Passivation,as a classical surface treatment technique,has been widely accepted in start-of-the-art perovskite solar cells(PSCs)that can effectively modulate the electronic and chemical property of defective perovskit...Passivation,as a classical surface treatment technique,has been widely accepted in start-of-the-art perovskite solar cells(PSCs)that can effectively modulate the electronic and chemical property of defective perovskite surface.The discovery of inorganic passivation compounds,such as oxysalts,has largely advanced the efficiency and lifetime of PSCs on account of its favorable electrical property and remarkable inherent stability,but a lack of deep understanding of how its local configuration affects the passivation effectiveness is a huge impediment for future interfacial molecular engineering.Here,we demonstrate the central-atom-dependent-passivation of oxysalt on perovskite surface,in which the central atoms of oxyacid anions dominate the interfacial oxygen-bridge strength.We revealed that the balance of local interactions between the central atoms of oxyacid anions(e.g.,N,C,S,P,Si)and the metal cations on perovskite surface(e.g.,Pb)generally determines the bond formation at oxysalt/perovskite interface,which can be understood by the bond order conservation principle.Silicate with less electronegative Si central atoms provides strong O-Pb motif and improved passivation effect,delivering a champion efficiency of 17.26%for CsPbI2Br solar cells.Our strategy is also universally effective in improving the device performance of several commonly used perovskite compositions.展开更多
The 17q12-21 locus harboring ORMDL sphingolipid biosynthesis regulator 3(ORMDL3)and Gasdermin B(GSDMB)genes exhibits one of the most significant and replicated associations with asthma[MIM:600807](Stein et al.,2018).S...The 17q12-21 locus harboring ORMDL sphingolipid biosynthesis regulator 3(ORMDL3)and Gasdermin B(GSDMB)genes exhibits one of the most significant and replicated associations with asthma[MIM:600807](Stein et al.,2018).Several studies explored the complex interactions between SNPs,gene expression and epigenetic modifications at this locus,primarily focusing on the levels of expressed ORMDL3 and GSDMB(Stein et al.,2018).Given that DNA methylation and gene expression signals are cell-type specific(Reinius et al.,2012),isolated materials such as lymphocytes from blood and,to a lesser extent,bronchial epithelial cells from biopsies of bronchi or bronchoalveolar lavages have been used in a number of studies to investigate such interactions(Stein et al.,2018).展开更多
The main objective of the present experimental study is to analyze the turbulent structure in humid airnon-premixed flame,and determine the effect of humidity on the flow field and the flame stability limit in turbule...The main objective of the present experimental study is to analyze the turbulent structure in humid airnon-premixed flame,and determine the effect of humidity on the flow field and the flame stability limit in turbulentnon-premixed flame.Particle Image Velocimetry(PIV)is used to capture the instantaneous appearance ofvortex structures and obtain the quantitative velocity field.The distributions of Reynolds shear stress,mean androot-mean squared fluctuating(rms)velocities are examined to get insight into the effect of fuel-to-air velocity ratioon velocity flow field.The results show that with steam addition,the air-driven vortex in the bluff-body wakeis thinner;the biggest peaks of rms velocity and Reynolds shear stress are lower;the distance between the peaksof rms velocity on the sides of centerline reduces.Besides these,the flame stability is affected.Both central fuelpenetration limit and partially quenching limit reduce with steam addition.展开更多
Inorganic perovskite absorbers are promising candidates for next-generation photovoltaics due to their good thermal and light stabilities.Halide-mixed Cs Pb I_(x)Br_(3-x)reach a compromise between its structural toler...Inorganic perovskite absorbers are promising candidates for next-generation photovoltaics due to their good thermal and light stabilities.Halide-mixed Cs Pb I_(x)Br_(3-x)reach a compromise between its structural tolerance and absorption edge,yet the power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)of the asfabricated cells can be considerably limited by the nonideal quality of solution-processed films.Here we demonstrated a fumigation strategy on colloidal perovskite films using dualO-donor ethyl acetate(EA).By in-situ monitoring this stage with grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering technology,we reveal that EA fumigation would impose ripening barrier on colloidal inorganic perovskites and hence slow down the nucleation rate,leading to an intermediate state for processing high-crystallinity and oriented perovskite films with improved photophysical properties.An optimized PCE of 16.6%was finally yielded upon wide-bandgap(1.9 eV)perovskite absorber.展开更多
基金Ze Qing Lin and Hui Jun Lian contributed equally to this work.This work was financially supported by National Natural Science Fund for Excellent Young Scholars(52022030)International(Regional)Cooperation and Exchange Projects of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51920105003)+4 种基金National Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(51725201)National Ten Thousand Talent Program for Young Top-notch Talent,National Natural Science Foundation of China(51902185,51972111)Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(E00014)Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials(18DZ2252400)The authors also thank the Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry.
