Scientific knowledge on the chemical compositions of fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5)) is essential for properly assessing its health and climate effects,and for decisionmakers to develop efficient mitigation strategi...Scientific knowledge on the chemical compositions of fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5)) is essential for properly assessing its health and climate effects,and for decisionmakers to develop efficient mitigation strategies.A high-resolution PM_(2.5) chemical composition dataset(CAQRA-aerosol)is developed in this study,which provides hourly maps of organic carbon,black carbon,ammonium,nitrate,and sulfate in China from 2013 to 2020 with a horizontal resolution of 15 km.This paper describes the method,access,and validation results of this dataset.It shows that CAQRA-aerosol has good consistency with observations and achieves higher or comparable accuracy with previous PM_(2.5) composition datasets.Based on CAQRA-aerosol,spatiotemporal changes of different PM_(2.5) compositions were investigated from a national viewpoint,which emphasizes different changes of nitrate from other compositions.The estimated annual rate of population-weighted concentrations of nitrate is 0.23μg m^(−3)yr^(−1) from 2015 to 2020,compared with−0.19 to−1.1μg m^(−3)yr^(−1) for other compositions.The whole dataset is freely available from the China Air Pollution Data Center(https://doi.org/10.12423/capdb_PKU.2023.DA).展开更多
Tumor cell-intrinsic programmed death-ligand 1(PD-L1)signals mediate tumor initiation,progression and metastasis,but their effects in ameloblastoma(AM)have not been reported.In this comprehensive study,we observed mar...Tumor cell-intrinsic programmed death-ligand 1(PD-L1)signals mediate tumor initiation,progression and metastasis,but their effects in ameloblastoma(AM)have not been reported.In this comprehensive study,we observed marked upregulation of PD-L1 in AM tissues and revealed the robust correlation between elevated PD-L1 expression and increased tumor growth and recurrence rates.Notably,we found that PD-L1 overexpression markedly increased self-renewal capacity and promoted tumorigenic processes and invasion in hTERT^(+)-AM cells,whereas genetic ablation of PD-L1 exerted opposing inhibitory effects.By performing highresolution single-cell profiling and thorough immunohistochemical analyses in AM patients,we delineated the intricate cellular landscape and elucidated the mechanisms underlying the aggressive phenotype and unfavorable prognosis of these tumors.Our findings revealed that hTERT^(+)-AM cells with upregulated PD-L1 expression exhibit increased proliferative potential and stem-like attributes and undergo partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition.This phenotypic shift is induced by the activation of the PI3KAKT-mTOR signaling axis;thus,this study revealed a crucial regulatory mechanism that fuels tumor growth and recurrence.Importantly,targeted inhibition of the PD-L1-PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling axis significantly suppressed the growth of AM patientderived tumor organoids,highlighting the potential of PD-L1 blockade as a promising therapeutic approach for AM.展开更多
In recent years,gratitude intervention,as an application method of positive psychology,has gradually attracted the attention of researchers.Gratitude intervention is considered to be an effective psychological interve...In recent years,gratitude intervention,as an application method of positive psychology,has gradually attracted the attention of researchers.Gratitude intervention is considered to be an effective psychological intervention,especially in patients with malignant tumors.This study reviews the research progress of gratitude intervention in patients with malignant tumors,focusing on the mechanism,implementation methods,effect evaluation and challenges in clinical application of gratitude intervention,in the hope of providing a theoretical support and practical guideline for future research and practice.展开更多
This paper systematically reviews the research progress of Advance Care Planning(ACP)in the field of lung cancer,and discusses its implementation status,key influencing factors and future development direction,includi...This paper systematically reviews the research progress of Advance Care Planning(ACP)in the field of lung cancer,and discusses its implementation status,key influencing factors and future development direction,including deepening of theoretical research,innovation of practice mode,optimization of policy support and cultural adaptation research.展开更多
BACKGROUND Insomnia is a common sleep disorder that negatively impacts quality of life and is frequently comorbid with depression and anxiety.Chronic insomnia affects approximately 15%of the global population,with hig...BACKGROUND Insomnia is a common sleep disorder that negatively impacts quality of life and is frequently comorbid with depression and anxiety.Chronic insomnia affects approximately 15%of the global population,with higher prevalence among females and the elderly.While existing research suggests a bidirectional relationship between insomnia and emotional disorders,the specific impact of insomnia severity on depression,anxiety,and quality of life remains unclear.This study investigates the correlation between insomnia severity and these factors in psychiatric outpatients,hypothesizing that greater insomnia severity is associated with higher levels of depression and anxiety,as well as poorer quality of life.AIM To explore the correlation between insomnia severity