During the storehouse surface rolling construction of a core rockfilldam, the spreading thickness of dam face is an important factor that affects the construction quality of the dam storehouse' rolling surface and...During the storehouse surface rolling construction of a core rockfilldam, the spreading thickness of dam face is an important factor that affects the construction quality of the dam storehouse' rolling surface and the overallquality of the entire dam. Currently, the method used to monitor and controlspreading thickness during the dam construction process is artificialsampling check after spreading, which makes it difficult to monitor the entire dam storehouse surface. In this paper, we present an in-depth study based on real-time monitoring and controltheory of storehouse surface rolling construction and obtain the rolling compaction thickness by analyzing the construction track of the rolling machine. Comparatively, the traditionalmethod can only analyze the rolling thickness of the dam storehouse surface after it has been compacted and cannot determine the thickness of the dam storehouse surface in realtime. To solve these problems, our system monitors the construction progress of the leveling machine and employs a real-time spreading thickness monitoring modelbased on the K-nearest neighbor algorithm. Taking the LHK core rockfilldam in Southwest China as an example, we performed real-time monitoring for the spreading thickness and conducted real-time interactive queries regarding the spreading thickness. This approach provides a new method for controlling the spreading thickness of the core rockfilldam storehouse surface.展开更多
Microstructure evolution and hardening effect of pure tungsten and W-1.5%ZrO_(2) alloy under carbon ion irradiation are investigated by using transmission electron microscopy and nano-indentation.Carbon ion irradiatio...Microstructure evolution and hardening effect of pure tungsten and W-1.5%ZrO_(2) alloy under carbon ion irradiation are investigated by using transmission electron microscopy and nano-indentation.Carbon ion irradiation is performed at 700℃ with irradiation damages ranging from 0.25 dpa to 2.0 dpa.The results show that the irradiation defect clusters are mainly in the form of dislocation loop.The size and density of dislocation loops increase with irradiation damages intensifying.The W-1.5%ZrO_(2) alloy has a smaller dislocation loop size than that of pure tungsten.It is proposed that the phase boundaries have the ability to absorb and annihilate defects and the addition of ZrO_(2) phase improves the sink strength for irradiation defects.It is confirmed that the W-1.5% ZrO_(2) alloy shows a smaller change in hardness than the pure tungsten after being irradiated.From the above results,we conclude that the addition of ZrO_(2) into tungsten can significantly reduce the accumulation of irradiated defects and improve the irradiation resistance behaviors of the tungsten materials.展开更多
The aim of this present study was to investigate the effects of training on exercise tolerance of patients with coronary heart disease after percutaneous coronary intervention.Fifty-seven cases of coronary heart disea...The aim of this present study was to investigate the effects of training on exercise tolerance of patients with coronary heart disease after percutaneous coronary intervention.Fifty-seven cases of coronary heart disease after percutaneous coronary intervention were divided randomly into the rehabilitation training group（26 cases） and control group（31 cases）.Patients in the rehabilitation training group received rehabilitation training at different stages and exercise intensities 3 d after percutaneous coronary intervention for 3 months.The heart rate,blood pressure,ECG changes in treadmill exercise test,and the frequency of anginal episodes were observed.The results showed that NST and ΣST of ECG and the frequency of anginal episodes were significantly reduced in the rehabilitation training group.In addition,exercise tolerance was improved and the total exercise time was lengthened in these patients.Moreover,ST segment depression time and emergence time of angina with exercise were also lengthened compared with controls（P 〈 0.05,or 0.01）.However,the heart rate and blood pressure before and after exercise of the two groups were similar.The study indicated that rehabilitation training could significantly relieve angina,amend ischemic features of ECG,and improve exercise tolerance of coronary heart disease patients after percutaneous coronary intervention.展开更多
A series of 2,5-disubstituted pyrimido[5,4-c]quinoline derivatives were synthesized and their cytotoxic activity against H460, HT-29 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines was evaluated in vitro.It was found that most of the teste...A series of 2,5-disubstituted pyrimido[5,4-c]quinoline derivatives were synthesized and their cytotoxic activity against H460, HT-29 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines was evaluated in vitro.It was found that most of the tested compounds especially compound 17, shown stronger activity to the selected three cell lines than ZM447439.展开更多
Nanocomposite is proved to be an effective method to improve thermoelectric performance.In the present study,graphene is introduced into p-type skutterudite La0.8Ti0.1Ga0.1Fe3CoSb12 by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor d...Nanocomposite is proved to be an effective method to improve thermoelectric performance.In the present study,graphene is introduced into p-type skutterudite La0.8Ti0.1Ga0.1Fe3CoSb12 by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition（PECVD）method to form skutterudite/graphene nanocomposites.It is demonstrated that the graphene has no obvious effect on the electrical conductivity of La0.8Ti0.1Ga0.1Fe3CoSb12,but the Seebeck coefficient is slightly improved at high temperature,thereby leading to high power factor.Furthermore,due to the enhancement of phonon scattering by the graphene,the lattice thermal conductivity is reduced significantly.Ultimately,the maximum z T value of La0.8Ti0.1Ga0.1Fe3CoSb12/graphene is higher than that of graphene-free alloy and reaches to 1.0 at 723 K.Such an approach raised by us enriches prospects for future practical application.展开更多
