Soil organic carbon (SOC) losses due to poor soil management in dryland are now well documented. However, the influence of soil properties on organic carbon change is not well known. The groundnut plant (Arachis hypog...Soil organic carbon (SOC) losses due to poor soil management in dryland are now well documented. However, the influence of soil properties on organic carbon change is not well known. The groundnut plant (Arachis hypogaea L.), and the dominant crop system in the Senegal’s Soudanian zone, have been compared with semi-natural savanna. Leaves, stems and roots biomass were measured, and soil characteristics were analysed. The total leaves and stems biomass was 1.7 and 2.7 Mg ha-1 dry matter in groundnut fields and savanna respectively. Total SOC stocks were low (8 to 20 Mg C·ha-1 within upper 0.2 m depth, 20 to 64 Mg C·ha-1 within upper 1 m depth) and were significantly lower (P δ13C values show that SOC quality is transformed from the savanna plants (C4/C3 mixed-pools) to C3-pools in groundnut cultivated zone, with the organic matter signature more preserved in the clayey soils. This study confirms that converting woodland to groundnut fields provokes texture transformation and SOC loss. The results call for the extreme necessity to regenerate the wooded zone or encourage practices that favour SOC restitution.展开更多
揭全球气候变化导致丹麦格陵兰岛形成了旱地和间歇淹水的土壤景观,采用稳定性同位素核酸探针技术和高通量测序16S r RNA及pmoA基因的分析方法,开展了格陵兰岛旱地和间歇淹水土壤微宇宙培养试验,探究不同水分条件下冻土的甲烷氧化潜力及...揭全球气候变化导致丹麦格陵兰岛形成了旱地和间歇淹水的土壤景观,采用稳定性同位素核酸探针技术和高通量测序16S r RNA及pmoA基因的分析方法,开展了格陵兰岛旱地和间歇淹水土壤微宇宙培养试验,探究不同水分条件下冻土的甲烷氧化潜力及活性好氧甲烷氧化菌群落演替规律。结果表明:与旱地土壤相比,淹水土壤氧化高浓度甲烷的速率呈现降低趋势,分别为12.38和12.17μg/(g·d),但后者对甲烷碳同化利用效率显著高于前者,土壤13C-有机碳原子百分比从自然丰度1.08%,分别增加至1.64%和1.99%。超高速密度梯度离心分析13C-DNA发现甲烷氧化菌群落发生演替,旱地土壤中Crenothrix甲烷氧化菌16S rRNA基因丰度仅为0.04%,而在间歇淹水土壤中为23.78%,增幅高达557倍;类型Ⅱ甲烷氧化菌Methylosinus则从33.76%增至44.38%。然而,类型Ⅰ甲烷氧化菌Methylocaldum的丰度明显降低,从旱地土壤10.15%显著降低为间歇淹水0.14%;进一步通过pmo A基因高通量测序分析,也得到了类似的结果,特别是类型Ⅰ甲烷氧化菌RPCs从旱地土壤15.61%显著降低至间歇淹水土壤的0.13%。这些结果表明:尽管格陵兰冻土中经典的类型Ⅱ甲烷氧化菌主导了旱地土壤和间歇性淹水土壤好氧甲烷氧化过程,但水分可能是甲烷氧化菌群落演替的重要环境驱动力,水分增加导致活性的类型Ⅰ种群丰度降低,同时显著刺激了新型甲烷氧化菌Crenothrix的大量生长并可能在间歇淹水土壤中发挥了重要作用。展开更多
文摘Soil organic carbon (SOC) losses due to poor soil management in dryland are now well documented. However, the influence of soil properties on organic carbon change is not well known. The groundnut plant (Arachis hypogaea L.), and the dominant crop system in the Senegal’s Soudanian zone, have been compared with semi-natural savanna. Leaves, stems and roots biomass were measured, and soil characteristics were analysed. The total leaves and stems biomass was 1.7 and 2.7 Mg ha-1 dry matter in groundnut fields and savanna respectively. Total SOC stocks were low (8 to 20 Mg C·ha-1 within upper 0.2 m depth, 20 to 64 Mg C·ha-1 within upper 1 m depth) and were significantly lower (P δ13C values show that SOC quality is transformed from the savanna plants (C4/C3 mixed-pools) to C3-pools in groundnut cultivated zone, with the organic matter signature more preserved in the clayey soils. This study confirms that converting woodland to groundnut fields provokes texture transformation and SOC loss. The results call for the extreme necessity to regenerate the wooded zone or encourage practices that favour SOC restitution.
文摘揭全球气候变化导致丹麦格陵兰岛形成了旱地和间歇淹水的土壤景观,采用稳定性同位素核酸探针技术和高通量测序16S r RNA及pmoA基因的分析方法,开展了格陵兰岛旱地和间歇淹水土壤微宇宙培养试验,探究不同水分条件下冻土的甲烷氧化潜力及活性好氧甲烷氧化菌群落演替规律。结果表明:与旱地土壤相比,淹水土壤氧化高浓度甲烷的速率呈现降低趋势,分别为12.38和12.17μg/(g·d),但后者对甲烷碳同化利用效率显著高于前者,土壤13C-有机碳原子百分比从自然丰度1.08%,分别增加至1.64%和1.99%。超高速密度梯度离心分析13C-DNA发现甲烷氧化菌群落发生演替,旱地土壤中Crenothrix甲烷氧化菌16S rRNA基因丰度仅为0.04%,而在间歇淹水土壤中为23.78%,增幅高达557倍;类型Ⅱ甲烷氧化菌Methylosinus则从33.76%增至44.38%。然而,类型Ⅰ甲烷氧化菌Methylocaldum的丰度明显降低,从旱地土壤10.15%显著降低为间歇淹水0.14%;进一步通过pmo A基因高通量测序分析,也得到了类似的结果,特别是类型Ⅰ甲烷氧化菌RPCs从旱地土壤15.61%显著降低至间歇淹水土壤的0.13%。这些结果表明:尽管格陵兰冻土中经典的类型Ⅱ甲烷氧化菌主导了旱地土壤和间歇性淹水土壤好氧甲烷氧化过程,但水分可能是甲烷氧化菌群落演替的重要环境驱动力,水分增加导致活性的类型Ⅰ种群丰度降低,同时显著刺激了新型甲烷氧化菌Crenothrix的大量生长并可能在间歇淹水土壤中发挥了重要作用。