and depression,anxiety,and quality of life in primary chronic insomnia patients.METHODS From June to December 2023,345 patients with primary insomnia in Chifeng city were recruited and divided into three groups based on Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI)scores:Mild(n=137),moderate(n=162),and severe(n=46).Demographic data were collected via questionnaires.Self-rating depression scale(SDS),self-rating anxiety scale(SAS),PSQI,and short form 36(SF-36)scores were compared,and Pearson and partial correlation analyses were performed.RESULTS The greater the degree of insomnia,the greater the symptoms of depression and anxiety(P<0.001).The more severe the insomnia,the lower the SF-36 score(excluding body pain),and the difference between the three groups was statist ically significant(P<0.001).Pearson correlation analysis and partial correlation analysis depicted the SDS score and SAS score were apparently positively correlated with the severity of insomnia(P<0.001).Pearson correlation analysis and partial correlation analysis depicted the SF-36 scores were apparently positively correlated with the severity of insomnia(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Depression and anxiety are independent factors influencing insomnia severity in primary chronic insomnia patients.Higher depression/anxiety levels correlate with worse insomnia,impacting quality of life.展开更多
The tensile strength of rocks under real-time high-temperatures is essential for enhanced geothermal system development.However,the complex occurrence and deep burial of hot dry rocks limit the quantity and quality of...The tensile strength of rocks under real-time high-temperatures is essential for enhanced geothermal system development.However,the complex occurrence and deep burial of hot dry rocks limit the quantity and quality of standard samples for mechanical testing.This paper compared the tensile strengths obtained from Brazilian splitting tests on standard samples(with a diameter of 50 mm and a thickness of 25 mm)and micro-tensile samples(with a diameter of 50 mm and a thickness of 25 mm)of two types of granites.A power-law size effect model was established between the two sets of data,validating the reliability of the testing method.Then,miniature Brazilian splitting under real-time high-temperature,combined with X-ray diffraction(XRD)revealed temperature-dependent strength variations and microstructural damage mechanisms.The results show that:(1)The comparison error between the tensile strength obtained by the fitting model and that of the measured standard samples was less than 6%.(2)In real-time high-temperature conditions,tensile strength of granite exhibited non-monotonic behavior,increasing below 300°C before decreasing,with sharp declines at 400–500°C and 600–700°C.(3)Thermal damage stems from the differences in the high-temperature behavior of minerals,including dehydration,phase transformation,and differential expansion.展开更多
Humic acid(HA),as a represent of natural organic matter widely existing in water body,dose harm to water quality and human health;however,it was commonly treated as an environmental background substance while not targ...Humic acid(HA),as a represent of natural organic matter widely existing in water body,dose harm to water quality and human health;however,it was commonly treated as an environmental background substance while not targeted contaminant in advanced oxidation processes(AOPs).Herein,we investigated the removal of HA in the alkali-activated biochar(KBC)/peroxymonosulfate(PMS)system.The modification of the original biochar(BC)resulted in an increased adsorption capacity and catalytic activity due to the introduction of more micropores,mesopores,and oxygen-containing functional groups,particularly carbonyl groups.Mechanistic insights indicated that HA is primarily chemically adsorbed on the KBC surface,while singlet oxygen(^(1)O_(2))produced by the PMS decomposition served as the major reactive species for the degradation of HA.An underlying synergistic adsorption and oxidation mechanism involving a local high concentration reaction region around the KBC interface was then proposed.This work not only provides a cost-effective solution for the elimination of HA but also advances our understanding of the nonradical oxidation at the biochar interface.展开更多
Background Systemic inflammatory responses and oxidative stress occur in laying hens during the aging process,particularly during the post-peaking laying period,which generally result in multi-organ damages,leading to...Background Systemic inflammatory responses and oxidative stress occur in laying hens during the aging process,particularly during the post-peaking laying period,which generally result in multi-organ damages,leading to significant declines in egg performance and quality.Chlorogenic acid(CGA)-enriched extract from Eucommia ulmoides leaves has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.However,the mechanisms underlying whether and how CGA alleviates systemic inflammatory responses and oxidative stress to improve egg performance and quality in postpeaking laying hens remain unclear.In this study,the potential regulatory mechanisms of CGA in alleviating inflammatory responses and oxidative stress along the gut-liver axis were investigated.A total of 36055-week-old Hy-line white-laying hens were randomly selected and divided into four groups.The hens in the four groups were fed a basal diet(CON)or basal diets supplemented with 200,400,and 800 mg/kg of CGA(CGA200,CGA400,and CGA800,respectively)for 10 weeks.Results The