Artificial yarn muscles show great potential in applications requiring low-energy consumption while maintaining high performance. However, conventional designs have been limited by weak ion-yarn muscle interactions an...Artificial yarn muscles show great potential in applications requiring low-energy consumption while maintaining high performance. However, conventional designs have been limited by weak ion-yarn muscle interactions and inefficient “rocking-chair” ion migration. To address these limitations, we present an electrochemical artificial yarn muscle design driven by a dual-ion co-regulation system. By utilizing two reaction channels, this system shortens ion migration pathways, leading to faster and more efficient actuation. During the charging/discharging process, PF_6~- ions react with carbon nanotube yarn, while Li~+ ions react with an Al foil. The intercalation reaction between PF_6~- and collapsed carbon nanotubes allows the yarn muscle to achieve an energy-free high-tension catch state. The dual-ion coordinated yarn muscles exhibit superior contractile stroke, maximum contractile rate, and maximum power densities, exceeding those of “rocking-chair” type ion migration yarn muscles. The dual-ion co-regulation system enhances the ion migration rate during actuation, resulting in improved performance. Moreover, the yarn muscles can withstand high levels of isometric stress, displaying a stress of 61 times that of skeletal muscles and 8 times that of “rocking-chair” type yarn muscles at higher frequencies. This technology holds significant potential for various applications, including prosthetics and robotics.展开更多
BACKGROUND Retroperitoneal fibrosis is an exceptionally rare disease characterized by proliferation of fibrous tissue and inflammation in the retroperitoneum.It features many symptoms in the kidneys and in other organ...BACKGROUND Retroperitoneal fibrosis is an exceptionally rare disease characterized by proliferation of fibrous tissue and inflammation in the retroperitoneum.It features many symptoms in the kidneys and in other organs and usually leads to ureteral obstruction.CASE SUMMARY Here we present 9 consecutive cases of idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis(IRPF)in patients who presented to the Department of Nephrology or Department of Rheumatology,Xuanwu Hospital,Capital Medical University,Beijing,China,between January 2012 and June 2017 with ureteral obstruction due to external compression of the ureter that led to hydronephrosis and kidney dysfunction.Computed tomography imaging was used to identify hydronephrosis and ureteral obstruction and to evaluate kidney function.Each patient was diagnosed with IRPF based on clinical observation and computed tomography examination results.To restore kidney function,a retrograde metallic stent was placed in the ureter under X-ray guidance 2 d after each patient’s admission.No perioperative complications occurred in any patient,but postoperative complications occurred in two patients as follows:Patient 2 had stent migration and repeated metallic stent infections that resolved with treatment;and patient 4 had postoperative hematuria because he resumed normal activities too soon after stent placement(contrary to instruction).Placement of the metallic ureteral stents provided relief from ureteral obstruction and restored kidney function in all patients.CONCLUSION Our 9-case series underscores the utility and efficacy of applying the Resonance®metallic ureteral stent to treat ureteral obstruction in patients with IRPF.For all retroperitoneal fibrosis cases in our series,ureteral stents provided effective relief and were shown to reduce the incidence rate of perioperative and postoperative complications.展开更多
The results of a commissioning experiment on the SILEX-Ⅱlaser facility(formerly known as CAEP-PW)are reported.SILEX-Ⅱis a complete optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification laser facility.The peak power reached...The results of a commissioning experiment on the SILEX-Ⅱlaser facility(formerly known as CAEP-PW)are reported.SILEX-Ⅱis a complete optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification laser facility.The peak power reached about 1 PWin a 30 fs pulse duration during the experiment.The laser contrast was better than 1010 at 20 ps ahead of the main pulse.In the basic laser foil target interaction,a set of experimental data were collected,including spatially resolved x-ray emission,the image of the coherent transition radiation,the harmonic spectra in the direction of reflection,the energy spectra and beam profile of accelerated protons,hot-electron spectra,and transmitted laser energy fraction and spatial distribution.The experimental results show that the laser intensity reached 531020 W/cm^(2) within a 5.8μm focus(FWHM).Significant laser transmission did not occur when the thickness of theCHfoil was equal to or greater than 50 nm.The maximum energy of the accelerated protons in the target normal direction was roughly unchanged when the target thickness varied between 50 nm and 15μm.The maximum proton energy via the target normal sheath field acceleration mechanism was about 21 MeV.We expect the on-target laser intensity to reach 10^(22) W/cm^(2) in the near future,after optimization of the laser focus and upgrade of the laser power to 3 PW.展开更多
Distinct physical properties emerge at the nanoscale in Moirématerials,such as bilayer graphene and layeredmaterial superposition.This study explores similar structural features within a second-generation nickel-...Distinct physical properties emerge at the nanoscale in Moirématerials,such as bilayer graphene and layeredmaterial superposition.This study explores similar structural features within a second-generation nickel-based superalloy,unveiling potential formation mechanisms.Introducing the real space Moiréinversion method(RSMIM)for nanoscale imaging,combined with the transmission electron microscopy(TEM)nano-Moiréinversion method,we reveal spatial angles between specimen and reference lattices in 3D.Simultaneously,we reconstruct the Moirépattern region to deepen us understand the phenomenon of Moiréformation.Focused on face-centered cubicstructures,the research identifies six spatial angles,shedding light on Moirépatterns in the superalloy.TheRSMIM not only enhances understanding but also expands 3D structure measurement capabilities.The RSMIMserved to validate TEM nano-Moiréinversion results,ascertaining the spatial relative angle between lattices,and establishing a theoretical simulation model for Moirépatterns.This study marks a substantial step towarddesigning high-performance nanomaterials by uncovering dynamic Moirévariations.展开更多
