effective approach that offers survival benefits for patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF).However,controversies remain regarding the LT selection criteria,and meta-analyses reporting overall survival outcomes across different ACLF severity grades are lacking.AIM To depict a comprehensive postoperative picture of patients with ACLF of varying severity and contribute to updating LT selection.METHODS Systematic searches in Web of Science,EMBASE,PubMed,and Cochrane databases were performed,from inception to December 26,2023,for studies exploring post-transplant outcomes among ACLF patients,stratified by severity grades as identified by the European Association for the Study of the Liver-Chronic Liver Failure criteria.The primary outcome of interest was the survival rate within one year,with post-transplant complications as secondary outcomes.Additionally,the subgroup analysis examined region-specific one-year survival rates.RESULTS A total of 17 studies involving 28025 participants were included.Patients with ACLF-1 and ACLF-2 have favorable survival within one year,with survival rates reaching 87%[95%confidence interval(CI):84%-91%]and 86%(95%CI:81%-91%),respectively.Despite the relatively lower survival(73%,95%CI:66%-80%)and higher incidence of infection(48%,95%CI:29%-67%)observed in ACLF-3 patients,their survival exceeds that of those who do not undergo LT.Moreover,post-transplant survival was highest in North America across all ACLF grades.CONCLUSION LT can provide survival advantages for ACLF patients.To optimize the utilization of scarce donor organs and improve prognosis,comprehensive preoperative health evaluations are essential,especially for ACLF-3 patients.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82300857.
文摘BACKGROUND Patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF)experience severe immune dysfunction.Liver transplantation(LT)significantly improves survival outcomes.However,the characteristics of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets(PBLSs)in this patient population are not well defined,and the dynamics of immune reconstitution post-LT are insufficiently understood.AIM To characterize PBLSs in patients with ACLF prior to LT and to evaluate PBLS reconstitution after LT.METHODS Clinical data from patients undergoing LT in the Transplantation Center,The Third Xiangya Hospital from January 2022 to December 2023 were analyzed retrospectively.Our cohort comprised 44 patients with ACLF,16 patients with acute decompensation of cirrhosis,and 23 patients with compensated cirrhosis.Twenty healthy volunteers were included as controls.PBLSs were evaluated across all groups.The relationship between PBLSs and post-LT prognosis was assessed,and dynamic changes in PBLSs among patients with ACLF were analyzed at different time points.RESULTS Patients with ACLF exhibited a marked reduction in PBLSs compared with healthy volunteers.Natural killer(NK)cell counts were further reduced in patients with ACLF when compared with patients with compensated cirrhosis.PBLSs did not correlate with the etiology or severity of ACLF or with established liver failure scores.Following LT,a rapid restoration of NK cells and B cells was observed in patients with ACLF.However,the cluster of differentiation(CD)3+T cell and CD4+T cell counts decreased 14 days post-LT and subsequently returned to preoperative levels by day 21.CONCLUSION Patients with ACLF exhibited markedly reduced PBLSs,with decreased NK cells potentially linked to progression from compensated cirrhosis to liver failure.NK and B cell were rapidly restored after LT.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52402215)the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2408085QB036)+1 种基金the Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Province Education Department(Grant Nos.2022AH050334,2022AH030046,2023AH051119)the Scientific Research Foundation of Anhui University of Technology for Talent Introduction(DT2200001211)。
文摘Sodium-ion batteries are the prominent device for stationary energy storage system and low-speed electric vehicles.However,the practical application is still limited by the unsatisfied performance and high cost of the cathode side,which strictly requires the development of high voltage,high capacity,and earth-abundant cathode material.Ni-Fe-Mn ternary layered oxide has been recognized as one of the most promising standard type of cathodes.However,the composition and phase structure on high-voltage characteristics have not been well investigated.Herein,selecting the typically high-voltage cathode of P2-Na_(0.67)Ni_(0.33)Mn_(0.67)O_(2)as a parent material,we fabricate ten Ni-Fe-Mn ternary layered oxides through replacing the Ni,Mn,or both Ni and Mn by Fe.The thermodynamically stable phase diagram for those materials is presented.The electrochemical properties for all the samples are investigated in detail.Three potential Ni-Fe-Mn ternary layered oxides are picked up considering the energy density,cycle stability,kinetics,cost price,and working voltage,which demonstrate great potential for surpassing the performance of lithium iron phosphate.The related electrochemical reaction and fading mechanism are well revealed.This work provides some new foundational Ni-Fe-Mn ternary layered materials for high-voltage sodium-ion batteries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52175286)the Tribology Science Fund of State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment,Tsinghua University,China(No.SKLTKF20B16).
