Emerging evidence suggests that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is associated with the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease(PD),a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder.The microbiota-gut-brain axis plays a crucial role...Emerging evidence suggests that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is associated with the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease(PD),a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder.The microbiota-gut-brain axis plays a crucial role in the development and progression of PD,and numerous studies have demonstrated the potential therapeutic benefits of modulations in the intestinal microbiota.This review provides insights into the characterization of the gut microbiota in patients with PD and highlights associations with clinical symptoms and underlying mechanisms.The discussion underscores the increased influence of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of PD.While the relationship is not fully elucidated,existing research demonstrates a strong correlation between changes in the composition of gut microbiota and disease development,and further investigation is warranted to explain the specific underlying mechanisms.展开更多
Oligomeric electron acceptors have attracted increasing attention in organic solar cells(OSCs)for their high stability and low voltage losses,despite complex synthesis and poor solubility due to large conjugated syste...Oligomeric electron acceptors have attracted increasing attention in organic solar cells(OSCs)for their high stability and low voltage losses,despite complex synthesis and poor solubility due to large conjugated systems.In this work,a simple oligomer,DT-6IC based on a Y-series electron acceptor,has been developed to show excellent solubility,and hence can be used to tune the microstructure of the photoactive layer to achieve high-performance OSCs.DT-6IC is synthesized via one-step reaction between an electron-rich aromatic diamine based on Y-acceptor and hexaketocyclohexane to provide the key precursor,followed by two typical steps.Its“three-blade propeller”configuration,with each Y-acceptor forming a blade,results in highly twisted conjugated backbones,contributing to its high solubility.Additionally,DT-6IC exhibits cascade frontier energy levels with other donor polymer and Y-acceptors,high photoluminescence,and enhanced electron transport via the 3D structure.As a consequence,ternary OSCs based on DT-6IC as the third component provide a high efficiency of 19.04%,a substantial advancement over the 17.75%of binary OSCs.This work provides a simple synthetic method to obtain highly soluble oligomeric electron acceptors and demonstrates that these 3D twist acceptors have the great potential to realize high-performance OSCs.展开更多
Ageing is often accompanied with a decline in immune system function,resulting in immune ageing.Numerous studies have focussed on the changes in different lymphocyte subsets in diseases and immunosenescence.The change...Ageing is often accompanied with a decline in immune system function,resulting in immune ageing.Numerous studies have focussed on the changes in different lymphocyte subsets in diseases and immunosenescence.The change in immune phenotype is a key indication of the diseased or healthy status.However,the changes in lymphocyte number and phenotype brought about by ageing have not been comprehensively analysed.Here,we analysed T and natural killer(NK)cell subsets,the phenotype and cell differentiation states in 43,096 healthy individuals,aged 20–88 years,without known diseases.Thirty-six immune parameters were analysed and the reference ranges of these subsets were established in different age groups divided into 5-year intervals.The data were subjected to random forest machine learning for immune-ageing modelling and confirmed using the neural network analysis.Our initial analysis and machine modelling prediction showed that na.ve T cells decreased with ageing,whereas central memory T cells(Tcm)and effector memory T cells(Tem)increased cluster of differentiation(CD)28-associated T cells.This is the largest study to investigate the correlation between age and immune cell function in a Chinese population,and provides insightful differences,suggesting that healthy adults might be considerably influenced by age and sex.The age of a person's immune system might be different from their chronological age.Our immune-ageing modelling study is one of the largest studies to provide insights into‘immune-age’rather than‘biological-age’.Through machine learning,we identified immune factors influencing the most through ageing and built a model for immune-ageing prediction.Our research not only reveals the impact of age on immune parameter differences within the Chinese population,but also provides new insights for monitoring and preventing some diseases in clinical practice.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82071257 and 82371254)Beijing Municipal Bureau of Economy and Information Technology(No.JX2023YJ021)
文摘Emerging evidence suggests that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is associated with the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease(PD),a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder.The microbiota-gut-brain axis plays a crucial role in the development and progression of PD,and numerous studies have demonstrated the potential therapeutic benefits of modulations in the intestinal microbiota.This review provides insights into the characterization of the gut microbiota in patients with PD and highlights associations with clinical symptoms and underlying mechanisms.The discussion underscores the increased influence of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of PD.While the relationship is not fully elucidated,existing research demonstrates a strong correlation between changes in the composition of gut microbiota and disease development,and further investigation is warranted to explain the specific underlying mechanisms.