Background Yueju Pill,a classic traditional Chinese medicine,shows antidepressant effects rapidly.However,biomarkers that can predict its treatment outcomes in major depressive disorder(MDD)are still lacking.Multimoda...Background Yueju Pill,a classic traditional Chinese medicine,shows antidepressant effects rapidly.However,biomarkers that can predict its treatment outcomes in major depressive disorder(MDD)are still lacking.Multimodal magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)offers a promising avenue to identify such biomarkers.Aims This pilot study aimed to explore whether therapeutic responses to Yueju Pill could be predicted by MRI-derived brain networks and to identify drug-specific biomarkers in comparison to escitalopram,a mainstream antidepressant.Methods We collected multimodal MRI data and blood samples from 28 outpatients with MDD from the Fourth People's Hospital of Taizhou,who were randomly divided into two groups to receive either Yueju Pill(23 g/time/day)or escitalopram(10 mg,two times a day)for 4 days.Morphological and functional brain networks were constructed and used to predict individual changes in symptoms quantified by the 24-item Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD-24)scores and serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)levels.Results After the treatment,both groups exhibited significant reductions in the HAMD-24 scores,while only the Yueju Pill group showed significant increases in the BDNF levels.Gyrification Index-based morphological networks predicted change rates of the HAMD-24 scores in both groups,but sulcus depth-based and cortical thickness-based morphological networks predicted change rates of the HAMD-24 scores and BDNF levels,respectively,only in the Yueju Pill group.Subnetwork analyses revealed that the visual network independently predicted the changes in both the HAMD-24 scores(sulcus depth-based networks)and BDNF levels(cortical thickness-based networks)following Yueju Pill treatment.Conclusions Morphological but not functional brain networks can predict symptom improvement and BDNF changes of patients with MDD after Yueju Pill treatment.Sulcus depth-based and cortical thickness-based morphological brain networks,particularly their visual subnetworks,might serve as Yueju Pill-specific biomarkers for predicting the therapeutic responses.These findings have the potential to guide personalised therapy for patients with MDD early in the therapeutic process.展开更多
Defects are inevitably induced during the fabrication process of a metalens,which will affect the metalens's yield and optical performances.Thus,investigations on the fabrication defects are becoming increasingly ...Defects are inevitably induced during the fabrication process of a metalens,which will affect the metalens's yield and optical performances.Thus,investigations on the fabrication defects are becoming increasingly important for the mass production of metalenses.In this Letter,the optical performances of near-infrared metalenses with four types of fabrication defects are investigated.The results show that the process-induced defects obviously affect the focusing efficiency at λ=940 nm,but they have less impact on the quality of the focal spot.This work provides fabrication guidance for largescale manufacturing of metalenses in the future.展开更多
It's a challenge for detecting the therapeutic targets of a polypharmacological drug from variations in the responsed networks in thedfferentiated populations with complex diseases,as stable coronary heart disease...It's a challenge for detecting the therapeutic targets of a polypharmacological drug from variations in the responsed networks in thedfferentiated populations with complex diseases,as stable coronary heart disease.Here,in an adaptive,31-center,randomized,double-blind trial invoving 920 patients with moderate symptomatic stable angina treated by 14-day Danhong injection(DHI),a kind of polyphamacological drug with high quality control,or placebo(0.9%saline),with 76-day following-up,we firstly confrmed that DHl couldincrease the proportion of patients with clinically significant changes on angina-frequency assessed by Seattle Angina Questionnaire(ASAQ-AF220)(12.78%at Day 30,95%confidence interval[C]5.86-19.71%,P=0.0003,13.82%at Day 6C0,95%CI 6.82-20.82%,P=0.0001and 8.95%at Day 90,95%CI 2.06-15.85%,P=0.01).We also found that there were no significant differences in new-onset major vascularevents(P=0.8502)and serious adverse events(P=0.9105)between DHl and placebo.After performing the RNA sequencing in 62 selectedpatients,we developed a systemic modular approach tp identfy differentilly expressed modules(DEMs)of DHI with the Z_(summay)valueless than 0 compared with the control group,calculated by weighted gene co-expression network analysis(WGCNA),and sketched out thebasic framework on a modular map with 25 functional modules targeted by DII.Furthermore,the effective therapeutic module(ETM),defined as the highest corelation value with the phenotype alteration(SAQ-AF,the change in SAQ-AF at Day 30 from baseline)calculatedby WGCNA,was identifed in the population with the best effect(ASAQ-AF240),which is related to anticoagulation and regulation ofcholesterol metabolism.We assessed the modular flexbility of this ETM using the global topological D value based on Euclidean distance,which is corelated with phenotype alteration(r^(2):0.8204,P=0.019)by linear regression.Our study identified the ant-angina therapeuticmodule in the effective population treated by the multi-target drug.Modular methods facilitate the discovery of network pharmacologicalmechanisms and the advancement of precision medicine.(ClinicalTrials.gov identifier:NCTO1681316).展开更多
Background：The awareness,treatment and prevention of chronic diseases are generally poor among the elderly population of China,whereas the prevention and control of chronic diseases in elderly veteran communities hav...Background：The awareness,treatment and prevention of chronic diseases are generally poor among the elderly population of China,whereas the prevention and control of chronic diseases in elderly veteran communities have been ongoing for more than 30 years.Therefore,investigating the awareness status of chronic disabling neurological diseases （CDND） and common chronic diseases （CCD） among elderly veterans may provide references for related programs among the elderly in the general population.Methods：A cross-sectional survey was conducted among veterans ≥60 years old in veteran communities in Beijing.The awareness of preventive strategies against dementia,Alzheimer＆#39;s disease （AD）,Parkinson＆#39;s disease （PD）,sleep disorders,cerebrovascular disease （CVD） and CCD such as hypertension,and the approaches used to access this information,including media,word of mouth （verbal communication among the elderly） and health care professionals,were investigated via face-to-face interviews.Results：The awareness rates for CCD and CVD were approximately 100%,but that forAD was the lowest at 〈10%.The awareness rates for sleep disorders,PD and dementia,were 51.0-89.4%.Media was the most commonly selected mode of communication by which veterans acquired knowledge about CCD and CVD.Media was used by approximately 80% of veterans.Both health care professionals and word of mouth were used by approximately 50% of veterans.With respect to the source of information about CDND excluding AD,the rates of the use of health care professionals,word of mouth and media were 10.6-28.2%,56.5-76.5%,and approximately 50%,respectively.Conclusions：The awareness of CDND among elderly veterans was significantly lower than that of CCD.More information about CDND should be disseminated by health care professionals.Appropriate guidance will promote the rapid and extensive dissemination of information about the prevention of CDND by media and word-of-mouth peer education.展开更多