results demonstrated that CGA significantly alleviated intestinal and hepatic damages resulting from systemic inflammatory responses and oxidative stress,thereby improving the laying performance and egg quality of post-peaking laying hens.CGA reduced systemic inflammation by improving intestinal barrier function and modulating inflammation-associated microbiota(Blautia and Megamonas),thus inhibiting endotoxin translocation.CGA can also reduce oxidative stress by upregulating the NRF-2 pathway-related genes and increasing antioxidant enzyme activities in the liver.The results of transcriptome sequencing revealed that CGA promoted lipid metabolism by regulating hepatic adipocytokine pathway-related genes/protein and reduced the inflammatory responses and apoptosis in liver by regulating PI3K/AKT pathway-related genes/proteins,which was also verified by qPCR and western blotting.Conclusion CGA alleviated multi-organ damages and dysfunction by suppressing the systemic inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in post-peaking laying hens,thereby improving egg performance and quality.The optimal dose of CGA is 400 mg/kg in this experiment.These results provide a sound theoretical basis for the application of CGA as an exogenous animal feed additive for laying hens.展开更多
Monocrystalline Cu exhibits excellent electrical and signal-transmission properties due to its absence of grain boundaries,making it a critical material for the production of micro-machinery and micro-components;howev...Monocrystalline Cu exhibits excellent electrical and signal-transmission properties due to its absence of grain boundaries,making it a critical material for the production of micro-machinery and micro-components;however,achieving ultrahigh precision and ultralow damage machining of functional devices using traditional techniques such as grinding and polishing is extremely challenging.Consequently,nanocutting has emerged as an efficient means to fabricate monocrystalline materials with complex surface characteristics and high surface integrity.Nevertheless,the macroscopic cutting theory of metal materials cannot be applied to nanocutting.Accordingly,in this paper,both simulations and experiments were conducted to examine the chip deformation mechanisms of monocrystalline Cu.First,large-scale molecular dynamics(MD)simulations were conducted to gain a comprehensive understanding of the deformation behavior during nanocutting.This included examining the influencing factors and the variation patterns of the chip deformation coefficient,cutting force,and minimum cutting thickness.Subsequently,nanocutting experiments were performed using a specially designed nanocutting platform with high-resolution online observation by scanning electron microscopy.The experimental results served to verify the accuracy and reliability of theMDmodeling,as they exhibited excellent consistency with the simulated results.Although this work considered monocrystalline Cu,it is believed that the elucidated chip deformation mechanisms could also be applied to other face-centered-cubic metals.These results are of great value for advancing the understanding of the mechanisms of ultraprecision cutting.展开更多
Over the past two decades,our understanding of Lauraceae,a large family of woody plants,has undergone significant advances in phylogeny,taxonomy,and biogeography.Molecular systematic studies have elucidated the basic ...Over the past two decades,our understanding of Lauraceae,a large family of woody plants,has undergone significant advances in phylogeny,taxonomy,and biogeography.Molecular systematic studies have elucidated the basic relationships within the family with plastid phylogenomic analyses providing robust support for deep-level relationships between Lauraceae lineages,leading to the recognition of nine tribes:Hypodaphnideae,Cryptocaryeae,Cassytheae,Neocinnamomeae,Caryodaphnopsideae,Mezilaureae,Perseeae,Laureae,and Cinnamomeae,with Mezilaureae validated here.Nuclear genomes and comparative genomics studies have also clarified aspects of the family’s evolutionary history and metabolic diversity.Taxonomic studies have focused mainly on the most diverse regions,e.g.,tropical Asia,tropical America,and Africa(Madagascar),with six new genera described and five reinstated since the last major overview of the family.The extensive fossil record suggests that Lauraceae diversified globally during the Late Cretaceous and Early Cenozoic.Biogeographic studies indicate that different lineages of the family are sorted into Gondwanan and Laurasian lineages,with patterns resulting from the disruption of boreotropical flora and multiple long-distance dispersal events.Phylogeographic studies,predominantly from East Asia,have shown patterns of in situ survival and demographic stability or expansion during the Quaternary.Nevertheless,many systematic relationships within the family remain unresolved and further research is needed into the complex biogeographic history and ecological roles of Lauraceae.A multifaceted approach integrating genomic studies,field work,morphological and ecological investigations is therefore needed to understand the evolution and diversity of this ecologically and economically significant plant family.展开更多