基金supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(grant nos.JQ21006 and 2212045)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos.92163128 and 52073016)+2 种基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(grant nos.buctrc201828,XK1802-2,buctrc202111,and BH2313)L.Ding thanks the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFE0116800)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(IS23037)for financial support.
文摘Oligomeric electron acceptors have attracted increasing attention in organic solar cells(OSCs)for their high stability and low voltage losses,despite complex synthesis and poor solubility due to large conjugated systems.In this work,a simple oligomer,DT-6IC based on a Y-series electron acceptor,has been developed to show excellent solubility,and hence can be used to tune the microstructure of the photoactive layer to achieve high-performance OSCs.DT-6IC is synthesized via one-step reaction between an electron-rich aromatic diamine based on Y-acceptor and hexaketocyclohexane to provide the key precursor,followed by two typical steps.Its“three-blade propeller”configuration,with each Y-acceptor forming a blade,results in highly twisted conjugated backbones,contributing to its high solubility.Additionally,DT-6IC exhibits cascade frontier energy levels with other donor polymer and Y-acceptors,high photoluminescence,and enhanced electron transport via the 3D structure.As a consequence,ternary OSCs based on DT-6IC as the third component provide a high efficiency of 19.04%,a substantial advancement over the 17.75%of binary OSCs.This work provides a simple synthetic method to obtain highly soluble oligomeric electron acceptors and demonstrates that these 3D twist acceptors have the great potential to realize high-performance OSCs.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFA0803502 to Z.Y.)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32030036 and 31830021 to Z.Y.)+6 种基金the 111 Project(B16021 to Z.Y.)Natural Science Foundation of China(81971301 and 32050410285 to O.J.L.)Guangzhou Planned Project of Science and Technology(202002020039 to O.J.L.)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2021A1515110734 to Z.R.)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology,The First Affiliated Hospital,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou,China(2013A061401007,2017B030314018,2020B1212060026)Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology(Organ Transplantation)The First Affiliated Hospital,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou,China(2015B050501002,2020A0505020003).
文摘Ageing is often accompanied with a decline in immune system function,resulting in immune ageing.Numerous studies have focussed on the changes in different lymphocyte subsets in diseases and immunosenescence.The change in immune phenotype is a key indication of the diseased or healthy status.However,the changes in lymphocyte number and phenotype brought about by ageing have not been comprehensively analysed.Here,we analysed T and natural killer(NK)cell subsets,the phenotype and cell differentiation states in 43,096 healthy individuals,aged 20–88 years,without known diseases.Thirty-six immune parameters were analysed and the reference ranges of these subsets were established in different age groups divided into 5-year intervals.The data were subjected to random forest machine learning for immune-ageing modelling and confirmed using the neural network analysis.Our initial analysis and machine modelling prediction showed that na.ve T cells decreased with ageing,whereas central memory T cells(Tcm)and effector memory T cells(Tem)increased cluster of differentiation(CD)28-associated T cells.This is the largest study to investigate the correlation between age and immune cell function in a Chinese population,and provides insightful differences,suggesting that healthy adults might be considerably influenced by age and sex.The age of a person's immune system might be different from their chronological age.Our immune-ageing modelling study is one of the largest studies to provide insights into‘immune-age’rather than‘biological-age’.Through machine learning,we identified immune factors influencing the most through ageing and built a model for immune-ageing prediction.Our research not only reveals the impact of age on immune parameter differences within the Chinese population,but also provides new insights for monitoring and preventing some diseases in clinical practice.