Background:Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)and some mimic disorders,such as distal-type cervical spondylotic amyotrophy(LISA),Hirayama disease(HD),and spinobulbar muscular atrophy(SBMA)may present with intrinsic han...Background:Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)and some mimic disorders,such as distal-type cervical spondylotic amyotrophy(LISA),Hirayama disease(HD),and spinobulbar muscular atrophy(SBMA)may present with intrinsic hand muscle atrophy.This study aimed to investigate different patterns of small hand muscle involvement in ALS and some mimic disorders.Methods:We compared the abductor digiti minimi/abductor pollicis brevis(ADM/APB)compound muscle action potential('MAP)ratios between 200 ALS patients,95 patients with distal-type CSA,88 HD patients,43 SBMA patients,and 150 normal controls.Results:The ADM/APB(?MAP amplitude ratio was significantly higher in the ALS patients(P〈0.001)than that in the normal controls.The ADM/APB CMAP amplitude ratio was significantly reduced in the patients with distal-type CSA(P〈0,001)and the H I)patients(P〈0.001)compared with that in the normal controls.The patients with distal-type CSA had significantly lower APB CMAP amplitude than the HD patients(P-0.004).The ADM/APB CMAP amplitude ratio was significantly lower in the HD patients(P〈0.001)than that in the patients with distal-type CSA.The ADM/APB CMAP amplitude ratio of the SBMA patients was similar to that of the normal controls(P=0.862).An absent APB CMAP and an abnormally high ADM/APB CMAP amplitude ratio(_〉4.5)were observed exclusively in the ALS patients.Conclusions:The different patterns of small hand muscle atrophy between the ALS patients and the patients with mimic disorders presumably reflect distinct pathophysiological mechanisms underlying different disorders,and may aid in distinguishing between ALS and mimic disorders.展开更多
Today the developed yarn muscles or actuators still cannot satisfy the requirements of working in high-temperature environ-ments.Thermal resistivity is highly needed in aerospace and industrial protection applications...Today the developed yarn muscles or actuators still cannot satisfy the requirements of working in high-temperature environ-ments.Thermal resistivity is highly needed in aerospace and industrial protection applications.Herein,an artificial muscle with high-temperature tolerance is prepared using carbon nanotube(CNT)wrapped poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole)(PBO)composite yarns.A thermal twisting method was utilized to reorientate the stiff PBO molecular chains into a uniform and twist-stable coiled structure.The CNT/PBO composite yarn muscle generates reversible contractile strokes up to 18.9%under 5.4 MPa tension and outputs 1.3 kJ kg^(-1) energy density.In contrast to previous actuators,which are normally oper-ated at room temperatures,the CNT/PBO composite yarn muscles can work at ambient temperatures up to 300℃ with high contractile stroke and long-term stability.A bionic inchworm robot,a deployable structure,and smart textiles driven by the high-temperature-tolerant yarn muscles were demonstrated,showing the promise as a soft actuator towards high-temperature environment applications.展开更多
Frontotemporal lobe degeneration （FTLD） refers to a neurodegenerative dementia syndrome, which could be clinically classified into behavioral and language variant. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis （ALS） is a progress...Frontotemporal lobe degeneration （FTLD） refers to a neurodegenerative dementia syndrome, which could be clinically classified into behavioral and language variant. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis （ALS） is a progressive neurological disorder involving both upper motor neuron （UMN） and lower motor neuron （LMN）, eventually leading to muscle atrophy and weakness, bulbar palsy, and respiratory failure.展开更多
Microneedle technologies have the potential for expanding the capabilities of wearable health monitoring from physiology to biochemistry.This paper presents the fabrication of silicon hollow microneedles by a deep-rea...Microneedle technologies have the potential for expanding the capabilities of wearable health monitoring from physiology to biochemistry.This paper presents the fabrication of silicon hollow microneedles by a deep-reactive ion etching(DRIE)process,with the aim of exploring the feasibility of microneedle-based in-vivo monitoring of biomarkers in skin fluid.Such devices shall have the ability to allow the sensing elements to be integrated either within the needle borehole or on the backside of the device,relying on capillary filling of the borehole with dermal interstitial fluid(ISF)for transporting clinically relevant biomarkers to the sensor sites.The modified DRIE process was utilized for the anisotropic etching of circular holes with diameters as small as 30μm to a depth of>300μm by enhancing ion bombardment to efficiently remove the fluorocarbon passivation polymer.Afterward,isotropic wet and/or dry etching was utilized to sharpen the needle due to faster etching at the pillar top,achieving tip radii as small as 5μm.Such sharp microneedles have been demonstrated to be sufficiently robust to penetrate porcine skin without needing any aids such as an impact-insertion applicator,with the needles remaining mechanically intact after repetitive penetrations.The capillary filling of DRIE-etched through-wafer holes with water has also been demonstrated,showing the feasibility of use to transport the analyte to the target sites.展开更多
