5G-Advanced(5G-A),an evolutionary iteration of 5G,effectively enhances 5G services.The increasing complexity in downlink services scenarios stresses the necessity for research into the integration of efficient communi...5G-Advanced(5G-A),an evolutionary iteration of 5G,effectively enhances 5G services.The increasing complexity in downlink services scenarios stresses the necessity for research into the integration of efficient communication with low-carbon solutions.Historically,there has been an emphasis on reliability and precision,at the expense of power consumption.Although energy-saving technologies like Idle mode-Discontinuous Reception(IDRX)and Paging Early Indication(PEI)have been introduced to reduce power consumption in UE,they have not been fully tailored to the paging characteristics of 5G-A downlink services.In this paper,we take full account of the impact of paging message density on energy saving measures and propose an enhanced paging technology,termed Predictive-PEI(PPEI),which is designed to reduce UE overhead while minimizing latency whenever possible.Towards this end,we design a dual threshold decision framework founded on machine learning,mainly involving two steps.We first use the LSTM-FNN neural network to forecast the arrival moment of upcoming paging messages based on past real information.Then,the output of the initial prediction is as the input of the next dual threshold decision algorithm,to determine the optimal moment for transmitting the PEI.The restrictive factors,encompass average delay threshold and cache capacity threshold,playing a role in decisions regarding paging message caching and decoding.Compared to the existing schemes,our PPEI scheme flexibly sends efficient PEI according to the actual paging characteristics by introducing machine learning,resulting in substantial power savings of up to 38.89%while concurrently ensuring effective latency control.展开更多
Aqueous zinc metal batteries (ZMBs) are considered as the most promising candidate for large-scale energy storage system due to their abundant reserves and high safety. To achieve highly stable zinc metalbatteries, it...Aqueous zinc metal batteries (ZMBs) are considered as the most promising candidate for large-scale energy storage system due to their abundant reserves and high safety. To achieve highly stable zinc metalbatteries, it is imperative to inhibit the unavoidable dendrite growth, which leads to the non-uniformzinc deposition and even makes the battery short circuit. Herein, Sn coating is loaded on copper foil(SCF) by a simple electrodeposition to guide the uniform zinc deposition, which not only lowers the zincnucleation overpotential but also promotes the uniform zinc deposition/dissolution. As a result, the Znplated SCF (Zn@SCF) anode presents a low voltage hysteresis of ∼40 mV and a superior stability over270 h in symmetric cells at a current density of 1 mA cm^(−2). Furthermore, the Zn@SCF anode can realizethe improved performance for full cells paired with α-MnO_(2) cathode. This work provides a simple andeffective approach to modify the Zn anode for improved electrochemical performance of ZMBs.展开更多
基金supported in part by the State Grid Corporation Headquarters Science and Technology Project(Project Code:5108-202218280A-2-410-XG)in part by Beijing New Generation Information and Communication Technology Innovation Project(Project Code:Z231100005923026).
文摘5G-Advanced(5G-A),an evolutionary iteration of 5G,effectively enhances 5G services.The increasing complexity in downlink services scenarios stresses the necessity for research into the integration of efficient communication with low-carbon solutions.Historically,there has been an emphasis on reliability and precision,at the expense of power consumption.Although energy-saving technologies like Idle mode-Discontinuous Reception(IDRX)and Paging Early Indication(PEI)have been introduced to reduce power consumption in UE,they have not been fully tailored to the paging characteristics of 5G-A downlink services.In this paper,we take full account of the impact of paging message density on energy saving measures and propose an enhanced paging technology,termed Predictive-PEI(PPEI),which is designed to reduce UE overhead while minimizing latency whenever possible.Towards this end,we design a dual threshold decision framework founded on machine learning,mainly involving two steps.We first use the LSTM-FNN neural network to forecast the arrival moment of upcoming paging messages based on past real information.Then,the output of the initial prediction is as the input of the next dual threshold decision algorithm,to determine the optimal moment for transmitting the PEI.The restrictive factors,encompass average delay threshold and cache capacity threshold,playing a role in decisions regarding paging message caching and decoding.Compared to the existing schemes,our PPEI scheme flexibly sends efficient PEI according to the actual paging characteristics by introducing machine learning,resulting in substantial power savings of up to 38.89%while concurrently ensuring effective latency control.
基金The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52122107 and 51972224).
文摘Aqueous zinc metal batteries (ZMBs) are considered as the most promising candidate for large-scale energy storage system due to their abundant reserves and high safety. To achieve highly stable zinc metalbatteries, it is imperative to inhibit the unavoidable dendrite growth, which leads to the non-uniformzinc deposition and even makes the battery short circuit. Herein, Sn coating is loaded on copper foil(SCF) by a simple electrodeposition to guide the uniform zinc deposition, which not only lowers the zincnucleation overpotential but also promotes the uniform zinc deposition/dissolution. As a result, the Znplated SCF (Zn@SCF) anode presents a low voltage hysteresis of ∼40 mV and a superior stability over270 h in symmetric cells at a current density of 1 mA cm^(−2). Furthermore, the Zn@SCF anode can realizethe improved performance for full cells paired with α-MnO_(2) cathode. This work provides a simple andeffective approach to modify the Zn anode for improved electrochemical performance of ZMBs.