This paper presents the first comprehensive simulation study of p-11B fusion reactions in a spherical torus.We developed relevant program modules for fusion reactions based on energetic particle simulation frameworks ...This paper presents the first comprehensive simulation study of p-11B fusion reactions in a spherical torus.We developed relevant program modules for fusion reactions based on energetic particle simulation frameworks and analyzed the two main fusion channels:thermal and beam-thermal.Using EHL-2 design parameters with n_(boron)=007n_(ion)and a hydrogen beam at 200 keV and 1 MW,our simulation indicates that p-11B reactions produce approximately 1.5×10^(15)αparticles per second(~0.7 kW)from the thermal channel,and5.3×10^(14)(~0.25 kW)from the beam-thermal channel.We conducted parameter scans to establish a solid physics foundation for the high ion temperature conditions(T_(i)>26ke V)designed for EHL-2.This work also laid the groundwork for studying various operation modes to explore different reaction channels.The simulation results suggest that the conditions in EHL-2 could be sufficient for investigating p-11B thermonuclear reactions.In addition,we found that EHL-2 offered good confinement for energetic particles,allowing us to research the interactions between these ions and plasmas.This research enhances our understanding of burning plasma physics.展开更多
Centrifugal pumps are extensively employed in ocean engineering,such as ship power systems,water transportation,and mineral exploitation.Pressure fluctuation suppression is essential for the operation stability and se...Centrifugal pumps are extensively employed in ocean engineering,such as ship power systems,water transportation,and mineral exploitation.Pressure fluctuation suppression is essential for the operation stability and service life of the centrifugal pump.In this paper,a new method of bionic structure is proposed for the blade surface of a centrifugal pump,which is inspired by the fish scale and comprises a leading edge,a trailing edge,and two symmetrical side edges.This fish scale structure is applied to the blade pressure and suction surfaces,and an impeller with a fish scale structure is constructed.A test rig for a centrifugal pump is developed to determine the pressure fluctuation in the pump with a prototype impeller and fish scale structure impeller.Results reveal that the dominant frequency of pressure fluctuation in volute is the blade passing frequency(f_(bpf))of 193.33 Hz,which is triggered by the interaction between the tongue and the impeller.The bionic structure of the fish scale effectively suppresses the pressure fluctuation amplitude at f_(bpf).From flow rates of 0.6 Q_(d)to 1.2 Q_(d),the average suppressions in pressure fluctuation amplitudes at f_(bpf)are 20.98%,5.85%,19.20%,and 25.77%.展开更多
Porosity is an important attribute for evaluating the petrophysical properties of reservoirs, and has guiding significance for the exploration and development of oil and gas. The seismic inversion is a key method for ...Porosity is an important attribute for evaluating the petrophysical properties of reservoirs, and has guiding significance for the exploration and development of oil and gas. The seismic inversion is a key method for comprehensively obtaining the porosity. Deep learning methods provide an intelligent approach to suppress the ambiguity of the conventional inversion method. However, under the trace-bytrace inversion strategy, there is a lack of constraints from geological structural information, resulting in poor lateral continuity of prediction results. In addition, the heterogeneity and the sedimentary variability of subsurface media also lead to uncertainty in intelligent prediction. To achieve fine prediction of porosity, we consider the lateral continuity and variability and propose an improved structural modeling deep learning porosity prediction method. First, we combine well data, waveform attributes, and structural information as constraints to model geophysical parameters, constructing a high-quality training dataset with sedimentary facies-controlled significance. Subsequently, we introduce a gated axial attention mechanism to enhance the features of dataset and design a bidirectional closed-loop network system constrained by inversion and forward processes. The constraint coefficient is adaptively adjusted by the petrophysical information contained between the porosity and impedance in the study area. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the adaptive coefficient through numerical experiments.Finally, we compare the performance differences between the proposed method and conventional deep learning methods using data from two study areas. The proposed method achieves better consistency with the logging porosity, demonstrating the superiority of the proposed method.展开更多
ENN is planning the next generation experimental device EHL-2 with the goal to verify the thermal reaction rates of p-^(11)B fusion,establish spherical torus/tokamak experimental scaling laws at 10’s keV ion temperat...ENN is planning the next generation experimental device EHL-2 with the goal to verify the thermal reaction rates of p-^(11)B fusion,establish spherical torus/tokamak experimental scaling laws at 10’s keV ion temperature,and provide a design basis for subsequent experiments to test and realize the p-^(11)B fusion burning plasma.Based on 0-dimensional(0-D)system design and 1.5-dimensional transport modelling analyses,the main target parameters of EHL-2 have been basically determined,including the plasma major radius,R0,of 1.05 m,the aspect ratio,A,of 1.85,the maximum central toroidal magnetic field strength,B0,of 3 T,and the plasma toroidal current,Ip,of 3 MA.The main heating system will be the neutral beam injection at a total power of 17 MW.In addition,6 MW of electron cyclotron resonance heating will serve as the main means of local current drive and MHD