Oil palm biomass(OPB)represents major portion of the lignocellulosic waste in Malaysia that can be converted into bio-oil.This review aims to provide important insights in OPB-derived bio-oil production by first discu...Oil palm biomass(OPB)represents major portion of the lignocellulosic waste in Malaysia that can be converted into bio-oil.This review aims to provide important insights in OPB-derived bio-oil production by first discussing the chemical compositions of different OPB and their effects to the bio-oil yield and quality obtained from pyrolysis process,followed by discussing the addition of plastics and catalysts into the pyrolysis for bio-oil upgrading,and lastly summarizing the existing technoeconomic and environmental studies and the potential use of process integration and intensification in this topic.Polypropene(PP),low density polyethylene(LDPE),and high density polyethylene(HDPE)have been commonly used in co-pyrolysis of OPB,which can effectively increase the heating value of bio-oil up to 80%that of diesel.Likewise,acidic,basic,and neutral catalysts have been applied to increase the amount of hydrocarbon and phenol in the bio-oil,further improving the heating value to be comparable to diesel.The bio-oil production from OPB is currently still limited to demonstration scale despite the favorable environmental compatibility and technoeconomic feasibility shown by studies focused on empty fruit bunch(EFB).Several promising advanced pyrolysis processes that integrate other processes such as anaerobic digestion,hydrogen production process,and heat and power generation units as well as the advanced reactor designs are also overviewed here as future innovation of the bio-oil production from OPB,which may play more significant role as the technology matures.展开更多
The escalating climate crisis necessitates an urgent shift towards a sustainable business model.Un-der the context of bioeconomy,it has offered a promising alternative through its“Biomass-to-X”strategy for convertin...The escalating climate crisis necessitates an urgent shift towards a sustainable business model.Un-der the context of bioeconomy,it has offered a promising alternative through its“Biomass-to-X”strategy for converting biological resources into value-added products or chemicals.However,the adoption of this approach remains scarce,which highlights the need to leverage digital technolo-gies to enhance its feasibility.Thus,this paper provides a comprehensive overview of the potential role of digital technologies in the Biomass-to-X supply chain,encompassing the entire value chain from upstream to downstream activities,specifically in the areas of 1)lab-to-fabrication transla-tion,2)biomanufacturing stage,and lastly,3)supply chain management stage.Furthermore,this study identifies and discusses research gaps in each niche area,along with potential future re-search prospects to facilitate the transition towards a sustainable bioeconomy,making it a crucial reference for stakeholders involved in decision-making processes.展开更多
Energy efficiency and economic viability are the often-quoted issues in aquaponic farming.This work aims to(i)identify process technologies and technical measures which would enhance the profitability of aquaponics bu...Energy efficiency and economic viability are the often-quoted issues in aquaponic farming.This work aims to(i)identify process technologies and technical measures which would enhance the profitability of aquaponics business while conserving energy and other resources,and(ii)to validate the determined optimal measures on the testing aquaponics farm.The process network synthesis technique was used to search for an optimal process pathway while the image processing technique was applied to automatically monitor the growth rate of produce since it is the main revenue stream in aquaponics.With the aid of P-graph method,the optimal feasible structure has 9 times higher annual net income than that of the existing process.This optimal solution includes the integration of electrical heat pump,biogas system,and utilizes black solider fly(BSF)facility to produce fish feed.Additional light energy savings were achieved by practical installation of reflective foils which improved 16.88%of Photosynthetic photon flux density(PPFD)on growth beds.These measures can help the aquaponics farms to become more competitive and to decrease their ecological footprint.展开更多
基金the funding support in the form of Research Supervision Grant(2-5545)from Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak Campus and Fundamental Research Grant Scheme(Grant number:FRGS/1/2020/TK0/SWIN/03/3)from Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia.
文摘Oil palm biomass(OPB)represents major portion of the lignocellulosic waste in Malaysia that can be converted into bio-oil.This review aims to provide important insights in OPB-derived bio-oil production by first discussing the chemical compositions of different OPB and their effects to the bio-oil yield and quality obtained from pyrolysis process,followed by discussing the addition of plastics and catalysts into the pyrolysis for bio-oil upgrading,and lastly summarizing the existing technoeconomic and environmental studies and the potential use of process integration and intensification in this topic.Polypropene(PP),low density polyethylene(LDPE),and high density polyethylene(HDPE)have been commonly used in co-pyrolysis of OPB,which can effectively increase the heating value of bio-oil up to 80%that of diesel.Likewise,acidic,basic,and neutral catalysts have been applied to increase the amount of hydrocarbon and phenol in the bio-oil,further improving the heating value to be comparable to diesel.The bio-oil production from OPB is currently still limited to demonstration scale despite the favorable environmental compatibility and technoeconomic feasibility shown by studies focused on empty fruit bunch(EFB).Several promising advanced pyrolysis processes that integrate other processes such as anaerobic digestion,hydrogen production process,and heat and power generation units as well as the advanced reactor designs are also overviewed here as future innovation of the bio-oil production from OPB,which may play more significant role as the technology matures.
文摘The escalating climate crisis necessitates an urgent shift towards a sustainable business model.Un-der the context of bioeconomy,it has offered a promising alternative through its“Biomass-to-X”strategy for converting biological resources into value-added products or chemicals.However,the adoption of this approach remains scarce,which highlights the need to leverage digital technolo-gies to enhance its feasibility.Thus,this paper provides a comprehensive overview of the potential role of digital technologies in the Biomass-to-X supply chain,encompassing the entire value chain from upstream to downstream activities,specifically in the areas of 1)lab-to-fabrication transla-tion,2)biomanufacturing stage,and lastly,3)supply chain management stage.Furthermore,this study identifies and discusses research gaps in each niche area,along with potential future re-search prospects to facilitate the transition towards a sustainable bioeconomy,making it a crucial reference for stakeholders involved in decision-making processes.
基金the Ministry of Education,Youth and Sports,Czech Republic under OP RDE grant number CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_026/0008413“Strategic Partnership for Environmental Technologies and Energy Production”Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak via Research Success Award(grant number:2-5747)。
文摘Energy efficiency and economic viability are the often-quoted issues in aquaponic farming.This work aims to(i)identify process technologies and technical measures which would enhance the profitability of aquaponics business while conserving energy and other resources,and(ii)to validate the determined optimal measures on the testing aquaponics farm.The process network synthesis technique was used to search for an optimal process pathway while the image processing technique was applied to automatically monitor the growth rate of produce since it is the main revenue stream in aquaponics.With the aid of P-graph method,the optimal feasible structure has 9 times higher annual net income than that of the existing process.This optimal solution includes the integration of electrical heat pump,biogas system,and utilizes black solider fly(BSF)facility to produce fish feed.Additional light energy savings were achieved by practical installation of reflective foils which improved 16.88%of Photosynthetic photon flux density(PPFD)on growth beds.These measures can help the aquaponics farms to become more competitive and to decrease their ecological footprint.