文摘Passivation,as a classical surface treatment technique,has been widely accepted in start-of-the-art perovskite solar cells(PSCs)that can effectively modulate the electronic and chemical property of defective perovskite surface.The discovery of inorganic passivation compounds,such as oxysalts,has largely advanced the efficiency and lifetime of PSCs on account of its favorable electrical property and remarkable inherent stability,but a lack of deep understanding of how its local configuration affects the passivation effectiveness is a huge impediment for future interfacial molecular engineering.Here,we demonstrate the central-atom-dependent-passivation of oxysalt on perovskite surface,in which the central atoms of oxyacid anions dominate the interfacial oxygen-bridge strength.We revealed that the balance of local interactions between the central atoms of oxyacid anions(e.g.,N,C,S,P,Si)and the metal cations on perovskite surface(e.g.,Pb)generally determines the bond formation at oxysalt/perovskite interface,which can be understood by the bond order conservation principle.Silicate with less electronegative Si central atoms provides strong O-Pb motif and improved passivation effect,delivering a champion efficiency of 17.26%for CsPbI2Br solar cells.Our strategy is also universally effective in improving the device performance of several commonly used perovskite compositions.
基金supported by operating grants from the Canadian Institute of Health Research(CIHR awards 133605 and 141900Laprise&Pastinen)provided by the Wellcome Trust under award WT091310。
文摘The 17q12-21 locus harboring ORMDL sphingolipid biosynthesis regulator 3(ORMDL3)and Gasdermin B(GSDMB)genes exhibits one of the most significant and replicated associations with asthma[MIM:600807](Stein et al.,2018).Several studies explored the complex interactions between SNPs,gene expression and epigenetic modifications at this locus,primarily focusing on the levels of expressed ORMDL3 and GSDMB(Stein et al.,2018).Given that DNA methylation and gene expression signals are cell-type specific(Reinius et al.,2012),isolated materials such as lymphocytes from blood and,to a lesser extent,bronchial epithelial cells from biopsies of bronchi or bronchoalveolar lavages have been used in a number of studies to investigate such interactions(Stein et al.,2018).
基金supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research through research grant number 2007CB210102 from State Key Fundamental Researeh Program of China.
文摘The main objective of the present experimental study is to analyze the turbulent structure in humid airnon-premixed flame,and determine the effect of humidity on the flow field and the flame stability limit in turbulentnon-premixed flame.Particle Image Velocimetry(PIV)is used to capture the instantaneous appearance ofvortex structures and obtain the quantitative velocity field.The distributions of Reynolds shear stress,mean androot-mean squared fluctuating(rms)velocities are examined to get insight into the effect of fuel-to-air velocity ratioon velocity flow field.The results show that with steam addition,the air-driven vortex in the bluff-body wakeis thinner;the biggest peaks of rms velocity and Reynolds shear stress are lower;the distance between the peaksof rms velocity on the sides of centerline reduces.Besides these,the flame stability is affected.Both central fuelpenetration limit and partially quenching limit reduce with steam addition.
基金financially supported by the National Ten Thousand Talent Program for Young Top-notch Talentthe National Natural Science Fund for Excellent Young Scholars(52022030)+5 种基金the National Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(51725201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51972111 and 51902185)the International(Regional)Cooperation and Exchange Projects of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51920105003)the Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(E00014)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(JKD012016025 and JKD012016022)Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials(18DZ2252400)
文摘Inorganic perovskite absorbers are promising candidates for next-generation photovoltaics due to their good thermal and light stabilities.Halide-mixed Cs Pb I_(x)Br_(3-x)reach a compromise between its structural tolerance and absorption edge,yet the power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)of the asfabricated cells can be considerably limited by the nonideal quality of solution-processed films.Here we demonstrated a fumigation strategy on colloidal perovskite films using dualO-donor ethyl acetate(EA).By in-situ monitoring this stage with grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering technology,we reveal that EA fumigation would impose ripening barrier on colloidal inorganic perovskites and hence slow down the nucleation rate,leading to an intermediate state for processing high-crystallinity and oriented perovskite films with improved photophysical properties.An optimized PCE of 16.6%was finally yielded upon wide-bandgap(1.9 eV)perovskite absorber.