E-beam lithography is a powerful tool for generating nanostructures and fabricating nanodevices with fine features approaching a few nanometers in size.However,alternative approaches to conventional spin coating and d...E-beam lithography is a powerful tool for generating nanostructures and fabricating nanodevices with fine features approaching a few nanometers in size.However,alternative approaches to conventional spin coating and development processes are required to optimize the lithography procedure on irregular surfaces.In this review,we summarize the state of the art in nanofabrication on irregular substrates using e-beam lithography.To overcome these challenges,unconventional methods have been developed.For instance,polymeric and nonpolymeric materials can be sprayed or evaporated to form uniform layers of electron-sensitive materials on irregular substrates.Moreover,chemical bonds can be applied to help form polymer brushes or self-assembled monolayers on these surfaces.In addition,thermal oxides can serve as resists,as the etching rate in solution changes after e-beam exposure.Furthermore,e-beam lithography tools can be combined with cryostages,evaporation systems,and metal deposition chambers for sample development and lift-off while maintaining low temperatures.Metallic nanopyramids can be fabricated on an AFM tip by utilizing ice as a positive resistor.Additionally,Ti/Au caps can be patterned around a carbon nanotube.Moreover,3D nanostructures can be formed on irregular surfaces by exposing layers of anisole on organic ice surfaces with a focused e-beam.These advances in e-beam lithography on irregular substrates,including uniform film coating,instrumentation improvement,and new pattern transferring method development,substantially extend its capabilities in the fabrication and application of nanoscale structures.展开更多
基金supported by the Innovative Research Groups of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 51621092)National Basic Research Program of China ("973" Program, No. 2013CB035904)National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51439005)
文摘During the storehouse surface rolling construction of a core rockfilldam, the spreading thickness of dam face is an important factor that affects the construction quality of the dam storehouse' rolling surface and the overallquality of the entire dam. Currently, the method used to monitor and controlspreading thickness during the dam construction process is artificialsampling check after spreading, which makes it difficult to monitor the entire dam storehouse surface. In this paper, we present an in-depth study based on real-time monitoring and controltheory of storehouse surface rolling construction and obtain the rolling compaction thickness by analyzing the construction track of the rolling machine. Comparatively, the traditionalmethod can only analyze the rolling thickness of the dam storehouse surface after it has been compacted and cannot determine the thickness of the dam storehouse surface in realtime. To solve these problems, our system monitors the construction progress of the leveling machine and employs a real-time spreading thickness monitoring modelbased on the K-nearest neighbor algorithm. Taking the LHK core rockfilldam in Southwest China as an example, we performed real-time monitoring for the spreading thickness and conducted real-time interactive queries regarding the spreading thickness. This approach provides a new method for controlling the spreading thickness of the core rockfilldam storehouse surface.
基金Project supported by the President's Foundation of the ChinaAcademy of Engineering Physics(Grant No.YZJJLX2018003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U2004180 and 12105261)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in Universities,China(Grant No.IRT1234).
文摘Microstructure evolution and hardening effect of pure tungsten and W-1.5%ZrO_(2) alloy under carbon ion irradiation are investigated by using transmission electron microscopy and nano-indentation.Carbon ion irradiation is performed at 700℃ with irradiation damages ranging from 0.25 dpa to 2.0 dpa.The results show that the irradiation defect clusters are mainly in the form of dislocation loop.The size and density of dislocation loops increase with irradiation damages intensifying.The W-1.5%ZrO_(2) alloy has a smaller dislocation loop size than that of pure tungsten.It is proposed that the phase boundaries have the ability to absorb and annihilate defects and the addition of ZrO_(2) phase improves the sink strength for irradiation defects.It is confirmed that the W-1.5% ZrO_(2) alloy shows a smaller change in hardness than the pure tungsten after being irradiated.From the above results,we conclude that the addition of ZrO_(2) into tungsten can significantly reduce the accumulation of irradiated defects and improve the irradiation resistance behaviors of the tungsten materials.
文摘The aim of this present study was to investigate the effects of training on exercise tolerance of patients with coronary heart disease after percutaneous coronary intervention.Fifty-seven cases of coronary heart disease after percutaneous coronary intervention were divided randomly into the rehabilitation training group（26 cases） and control group（31 cases）.Patients in the rehabilitation training group received rehabilitation training at different stages and exercise intensities 3 d after percutaneous coronary intervention for 3 months.The heart rate,blood pressure,ECG changes in treadmill exercise test,and the frequency of anginal episodes were observed.The results showed that NST and ΣST of ECG and the frequency of anginal episodes were significantly reduced in the rehabilitation training group.In addition,exercise tolerance was improved and the total exercise time was lengthened in these patients.Moreover,ST segment depression time and emergence time of angina with exercise were also lengthened compared with controls（P 〈 0.05,or 0.01）.However,the heart rate and blood pressure before and after exercise of the two groups were similar.The study indicated that rehabilitation training could significantly relieve angina,amend ischemic features of ECG,and improve exercise tolerance of coronary heart disease patients after percutaneous coronary intervention.
基金supported by the Grant from National S & T Major Project of China(No2009ZX09301-012)
文摘A series of 2,5-disubstituted pyrimido[5,4-c]quinoline derivatives were synthesized and their cytotoxic activity against H460, HT-29 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines was evaluated in vitro.It was found that most of the tested compounds especially compound 17, shown stronger activity to the selected three cell lines than ZM447439.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51622101,51771065,and 51471061)
文摘Nanocomposite is proved to be an effective method to improve thermoelectric performance.In the present study,graphene is introduced into p-type skutterudite La0.8Ti0.1Ga0.1Fe3CoSb12 by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition（PECVD）method to form skutterudite/graphene nanocomposites.It is demonstrated that the graphene has no obvious effect on the electrical conductivity of La0.8Ti0.1Ga0.1Fe3CoSb12,but the Seebeck coefficient is slightly improved at high temperature,thereby leading to high power factor.Furthermore,due to the enhancement of phonon scattering by the graphene,the lattice thermal conductivity is reduced significantly.Ultimately,the maximum z T value of La0.8Ti0.1Ga0.1Fe3CoSb12/graphene is higher than that of graphene-free alloy and reaches to 1.0 at 723 K.Such an approach raised by us enriches prospects for future practical application.