instabilities control.The physics design of EHL-2 is focused on addressing three main operating scenarios,i.e.,(1)high ion temperature scenario,(2)high-performance steady-state scenario and(3)high triple product scenario.Each scenario will integrate solutions to different important issues,including equilibrium configuration,heating and current drive,confinement and transport,MHD instability,p-^(11)B fusion reaction,plasma-wall interactions,etc.Beyond that,there are several unique and significant challenges to address,including●establish a plasma with extremely high core ion temperature(T_(i,0)>30 keV),and ensure a large ion-to-electron tempera-ture ratio(T_(i,0)/Te,0>2),and a boron concentration of 10%‒15%at the plasma core;●realize the start-up by non-inductive current drive and the rise of MA-level plasma toroidal current.This is because the volt-seconds that the central solenoid of the ST can provide are very limited;●achieve divertor heat and particle fluxes control including complete detachment under high P/R(>20 MW/m)at rela-tively low electron densities.This overview will introduce the advanced progress in the physics design of EHL-2.展开更多
基金support from the National Key Scientific and Technological Infrastructure project “Earth System Science Numerical Simulator Facility” (Earth Lab)sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 42175132, 92044303, and 42205119)+2 种基金the National Key R&D Program (Grant Nos. 2020YFA0607802 and 2022YFC3703003)the CAS Information Technology Program (Grant No. CAS-WX2021SF-0107-02)the fellowship of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2022M723093)
文摘Scientific knowledge on the chemical compositions of fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5)) is essential for properly assessing its health and climate effects,and for decisionmakers to develop efficient mitigation strategies.A high-resolution PM_(2.5) chemical composition dataset(CAQRA-aerosol)is developed in this study,which provides hourly maps of organic carbon,black carbon,ammonium,nitrate,and sulfate in China from 2013 to 2020 with a horizontal resolution of 15 km.This paper describes the method,access,and validation results of this dataset.It shows that CAQRA-aerosol has good consistency with observations and achieves higher or comparable accuracy with previous PM_(2.5) composition datasets.Based on CAQRA-aerosol,spatiotemporal changes of different PM_(2.5) compositions were investigated from a national viewpoint,which emphasizes different changes of nitrate from other compositions.The estimated annual rate of population-weighted concentrations of nitrate is 0.23μg m^(−3)yr^(−1) from 2015 to 2020,compared with−0.19 to−1.1μg m^(−3)yr^(−1) for other compositions.The whole dataset is freely available from the China Air Pollution Data Center(https://doi.org/10.12423/capdb_PKU.2023.DA).
基金supported by the postdoctoral fellowship program of CPSF(GZC20241270)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024M762496).
文摘Tumor cell-intrinsic programmed death-ligand 1(PD-L1)signals mediate tumor initiation,progression and metastasis,but their effects in ameloblastoma(AM)have not been reported.In this comprehensive study,we observed marked upregulation of PD-L1 in AM tissues and revealed the robust correlation between elevated PD-L1 expression and increased tumor growth and recurrence rates.Notably,we found that PD-L1 overexpression markedly increased self-renewal capacity and promoted tumorigenic processes and invasion in hTERT^(+)-AM cells,whereas genetic ablation of PD-L1 exerted opposing inhibitory effects.By performing highresolution single-cell profiling and thorough immunohistochemical analyses in AM patients,we delineated the intricate cellular landscape and elucidated the mechanisms underlying the aggressive phenotype and unfavorable prognosis of these tumors.Our findings revealed that hTERT^(+)-AM cells with upregulated PD-L1 expression exhibit increased proliferative potential and stem-like attributes and undergo partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition.This phenotypic shift is induced by the activation of the PI3KAKT-mTOR signaling axis;thus,this study revealed a crucial regulatory mechanism that fuels tumor growth and recurrence.Importantly,targeted inhibition of the PD-L1-PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling axis significantly suppressed the growth of AM patientderived tumor organoids,highlighting the potential of PD-L1 blockade as a promising therapeutic approach for AM.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71774049).
文摘In recent years,gratitude intervention,as an application method of positive psychology,has gradually attracted the attention of researchers.Gratitude intervention is considered to be an effective psychological intervention,especially in patients with malignant tumors.This study reviews the research progress of gratitude intervention in patients with malignant tumors,focusing on the mechanism,implementation methods,effect evaluation and challenges in clinical application of gratitude intervention,in the hope of providing a theoretical support and practical guideline for future research and practice.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(71774049).
文摘This paper systematically reviews the research progress of Advance Care Planning(ACP)in the field of lung cancer,and discusses its implementation status,key influencing factors and future development direction,including deepening of theoretical research,innovation of practice mode,optimization of policy support and cultural adaptation research.