文摘The effects of rejuvenation heat treatment(RHT)on the serrated flow behavior and fracture mode of nickel-based superalloys(R26)were investigated by tensile tests and microstructural characterization.The serrated flow activation energies were determined to be 41−72 and 64−81 kJ/mol before and after RHT,respectively.Dynamic strain aging in the alloy is caused by the diffusion of carbon atoms into dislocation channels in the nickel matrix.Before RHT,carbides are concentrated at the grain boundaries.Cracks initiate from these carbides and propagate along the grain boundaries.RHT dissolves carbides at grain boundaries,transferring crack initiation to the precipitated phase group in the grains.RHT increases carbon atom concentration in the nickel matrix,enhancing dynamic strain aging and serrated flow behavior.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFE0306103)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52071050)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Innovation Project of Ningbo,China(No.2021Z032)the Program of China Scholarships Council(No.202106060148).
文摘The Cu/1010 steel bimetal laminated composites(BLCs)were rolled to different thicknesses to investigate the effect of rolling direction and reduction on the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties.The difference of mechanical properties between the Cu and 1010 steel causes different thickness reductions,percentage spread,and cladding ratios.The formation of strong texture induces larger strength of the rolled samples,and as the volume fraction of 1010 steel is larger in Route-A,its strength is consistently greater than that in Route-B.The obstruction of interface to crystal and dislocation slip results in the formation of interface distortion,inducing dislocation density gradient when the rolling reduction is low in Route-A.The slip planes of the Cu and 1010 steel are more prone to suffer the normal strain,while the shear strain of other crystal planes is obviously larger than the normal strain under rolling load near the interface.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFB3710700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52074229)the Major Scientific Research Projects in Panxi Experimental Area,and the Key R&D Plan of Sichuan Province(Nos.SC2022A1C01J and 23ZDZX0031).
文摘In our current study,the impact of pre-creep treatment at 300℃ and 560 MPa for 1000 h on the subsequent creep behavior and properties at an elevated temperature of 400℃ have been examined.The characterization of the resulting creep deformation structure,including twins and dislocation morphology,was conducted using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD),and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).Additionally,we have focused on the fine crystallization behavior of theαphase during creep,as well as the study and discussion of the<α>dislocations and pyramidal<c+α>dislocations.Our findings indicate that the creep life at 400℃and 560 MPa is significantly lower,by an order of magnitude,compared to samples without pre-creep treatment.During the pre-creep process at 300℃,<α>dislocations were found to be active.Furthermore,the creep temperature was observed to reduce the critical resolved shear stress(CRSS)of pyramidal<c+α>dislocations,leading to increased dislocation activity at 400℃compared to 300℃.However,a substantial number of<α>dislocations activated during the pre-creep process were unable to accommodate the subsequent heating process,resulting in extensive intergranular fractures.Simultaneously,during the creep process,theαphase underwent marginal fine grain formation in the form of continuous dynamic recrystallization(CDRX),with its internal fine grain promoted by pyramidal<c+α>dislocations assisting<α>dislocation to form dislocation locks.These findings offer valuable insights into potential deformation mechanisms and failure causes of PM-HIP Ti-6Al-4 V alloy when subjected to elevated temperatures during creep.
基金supported by the projects"Investigation of Groundwater Resources in the Yellow River Basin of Sichuan Province(2023-2025)"(N5100012023000974)"Dynamic Evolution and Driving Mechanisms of Water Resources in the Zoige Wetland Based on Multi-Source Remote Sensing"(KJ-2025-062),funded by the Department of Natural Resources of Sichuan Province.
文摘The Zoige Plateau,situated on the eastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,exhibits complex groundwater dynamics influenced by alpine hydrological processes and climatic variability.This study investigates the spatiotemporal evolution of groundwater in the Zoige alpine basin from 2002 to 2024 using an integrated approach that combines in-situ monitoring,GRACE satellite observations,and GLDAS model outputs.Using the Innovative Trend Analysis(ITA)method alongside conventional statistical techniques,we identified both seasonal fluctuations and long-term depletion trends.Groundwater levels exhibited clear wet–dry season contrasts and a cumulative decline of up to 2.3 m in grassland flatlands,corresponding to a long-term depletion rate of 0.4 cm/a as indicated by GRACE-derived groundwater storage.The most significant declines occurred in grassland zones,driven by wetland degradation and elevated evapotranspiration,while mountain regions showed slower losses(~0.1 cm/a)primarily supported by sustained snowmelt recharge.Through the integration of multi-source datasets,this study highlights the spatial heterogeneity and key drivers of groundwater variation,providing a robust framework for sustainable groundwater management under climatic and anthropogenic pressures in alpine wetland systems.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22308378,22308380,22393963)the Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum,Beijing(No.2462023XKBH005,ZX20230078).