基金financial support obtained from the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2020YFB1312900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21975281)+1 种基金Key Research Project of Zhejiang lab (No. K2022NB0AC04)Jiangxi Double Thousand Talent Program (No. jxsq2020101008)。
文摘Artificial yarn muscles show great potential in applications requiring low-energy consumption while maintaining high performance. However, conventional designs have been limited by weak ion-yarn muscle interactions and inefficient “rocking-chair” ion migration. To address these limitations, we present an electrochemical artificial yarn muscle design driven by a dual-ion co-regulation system. By utilizing two reaction channels, this system shortens ion migration pathways, leading to faster and more efficient actuation. During the charging/discharging process, PF_6~- ions react with carbon nanotube yarn, while Li~+ ions react with an Al foil. The intercalation reaction between PF_6~- and collapsed carbon nanotubes allows the yarn muscle to achieve an energy-free high-tension catch state. The dual-ion coordinated yarn muscles exhibit superior contractile stroke, maximum contractile rate, and maximum power densities, exceeding those of “rocking-chair” type ion migration yarn muscles. The dual-ion co-regulation system enhances the ion migration rate during actuation, resulting in improved performance. Moreover, the yarn muscles can withstand high levels of isometric stress, displaying a stress of 61 times that of skeletal muscles and 8 times that of “rocking-chair” type yarn muscles at higher frequencies. This technology holds significant potential for various applications, including prosthetics and robotics.
文摘BACKGROUND Retroperitoneal fibrosis is an exceptionally rare disease characterized by proliferation of fibrous tissue and inflammation in the retroperitoneum.It features many symptoms in the kidneys and in other organs and usually leads to ureteral obstruction.CASE SUMMARY Here we present 9 consecutive cases of idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis(IRPF)in patients who presented to the Department of Nephrology or Department of Rheumatology,Xuanwu Hospital,Capital Medical University,Beijing,China,between January 2012 and June 2017 with ureteral obstruction due to external compression of the ureter that led to hydronephrosis and kidney dysfunction.Computed tomography imaging was used to identify hydronephrosis and ureteral obstruction and to evaluate kidney function.Each patient was diagnosed with IRPF based on clinical observation and computed tomography examination results.To restore kidney function,a retrograde metallic stent was placed in the ureter under X-ray guidance 2 d after each patient’s admission.No perioperative complications occurred in any patient,but postoperative complications occurred in two patients as follows:Patient 2 had stent migration and repeated metallic stent infections that resolved with treatment;and patient 4 had postoperative hematuria because he resumed normal activities too soon after stent placement(contrary to instruction).Placement of the metallic ureteral stents provided relief from ureteral obstruction and restored kidney function in all patients.CONCLUSION Our 9-case series underscores the utility and efficacy of applying the Resonance®metallic ureteral stent to treat ureteral obstruction in patients with IRPF.For all retroperitoneal fibrosis cases in our series,ureteral stents provided effective relief and were shown to reduce the incidence rate of perioperative and postoperative complications.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Program for S&T Research and Development(Grant No.2018YFA0404804)the Science Challenge Project(Grant No.TZ2016005)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11805181).
文摘The results of a commissioning experiment on the SILEX-Ⅱlaser facility(formerly known as CAEP-PW)are reported.SILEX-Ⅱis a complete optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification laser facility.The peak power reached about 1 PWin a 30 fs pulse duration during the experiment.The laser contrast was better than 1010 at 20 ps ahead of the main pulse.In the basic laser foil target interaction,a set of experimental data were collected,including spatially resolved x-ray emission,the image of the coherent transition radiation,the harmonic spectra in the direction of reflection,the energy spectra and beam profile of accelerated protons,hot-electron spectra,and transmitted laser energy fraction and spatial distribution.The experimental results show that the laser intensity reached 531020 W/cm^(2) within a 5.8μm focus(FWHM).Significant laser transmission did not occur when the thickness of theCHfoil was equal to or greater than 50 nm.The maximum energy of the accelerated protons in the target normal direction was roughly unchanged when the target thickness varied between 50 nm and 15μm.The maximum proton energy via the target normal sheath field acceleration mechanism was about 21 MeV.We expect the on-target laser intensity to reach 10^(22) W/cm^(2) in the near future,after optimization of the laser focus and upgrade of the laser power to 3 PW.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grand Nos.12002053,12372178 and 12327801)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grand No.1204033).
文摘Distinct physical properties emerge at the nanoscale in Moirématerials,such as bilayer graphene and layeredmaterial superposition.This study explores similar structural features within a second-generation nickel-based superalloy,unveiling potential formation mechanisms.Introducing the real space Moiréinversion method(RSMIM)for nanoscale imaging,combined with the transmission electron microscopy(TEM)nano-Moiréinversion method,we reveal spatial angles between specimen and reference lattices in 3D.Simultaneously,we reconstruct the Moirépattern region to deepen us understand the phenomenon of Moiréformation.Focused on face-centered cubicstructures,the research identifies six spatial angles,shedding light on Moirépatterns in the superalloy.TheRSMIM not only enhances understanding but also expands 3D structure measurement capabilities.The RSMIMserved to validate TEM nano-Moiréinversion results,ascertaining the spatial relative angle between lattices,and establishing a theoretical simulation model for Moirépatterns.This study marks a substantial step towarddesigning high-performance nanomaterials by uncovering dynamic Moirévariations.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFE0201000)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82472092,82174002,81874374 and 81673625)+2 种基金a grant from the Research Center for Brain Cognition and Human Development,Guangdong,China(No.2024B0303390003)Key Realm R&D Program of Guangzhou(No.202206010109)Taizhou Science and Technology Support Program(Social Development)project(No.TS2016-12).