文摘BACKGROUND Insomnia is a common sleep disorder that negatively impacts quality of life and is frequently comorbid with depression and anxiety.Chronic insomnia affects approximately 15%of the global population,with higher prevalence among females and the elderly.While existing research suggests a bidirectional relationship between insomnia and emotional disorders,the specific impact of insomnia severity on depression,anxiety,and quality of life remains unclear.This study investigates the correlation between insomnia severity and these factors in psychiatric outpatients,hypothesizing that greater insomnia severity is associated with higher levels of depression and anxiety,as well as poorer quality of life.AIM To explore the correlation between insomnia severity and depression,anxiety,and quality of life in primary chronic insomnia patients.METHODS From June to December 2023,345 patients with primary insomnia in Chifeng city were recruited and divided into three groups based on Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI)scores:Mild(n=137),moderate(n=162),and severe(n=46).Demographic data were collected via questionnaires.Self-rating depression scale(SDS),self-rating anxiety scale(SAS),PSQI,and short form 36(SF-36)scores were compared,and Pearson and partial correlation analyses were performed.RESULTS The greater the degree of insomnia,the greater the symptoms of depression and anxiety(P<0.001).The more severe the insomnia,the lower the SF-36 score(excluding body pain),and the difference between the three groups was statist ically significant(P<0.001).Pearson correlation analysis and partial correlation analysis depicted the SDS score and SAS score were apparently positively correlated with the severity of insomnia(P<0.001).Pearson correlation analysis and partial correlation analysis depicted the SF-36 scores were apparently positively correlated with the severity of insomnia(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Depression and anxiety are independent factors influencing insomnia severity in primary chronic insomnia patients.Higher depression/anxiety levels correlate with worse insomnia,impacting quality of life.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52174175 and 52274078)the Program for the Scientific and Technological Innovation Team in Universities of Henan Province(No.23IRTSTHN005)。
文摘The tensile strength of rocks under real-time high-temperatures is essential for enhanced geothermal system development.However,the complex occurrence and deep burial of hot dry rocks limit the quantity and quality of standard samples for mechanical testing.This paper compared the tensile strengths obtained from Brazilian splitting tests on standard samples(with a diameter of 50 mm and a thickness of 25 mm)and micro-tensile samples(with a diameter of 50 mm and a thickness of 25 mm)of two types of granites.A power-law size effect model was established between the two sets of data,validating the reliability of the testing method.Then,miniature Brazilian splitting under real-time high-temperature,combined with X-ray diffraction(XRD)revealed temperature-dependent strength variations and microstructural damage mechanisms.The results show that:(1)The comparison error between the tensile strength obtained by the fitting model and that of the measured standard samples was less than 6%.(2)In real-time high-temperature conditions,tensile strength of granite exhibited non-monotonic behavior,increasing below 300°C before decreasing,with sharp declines at 400–500°C and 600–700°C.(3)Thermal damage stems from the differences in the high-temperature behavior of minerals,including dehydration,phase transformation,and differential expansion.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52200049)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022TQ0089)the Heilongjiang Province Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.LBHZ22181).
文摘Humic acid(HA),as a represent of natural organic matter widely existing in water body,dose harm to water quality and human health;however,it was commonly treated as an environmental background substance while not targeted contaminant in advanced oxidation processes(AOPs).Herein,we investigated the removal of HA in the alkali-activated biochar(KBC)/peroxymonosulfate(PMS)system.The modification of the original biochar(BC)resulted in an increased adsorption capacity and catalytic activity due to the introduction of more micropores,mesopores,and oxygen-containing functional groups,particularly carbonyl groups.Mechanistic insights indicated that HA is primarily chemically adsorbed on the KBC surface,while singlet oxygen(^(1)O_(2))produced by the PMS decomposition served as the major reactive species for the degradation of HA.An underlying synergistic adsorption and oxidation mechanism involving a local high concentration reaction region around the KBC interface was then proposed.This work not only provides a cost-effective solution for the elimination of HA but also advances our understanding of the nonradical oxidation at the biochar interface.
基金financially supported by the Collaborative Extension Program for Advancements in Agricultural Technologies of Zhejiang Province(Grant no:2023ZDXT15)the Key Research&Development Program of Zhejiang Province(Grant no:2024C02004)Bureau of Science and Technology of Xinchang County Foundation.
文摘Background Systemic inflammatory responses and oxidative stress occur in laying hens during the aging process,particularly during the post-peaking laying period,which generally result in multi-organ damages,leading to significant declines in egg performance and quality.Chlorogenic acid(CGA)-enriched extract from Eucommia ulmoides leaves has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.However,the mechanisms underlying whether and how CGA alleviates systemic inflammatory responses and oxidative stress to improve egg performance and quality in postpeaking laying hens remain unclear.In this study,the potential regulatory mechanisms of CGA in alleviating inflammatory responses and oxidative stress along the gut-liver axis were investigated.A total of 36055-week-old Hy-line white-laying hens were randomly selected and divided into four groups.The hens in the four groups were fed a basal diet(CON)or basal diets supplemented with 200,400,and 800 mg/kg of CGA(CGA200,CGA400,and CGA800,respectively)for 10 weeks.Results The results demonstrated that CGA significantly alleviated intestinal and hepatic damages resulting from systemic inflammatory responses and oxidative stress,thereby improving the laying performance and egg quality of post-peaking laying hens.CGA reduced systemic inflammation by improving intestinal barrier function and modulating inflammation-associated microbiota(Blautia and Megamonas),thus inhibiting endotoxin translocation.CGA can also reduce oxidative stress by upregulating the NRF-2 pathway-related genes and increasing antioxidant enzyme activities in the liver.The results of transcriptome sequencing revealed that CGA promoted lipid metabolism by regulating hepatic adipocytokine pathway-related genes/protein and reduced the inflammatory responses and apoptosis in liver by regulating PI3K/AKT pathway-related genes/proteins,which was also verified by qPCR and western blotting.Conclusion CGA alleviated multi-organ damages and dysfunction by suppressing the systemic inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in post-peaking laying hens,thereby improving egg performance and quality.The optimal dose of CGA is 400 mg/kg in this experiment.These results provide a sound theoretical basis for the application of CGA as an exogenous animal feed additive for laying hens.