文摘Iron-chromium flow batteries(ICRFBs)have emerged as an ideal large-scale energy storage device with broad application prospects in recent years.Enhancement of the Cr^(3+)/Cr^(2+)redox reaction activity and inhibition of the hydrogen evolution side reaction(HER)are essential for the development of ICRFBs and require a novel catalyst design.However,elucidating the underlying mechanisms for modulating catalyst behaviors remains an unresolved challenge.Here,we show a novel precisely controlled preparation of a novel thermal-treated carbon cloth electrode with a uniform deposit of low-cost indium catalyst particles.The density functional theory analysis reveals the In catalyst has a significant adsorption effect on the reactants and improves the redox reaction activity of Cr^(3+)/Cr^(2+).Moreover,H+is more easily absorbed on the surface of the catalyst with a high migration energy barrier,thereby inhibiting the occurrence of HER.The assembled ICRFBs have an average energy efficiency of 83.91%at 140 mA cm^(-2),and this method minimizes the electrodeposition process and cleans the last obstacle for industry long cycle operation requirements.The ICRFBs exhibit exceptional long-term stability with an energy efficiency decay rate of 0.011%per cycle at 1000 cycles,the lowest ICRFBs reported so far.Therefore,this study provides a promising strategy for developing ICRFBs with low costs and long cycle life.
基金financially supported by SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing Co.,Ltd.the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22302220)+2 种基金the Shanxi Province Science Foundation for Youth(202203021222403)Funding support was also received from the Synfuels China Co.,Ltd.the Institute of Coal Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences。
文摘The widespread use of plastic waste has caused significant environmental pollution,becoming a focal point of global concern,particularly the challenge of dechlorination in mixed plastic waste.Selective dissolution is a promising plastic chemical recycling technology that offers benefits such as simple processes,convenient operation,and recyclable solvents.However,selecting suitable solvents remains a challenge.This study establishes a virtual solvent database containing 530 common inorganic and organic solvents.By calculating theσ-profile of polyvinyl chloride(PVC)and polyethylene(PE)models using quantum mechanical calculations and employing the conductor-like screening model for real solvents(COSMO-RS)method,the solubility performance of these solvents for PVC and PE at different temperatures was predicted.The results demonstrate the high accuracy of the COSMO-RS method in predicting solubility.By comparing the solubility differences between PVC and PE in different solvents,a series of solvents suitable for selectively removing PVC from mixed plastics were identified,for example,N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone(NMP),dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO),tetrahydrofuran(THF),and N,Ndimethylacetamide(DMAc).This method provides a novel solution to the solvent selection challenge in plastic chemical recycling,potentially shortening the research and development period,reducing experimental costs,and promoting the development of green and refined waste plastic recycling processes.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22379001 and 22309003)the Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Province Education department(No.2022AH030046)the Top Young Talents of Anhui University of Technology,the Young Scholars of the Introduction and Education of Talents in Anhui Province,and the Scientific Research Foundation of Anhui University of Technology for Talent Introduction。
文摘Metal-sulfur electrochemistry represents a promising energy storage technology due to the natural abundance and unparalleled theoretical specific capacity of 1675 mAh g^(-1)of sulfur based on two-electron redox reaction(S^(0)■S^(2-)).Commercially viable metal-sulfur batteries(MSBs)are hindered by sluggish sulfur conversion kinetics,which reduce the utilization efficiency of sulfur and lead to polysulfide shuttling.Single-atom catalysts(SACs)exhibit specific catalytic activity,a high atomic utilization ratio,and flexible selectivity,and are considered exceptional electrocatalysts for addressing the intractable challenges encountered by the MSBs.This review summarizes the recent progress in SACs for boosting the sulfur electrochemistry in MSBs,focusing on sulfur host materials,modified separators and functional interlayers,and analyzes the in-depth mechanisms of SACs.Moreover,the correlation between the coordination environments and the intrinsic activity of SACs is discussed.Finally,the main challenges and potential research directions of SACs for high-energy-density and long-life MSBs are outlined.This study provides significant guidance for constructing novel SACs that can accelerate the sulfur conversion kinetics in MSBs.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22102140the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20211602)+1 种基金the Qing Lan Project of Yangzhou Universitythe Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(Yangzhou University,Grant No.SJCX23_1911).