文摘Background Yueju Pill,a classic traditional Chinese medicine,shows antidepressant effects rapidly.However,biomarkers that can predict its treatment outcomes in major depressive disorder(MDD)are still lacking.Multimodal magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)offers a promising avenue to identify such biomarkers.Aims This pilot study aimed to explore whether therapeutic responses to Yueju Pill could be predicted by MRI-derived brain networks and to identify drug-specific biomarkers in comparison to escitalopram,a mainstream antidepressant.Methods We collected multimodal MRI data and blood samples from 28 outpatients with MDD from the Fourth People's Hospital of Taizhou,who were randomly divided into two groups to receive either Yueju Pill(23 g/time/day)or escitalopram(10 mg,two times a day)for 4 days.Morphological and functional brain networks were constructed and used to predict individual changes in symptoms quantified by the 24-item Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD-24)scores and serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)levels.Results After the treatment,both groups exhibited significant reductions in the HAMD-24 scores,while only the Yueju Pill group showed significant increases in the BDNF levels.Gyrification Index-based morphological networks predicted change rates of the HAMD-24 scores in both groups,but sulcus depth-based and cortical thickness-based morphological networks predicted change rates of the HAMD-24 scores and BDNF levels,respectively,only in the Yueju Pill group.Subnetwork analyses revealed that the visual network independently predicted the changes in both the HAMD-24 scores(sulcus depth-based networks)and BDNF levels(cortical thickness-based networks)following Yueju Pill treatment.Conclusions Morphological but not functional brain networks can predict symptom improvement and BDNF changes of patients with MDD after Yueju Pill treatment.Sulcus depth-based and cortical thickness-based morphological brain networks,particularly their visual subnetworks,might serve as Yueju Pill-specific biomarkers for predicting the therapeutic responses.These findings have the potential to guide personalised therapy for patients with MDD early in the therapeutic process.
基金supported by the Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Intelligent Sensing Chip Technology,National Key Laboratory of Infrared Detection Technologies(No.IRDT-23-08)the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chips and Systems for Intelligent Connected Vehicle,National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62204149,62205193,and U23A20356)the Shanghai Technical Service Computing Center of Science and Engineering,Shanghai University。
文摘Defects are inevitably induced during the fabrication process of a metalens,which will affect the metalens's yield and optical performances.Thus,investigations on the fabrication defects are becoming increasingly important for the mass production of metalenses.In this Letter,the optical performances of near-infrared metalenses with four types of fabrication defects are investigated.The results show that the process-induced defects obviously affect the focusing efficiency at λ=940 nm,but they have less impact on the quality of the focal spot.This work provides fabrication guidance for largescale manufacturing of metalenses in the future.
基金funded by China National Science and Technology Major Project for"Significant New Drugs Development"(2011ZX09304-07)National Natural Science Foundation of China(81673833)China Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public Welfare Research Institutes(ZZ0908029).
文摘It's a challenge for detecting the therapeutic targets of a polypharmacological drug from variations in the responsed networks in thedfferentiated populations with complex diseases,as stable coronary heart disease.Here,in an adaptive,31-center,randomized,double-blind trial invoving 920 patients with moderate symptomatic stable angina treated by 14-day Danhong injection(DHI),a kind of polyphamacological drug with high quality control,or placebo(0.9%saline),with 76-day following-up,we firstly confrmed that DHl couldincrease the proportion of patients with clinically significant changes on angina-frequency assessed by Seattle Angina Questionnaire(ASAQ-AF220)(12.78%at Day 30,95%confidence interval[C]5.86-19.71%,P=0.0003,13.82%at Day 6C0,95%CI 6.82-20.82%,P=0.0001and 8.95%at Day 90,95%CI 2.06-15.85%,P=0.01).We also found that there were no significant differences in new-onset major vascularevents(P=0.8502)and serious adverse events(P=0.9105)between DHl and placebo.After performing the RNA sequencing in 62 selectedpatients,we developed a systemic modular approach tp identfy differentilly expressed modules(DEMs)of DHI with the Z_(summay)valueless than 0 compared with the control group,calculated by weighted gene co-expression network analysis(WGCNA),and sketched out thebasic framework on a modular map with 25 functional modules targeted by DII.Furthermore,the effective therapeutic module(ETM),defined as the highest corelation value with the phenotype alteration(SAQ-AF,the change in SAQ-AF at Day 30 from baseline)calculatedby WGCNA,was identifed in the population with the best effect(ASAQ-AF240),which is related to anticoagulation and regulation ofcholesterol metabolism.We assessed the modular flexbility of this ETM using the global topological D value based on Euclidean distance,which is corelated with phenotype alteration(r^(2):0.8204,P=0.019)by linear regression.Our study identified the ant-angina therapeuticmodule in the effective population treated by the multi-target drug.Modular methods facilitate the discovery of network pharmacologicalmechanisms and the advancement of precision medicine.(ClinicalTrials.gov identifier:NCTO1681316).
文摘Background：The awareness,treatment and prevention of chronic diseases are generally poor among the elderly population of China,whereas the prevention and control of chronic diseases in elderly veteran communities have been ongoing for more than 30 years.Therefore,investigating the awareness status of chronic disabling neurological diseases （CDND） and common chronic diseases （CCD） among elderly veterans may provide references for related programs among the elderly in the general population.Methods：A cross-sectional survey was conducted among veterans ≥60 years old in veteran communities in Beijing.The awareness of preventive strategies against dementia,Alzheimer＆#39;s disease （AD）,Parkinson＆#39;s disease （PD）,sleep disorders,cerebrovascular disease （CVD） and CCD such as hypertension,and the approaches used to access this information,including media,word of mouth （verbal communication among the elderly） and health care professionals,were investigated via face-to-face interviews.Results：The awareness rates for CCD and CVD were approximately 100%,but that forAD was the lowest at 〈10%.The awareness rates for sleep disorders,PD and dementia,were 51.0-89.4%.Media was the most commonly selected mode of communication by which veterans acquired knowledge about CCD and CVD.Media was used by approximately 80% of veterans.Both health care professionals and word of mouth were used by approximately 50% of veterans.With respect to the source of information about CDND excluding AD,the rates of the use of health care professionals,word of mouth and media were 10.6-28.2%,56.5-76.5%,and approximately 50%,respectively.Conclusions：The awareness of CDND among elderly veterans was significantly lower than that of CCD.More information about CDND should be disseminated by health care professionals.Appropriate guidance will promote the rapid and extensive dissemination of information about the prevention of CDND by media and word-of-mouth peer education.