基金support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51805371)the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of Tianjin University of Commerce(Grant No.202310069067).
文摘Monocrystalline Cu exhibits excellent electrical and signal-transmission properties due to its absence of grain boundaries,making it a critical material for the production of micro-machinery and micro-components;however,achieving ultrahigh precision and ultralow damage machining of functional devices using traditional techniques such as grinding and polishing is extremely challenging.Consequently,nanocutting has emerged as an efficient means to fabricate monocrystalline materials with complex surface characteristics and high surface integrity.Nevertheless,the macroscopic cutting theory of metal materials cannot be applied to nanocutting.Accordingly,in this paper,both simulations and experiments were conducted to examine the chip deformation mechanisms of monocrystalline Cu.First,large-scale molecular dynamics(MD)simulations were conducted to gain a comprehensive understanding of the deformation behavior during nanocutting.This included examining the influencing factors and the variation patterns of the chip deformation coefficient,cutting force,and minimum cutting thickness.Subsequently,nanocutting experiments were performed using a specially designed nanocutting platform with high-resolution online observation by scanning electron microscopy.The experimental results served to verify the accuracy and reliability of theMDmodeling,as they exhibited excellent consistency with the simulated results.Although this work considered monocrystalline Cu,it is believed that the elucidated chip deformation mechanisms could also be applied to other face-centered-cubic metals.These results are of great value for advancing the understanding of the mechanisms of ultraprecision cutting.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31970222,31770569,31500454,31500165,32260060,32270217,32260056,31970223,32400180)the Science and Technology Basic Resources Investigation Program of China(2017FY100100,2017FY100102)+7 种基金Biodiversity Conservation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(ZSSD-013)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2601200,2023YFF0805800)Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(202201AS070055,202301AU070224)the 14th Five-Year Plan of Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences(XTBG-1450101)Australian Research Council grant(DP130104314)RSNZ Marsden grant(11-UOO-043)Xingdian Talent Support Program(XDRC-QNRC-2022-0323)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2022QC214).
文摘Over the past two decades,our understanding of Lauraceae,a large family of woody plants,has undergone significant advances in phylogeny,taxonomy,and biogeography.Molecular systematic studies have elucidated the basic relationships within the family with plastid phylogenomic analyses providing robust support for deep-level relationships between Lauraceae lineages,leading to the recognition of nine tribes:Hypodaphnideae,Cryptocaryeae,Cassytheae,Neocinnamomeae,Caryodaphnopsideae,Mezilaureae,Perseeae,Laureae,and Cinnamomeae,with Mezilaureae validated here.Nuclear genomes and comparative genomics studies have also clarified aspects of the family’s evolutionary history and metabolic diversity.Taxonomic studies have focused mainly on the most diverse regions,e.g.,tropical Asia,tropical America,and Africa(Madagascar),with six new genera described and five reinstated since the last major overview of the family.The extensive fossil record suggests that Lauraceae diversified globally during the Late Cretaceous and Early Cenozoic.Biogeographic studies indicate that different lineages of the family are sorted into Gondwanan and Laurasian lineages,with patterns resulting from the disruption of boreotropical flora and multiple long-distance dispersal events.Phylogeographic studies,predominantly from East Asia,have shown patterns of in situ survival and demographic stability or expansion during the Quaternary.Nevertheless,many systematic relationships within the family remain unresolved and further research is needed into the complex biogeographic history and ecological roles of Lauraceae.A multifaceted approach integrating genomic studies,field work,morphological and ecological investigations is therefore needed to understand the evolution and diversity of this ecologically and economically significant plant family.
基金supported by ENN Group and ENN Energy Research Institute.
文摘This paper presents the first comprehensive simulation study of p-11B fusion reactions in a spherical torus.We developed relevant program modules for fusion reactions based on energetic particle simulation frameworks and analyzed the two main fusion channels:thermal and beam-thermal.Using EHL-2 design parameters with n_(boron)=007n_(ion)and a hydrogen beam at 200 keV and 1 MW,our simulation indicates that p-11B reactions produce approximately 1.5×10^(15)αparticles per second(~0.7 kW)from the thermal channel,and5.3×10^(14)(~0.25 kW)from the beam-thermal channel.We conducted parameter scans to establish a solid physics foundation for the high ion temperature conditions(T_(i)>26ke V)designed for EHL-2.This work also laid the groundwork for studying various operation modes to explore different reaction channels.The simulation results suggest that the conditions in EHL-2 could be sufficient for investigating p-11B thermonuclear reactions.In addition,we found that EHL-2 offered good confinement for energetic particles,allowing us to research the interactions between these ions and plasmas.This research enhances our understanding of burning plasma physics.