文摘Electrocatalytic valorization of disused poly(ethylene terephthalate)(PET)plastics into value-added chemicals emerges as a potential approach to address plastic pollution and resources upgrading,but it faces challenges in the development of efficient catalysts for PET-derived ethylene glycol(EG)electrooxidation.Herein,we proposed pyramid arrays on sheet Fe-doped NiO/FeNi_(3)(SPA-NiFeO_(x)/FeNi_(3))heterostructure,which is derived from the pyrolysis of MOF-on-MOF heterostructure growth triggered by graphene quantum dots(GQDs).Such SPA-NiFeO_(x)/FeNi_(3)exhibits superior catalytic performance on the electrooxidation of EG(EGOR)from PET hydrolysate,with a formic acid(FA)selectivity of 91.5%and a Faradaic efficiency of 92%.The ligand effect of GQDs in both the catalyst design and improved electrocatalytic performance was studied with combined spectroscopy analysis and theoretical calculations,which revealed that such spatially separated NiFeO_(x)and FeNi_(3)components by GQDs possess more active sites to anticipate in electrocatalytic EGOR,and the large sp2 domains in GQDs possess a strong electron-withdrawing ability to reduce the electron density of bonded Ni and Fe,resulting in high-valenced Ni^(δ+)/Fe^(δ+)in FeNi_(3)and Ni(2+δ)in NiO,respectively.Furthermore,the coordination number of Ni and Fe centers was lowered due to the steric effect of GQDs.Therefore,the adsorption of EG on Ni^(δ+)for cascade dehydrogenation and C–C bond cleavage led to adsorbed FA that transferred to adjacent Fe for desorption,which was promoted by the enrichment of OH−on nearby Ni^((2+δ))sites,along with optimized Gibbs free energy change in the multistep reaction pathway.This work provides an efficient multi-active-site catalyst for disused PET plastics valorization,thereby presenting a new approach to enhance the efficiency of PET plastics valorization reactions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11375136).
文摘Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) exhibit significant development potential in the last decade due to their high efficiency and low manufacturing cost, with power conversion efficiencies (PCE) as high as 26.1 %. However, several problems still limit PSCs' performance and industrialization, including layer defects, energy level mismatch, and chemical instability. MXenes are a promising class of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides and nitrides with excellent hydrophilicity, the tunable figure of merit, desirable electrical conductivity, abundant surface chemical end groups, and low-temperature solution processability. These properties make MXenes easy to combine with other materials and enrich their composites' physical and chemical properties, making them more useful in PSCs. This review systematically summarizes the relationship and development of PSCs and MXenes. Several strategies for combining MXenes with various layer components in PSCs were introduced. Further, we discussed the advantages of MXenes as the hole-transporting layer, electron-transporting layer, perovskite active layer, and electrodes. Finally, we look forward to future research on MXene-based materials in the field of PSC and the next step of commercialization.
基金funding supporting from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22309003,22379001)the Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Province Education Department(2023AH051119)+3 种基金the open project funding from Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multi phase Materials Chemical Engineering(MMCE2024001)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB2402201)the Shanghai Pilot Program for Basic Research-Fudan University 21TQ1400100(21TQ009)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(20720220010).
文摘Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)are promising materials for mitigating polysulfide shuttling in lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries,but enhancing their ability to convert polysulfides across a wide temperature range remains a challenge,Herein,we introduce a redox-active COF(RaCOF)that functions as both a physical barrier and a kinetic enhancer to improve the temperature adaptability of Li-S batteries,The RaCOF constructed from redox-active anthraquinone units accelerates polysulfide conversion kinetics through reversible C=O/C-OLi transformations within a voltage range of 1,7 to 2.8 V(vs.Li^(+)/Li),optimizing sulfur redox reactions in ether-based electrolytes.Unlike conventional COFs,RaCOF provides bidentate trapping of polysulfides,increasing binding energy and facilitating more effective polysulfide management.In-situ XRD and ToF-SIMS analyses confirm that RaCOF enhances polysulfide adsorption and promotes the transformation of lithium sulfide(Li_(2)S),leading to better sulfur cathode reutilization.Consequently,RaCOF-modified Li-S batteries demonstrate low self-discharge(4.0%decay over a 7-day rest),excellent wide-temperature performance(stable from-10 to+60℃),and high-rate cycling stability(94%capacity retention over 500 cycles at 5.0 C).This work offers valuable insights for designing COF structures aimed at achieving temperature-adaptive performance in rechargeable batteries.