文摘Background:Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)and some mimic disorders,such as distal-type cervical spondylotic amyotrophy(LISA),Hirayama disease(HD),and spinobulbar muscular atrophy(SBMA)may present with intrinsic hand muscle atrophy.This study aimed to investigate different patterns of small hand muscle involvement in ALS and some mimic disorders.Methods:We compared the abductor digiti minimi/abductor pollicis brevis(ADM/APB)compound muscle action potential('MAP)ratios between 200 ALS patients,95 patients with distal-type CSA,88 HD patients,43 SBMA patients,and 150 normal controls.Results:The ADM/APB(?MAP amplitude ratio was significantly higher in the ALS patients(P〈0.001)than that in the normal controls.The ADM/APB CMAP amplitude ratio was significantly reduced in the patients with distal-type CSA(P〈0,001)and the H I)patients(P〈0.001)compared with that in the normal controls.The patients with distal-type CSA had significantly lower APB CMAP amplitude than the HD patients(P-0.004).The ADM/APB CMAP amplitude ratio was significantly lower in the HD patients(P〈0.001)than that in the patients with distal-type CSA.The ADM/APB CMAP amplitude ratio of the SBMA patients was similar to that of the normal controls(P=0.862).An absent APB CMAP and an abnormally high ADM/APB CMAP amplitude ratio(_〉4.5)were observed exclusively in the ALS patients.Conclusions:The different patterns of small hand muscle atrophy between the ALS patients and the patients with mimic disorders presumably reflect distinct pathophysiological mechanisms underlying different disorders,and may aid in distinguishing between ALS and mimic disorders.
基金The authors acknowledge the financial support obtained from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFB1312902)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21975281)The authors are also grateful for the technical support for Nano-X from Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics,Chinese Academy of Sciences(SINANO).
文摘Today the developed yarn muscles or actuators still cannot satisfy the requirements of working in high-temperature environ-ments.Thermal resistivity is highly needed in aerospace and industrial protection applications.Herein,an artificial muscle with high-temperature tolerance is prepared using carbon nanotube(CNT)wrapped poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole)(PBO)composite yarns.A thermal twisting method was utilized to reorientate the stiff PBO molecular chains into a uniform and twist-stable coiled structure.The CNT/PBO composite yarn muscle generates reversible contractile strokes up to 18.9%under 5.4 MPa tension and outputs 1.3 kJ kg^(-1) energy density.In contrast to previous actuators,which are normally oper-ated at room temperatures,the CNT/PBO composite yarn muscles can work at ambient temperatures up to 300℃ with high contractile stroke and long-term stability.A bionic inchworm robot,a deployable structure,and smart textiles driven by the high-temperature-tolerant yarn muscles were demonstrated,showing the promise as a soft actuator towards high-temperature environment applications.
文摘Frontotemporal lobe degeneration （FTLD） refers to a neurodegenerative dementia syndrome, which could be clinically classified into behavioral and language variant. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis （ALS） is a progressive neurological disorder involving both upper motor neuron （UMN） and lower motor neuron （LMN）, eventually leading to muscle atrophy and weakness, bulbar palsy, and respiratory failure.
基金The work was funded by ExVivo Labs Inc.,OCE and NSERC.
文摘Microneedle technologies have the potential for expanding the capabilities of wearable health monitoring from physiology to biochemistry.This paper presents the fabrication of silicon hollow microneedles by a deep-reactive ion etching(DRIE)process,with the aim of exploring the feasibility of microneedle-based in-vivo monitoring of biomarkers in skin fluid.Such devices shall have the ability to allow the sensing elements to be integrated either within the needle borehole or on the backside of the device,relying on capillary filling of the borehole with dermal interstitial fluid(ISF)for transporting clinically relevant biomarkers to the sensor sites.The modified DRIE process was utilized for the anisotropic etching of circular holes with diameters as small as 30μm to a depth of>300μm by enhancing ion bombardment to efficiently remove the fluorocarbon passivation polymer.Afterward,isotropic wet and/or dry etching was utilized to sharpen the needle due to faster etching at the pillar top,achieving tip radii as small as 5μm.Such sharp microneedles have been demonstrated to be sufficiently robust to penetrate porcine skin without needing any aids such as an impact-insertion applicator,with the needles remaining mechanically intact after repetitive penetrations.The capillary filling of DRIE-etched through-wafer holes with water has also been demonstrated,showing the feasibility of use to transport the analyte to the target sites.
文摘E-beam lithography is a powerful tool for generating nanostructures and fabricating nanodevices with fine features approaching a few nanometers in size.However,alternative approaches to conventional spin coating and development processes are required to optimize the lithography procedure on irregular surfaces.In this review,we summarize the state of the art in nanofabrication on irregular substrates using e-beam lithography.To overcome these challenges,unconventional methods have been developed.For instance,polymeric and nonpolymeric materials can be sprayed or evaporated to form uniform layers of electron-sensitive materials on irregular substrates.Moreover,chemical bonds can be applied to help form polymer brushes or self-assembled monolayers on these surfaces.In addition,thermal oxides can serve as resists,as the etching rate in solution changes after e-beam exposure.Furthermore,e-beam lithography tools can be combined with cryostages,evaporation systems,and metal deposition chambers for sample development and lift-off while maintaining low temperatures.Metallic nanopyramids can be fabricated on an AFM tip by utilizing ice as a positive resistor.Additionally,Ti/Au caps can be patterned around a carbon nanotube.Moreover,3D nanostructures can be formed on irregular surfaces by exposing layers of anisole on organic ice surfaces with a focused e-beam.These advances in e-beam lithography on irregular substrates,including uniform film coating,instrumentation improvement,and new pattern transferring method development,substantially extend its capabilities in the fabrication and application of nanoscale structures.