基金supported by the Open Fund of Science and Technology on Thermal Energy and Power Laboratory[TPL2021A02]the State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering[sklhse-2023-E-01].
文摘Centrifugal pumps are extensively employed in ocean engineering,such as ship power systems,water transportation,and mineral exploitation.Pressure fluctuation suppression is essential for the operation stability and service life of the centrifugal pump.In this paper,a new method of bionic structure is proposed for the blade surface of a centrifugal pump,which is inspired by the fish scale and comprises a leading edge,a trailing edge,and two symmetrical side edges.This fish scale structure is applied to the blade pressure and suction surfaces,and an impeller with a fish scale structure is constructed.A test rig for a centrifugal pump is developed to determine the pressure fluctuation in the pump with a prototype impeller and fish scale structure impeller.Results reveal that the dominant frequency of pressure fluctuation in volute is the blade passing frequency(f_(bpf))of 193.33 Hz,which is triggered by the interaction between the tongue and the impeller.The bionic structure of the fish scale effectively suppresses the pressure fluctuation amplitude at f_(bpf).From flow rates of 0.6 Q_(d)to 1.2 Q_(d),the average suppressions in pressure fluctuation amplitudes at f_(bpf)are 20.98%,5.85%,19.20%,and 25.77%.
基金the support of Research Program of Fine Exploration and Surrounding Rock Classification Technology for Deep Buried Long Tunnels Driven by Horizontal Directional Drilling and Magnetotelluric Methods Based on Deep Learning under Grant E202408010the Sichuan Science and Technology Program under Grant 2024NSFSC1984 and Grant 2024NSFSC1990。
文摘Porosity is an important attribute for evaluating the petrophysical properties of reservoirs, and has guiding significance for the exploration and development of oil and gas. The seismic inversion is a key method for comprehensively obtaining the porosity. Deep learning methods provide an intelligent approach to suppress the ambiguity of the conventional inversion method. However, under the trace-bytrace inversion strategy, there is a lack of constraints from geological structural information, resulting in poor lateral continuity of prediction results. In addition, the heterogeneity and the sedimentary variability of subsurface media also lead to uncertainty in intelligent prediction. To achieve fine prediction of porosity, we consider the lateral continuity and variability and propose an improved structural modeling deep learning porosity prediction method. First, we combine well data, waveform attributes, and structural information as constraints to model geophysical parameters, constructing a high-quality training dataset with sedimentary facies-controlled significance. Subsequently, we introduce a gated axial attention mechanism to enhance the features of dataset and design a bidirectional closed-loop network system constrained by inversion and forward processes. The constraint coefficient is adaptively adjusted by the petrophysical information contained between the porosity and impedance in the study area. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the adaptive coefficient through numerical experiments.Finally, we compare the performance differences between the proposed method and conventional deep learning methods using data from two study areas. The proposed method achieves better consistency with the logging porosity, demonstrating the superiority of the proposed method.
文摘ENN is planning the next generation experimental device EHL-2 with the goal to verify the thermal reaction rates of p-^(11)B fusion,establish spherical torus/tokamak experimental scaling laws at 10’s keV ion temperature,and provide a design basis for subsequent experiments to test and realize the p-^(11)B fusion burning plasma.Based on 0-dimensional(0-D)system design and 1.5-dimensional transport modelling analyses,the main target parameters of EHL-2 have been basically determined,including the plasma major radius,R0,of 1.05 m,the aspect ratio,A,of 1.85,the maximum central toroidal magnetic field strength,B0,of 3 T,and the plasma toroidal current,Ip,of 3 MA.The main heating system will be the neutral beam injection at a total power of 17 MW.In addition,6 MW of electron cyclotron resonance heating will serve as the main means of local current drive and MHD instabilities control.The physics design of EHL-2 is focused on addressing three main operating scenarios,i.e.,(1)high ion temperature scenario,(2)high-performance steady-state scenario and(3)high triple product scenario.Each scenario will integrate solutions to different important issues,including equilibrium configuration,heating and current drive,confinement and transport,MHD instability,p-^(11)B fusion reaction,plasma-wall interactions,etc.Beyond that,there are several unique and significant challenges to address,including●establish a plasma with extremely high core ion temperature(T_(i,0)>30 keV),and ensure a large ion-to-electron tempera-ture ratio(T_(i,0)/Te,0>2),and a boron concentration of 10%‒15%at the plasma core;●realize the start-up by non-inductive current drive and the rise of MA-level plasma toroidal current.This is because the volt-seconds that the central solenoid of the ST can provide are very limited;●achieve divertor heat and particle fluxes control including complete detachment under high P/R(>20 MW/m)at rela-tively low electron densities.This overview will introduce the advanced progress in the physics design of EHL-2.
