AIM: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is characterized by abdominal pain and changes in stool habits. Visceral hypersensitivity is a key factor in the pathophysiology of IBS. The aim of this study was to examine the eff...AIM: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is characterized by abdominal pain and changes in stool habits. Visceral hypersensitivity is a key factor in the pathophysiology of IBS. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of rectal balloon-distention stimulus by blood oxygenation leveldependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLDfMRI) in visceral pain center and to compare the distribution,extent, and intensity of activated areas between IBS patients and normal controls.
METHODS: Twenty-six patients with IBS and eleven normal controls were tested for rectal sensation, and the subjective pain intensity at 90 ml and 120 ml rectal balloon-distention was reported by using Visual Analogue Scale. Then, BOLDfMRI was performed at 30 ml, 60 ml, 90 ml, and 120 ml rectal balloon-distention in all subjects.
RESULTS: Rectal distention stimulation increased the activity of anterior cingulate cortex (35/37), insular cortex (37/37),prefrontal cortex (37/37), and thalamus (35/37) in most cases.At 120 ml of rectal balloon-distention, the activation area and percentage change in MR signal intensity of the regions of interest (ROI) at IC, PFC, and THAL were significantly greater in patients with IBS than that in controls. Score of pain sensation at 90 ml and 120 ml rectal balloon-distention was significantly higher in patients with IBS than that in controls.
CONCLUSION: Using fMRI, some patients with IBS can be detected having visceral hypersensitivity in response to painful rectal balloon-distention. fMRI is an objective brain imaging technique to measure the change in regional cerebral activation more precisely. In this study, IC and PFC of the IBS patients were the major loci of the CNS processing of visceral perception.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the effects and mechanisms of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on the ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury of liver cirrhosis in rats and the effect of IPC on P-selectin expression in hepatocytes.METHOD...AIM: To investigate the effects and mechanisms of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on the ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury of liver cirrhosis in rats and the effect of IPC on P-selectin expression in hepatocytes.METHODS: Forty male SD rats with liver cirrhosis were randomly divided into sham operation group (SO group),ischemia/reperfusion group (I/R group), ischemic preconditioning group (IPC group), L-Arginine preconditioning group (APC group), L-NAME preconditioning group (NPC group), eight rats in each group. Hepatocellular viability was assessed by hepatic adenine nucleotide level and energy charge (EC) determined by HPLC, ALT, AST and LDH in serum measured by auto- biochemical analyzer and bile output.The expression of P-selectin in the liver tissue was analyzed by immunohistochemical technique. Leukocyte count in ischemic hepatic lobe was calculated.RESULTS: At 120 min after reperfusion, the level of ATP and EC in IPC and APC groups was higher than that in I/R group significantly. The increases in AST, ALT and LDH were prevented in IPC and APC groups. The livers produced more bile in IPC group than in I/R group during 120 min after reperfusion (0.101±0.027 versus 0.066±0.027 ml/g liver,P=0.002). There was a significant difference between APC and I/R groups, (P=0.001). The leukocyte count in liver tissues significantly increased in I/R group as compared with SO group (P＜0.05). The increase in the leukocyte count was prevented in IPC group. Administration of L-arginine resulted in the same effects as in IPC group. However,inhibition of NO synthesis (NPC group) held back the beneficial effects of preconditioning. Significant promotion of P-selectin expression in hepatocytes in the I/R group was observed compared with the SO group (P＜0.01). IPC or L-arginine attenuated P-selectin expression remarkably (P＜0.01). However, inhibition of NO synthesis enhanced Pselectin expression (P＜0.01). The degree of P-selectin expression was positively correlated with the leukocyte counts infiltrating in liver (r=0.602, P=0.000).CONCLUSION: IPC can attenuate the damage induced by I/R in cirrhotic liver and increase the ischemic tolerance of the rats with liver cirrhosis. IPC can abolish I/R induced leukocyte adhesion and infiltration by preventing postischemic P-selectin expression in the rats with liver cirrhosis via a NO-initiated pathway.展开更多
AIM: To explore the expression of heparanase mRNA and point mutation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to measure the expression of heparanase mRNA in...AIM: To explore the expression of heparanase mRNA and point mutation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to measure the expression of heparanase mRNA in the primary tumor tissues and surrounding liver tissues of 33 HCC patients. T-A cloning and sequencing were used to detect whether there was any mutation in the amplified PCR products. RESULTS: The expression of heparanase mRNA waspositive in 16 primary tumor tissues of HCC, and the positive rate was 48.5%, which was significantly higher than that in the surrounding liver parenchyma (P<0.01). The positive rate for heparanase gene in high-tendency to metastatic recurrence group (71.4%, 10/14) was obviously higher than that in low-tendency to metastatic recurrence group (31.6%, 6/19) (P= 0.023). The positive rate for heparanase gene in paltients with metastatic recurrence during postoperative follow-up (78.6%, 11/14) was also significantly higher than that in those without metastatic recurrence (21.4%, 3/14) (P = 0.003). Sequence analysis of the HPA PCR products was made in 7 patients, and 2-point mutations were found in 4 patients, one of which was sense mutation, neither base insertion nor deletion was detected. The mutation rate was 57.1% (4/7). CONCLUSION- The expression rate of heparanase mRNA increases in HCC, and HPA mRNA may be one of the reliable markers for the metastatic activity gained by the liver tumor cells and could be used clinically in predicting metastatic recurrence of HCC. Point mutation may be one of the causes for enhanced heparanase mRNA expression.展开更多
The study for the interface of as-grown diamond and metallic film surrounding diamond is an attractive way for understanding diamond growth mechanism at high temperature and high pressure (HTHP), because it is that th...The study for the interface of as-grown diamond and metallic film surrounding diamond is an attractive way for understanding diamond growth mechanism at high temperature and high pressure (HTHP), because it is that through the interface carbon atom groups from the molten film are transported to growing diamond surface. It is of great interest to perform atomic force microscopy (AFM) experiment; which provides a unique technique different from that of normal optical and electron microscopy studies, to observe the interface morphology. In the present paper, we report first that the morphologies obtained by AFM on the film are similar to those of corresponding diamond surface, and they are the remaining traces after the carbon groups moving from the film to growing diamond. The fine particles and a terrace structure with homogeneous average step height are respectively found on the diamond (100) and (111) surface. Diamond growth conditions show that its growth rates and the temperature gradients in the boundary layer of the molten film at HTHP result in the differences of surface morphologies on diamond planes, being rough on (100) plane and even on the (111) plane. The diamond growth on the (100) surface at HPHT could be considered as a process of unification of these diamond fine particles or of carbon atom groups recombination on the growing diamond crystal surface. Successive growth layer steps directly suggest the layer growth mechanism of the diamond (111) plane. The sources of the layer steps might be two-dimensional nuclei and dislocations.展开更多
A dimer of styrylpyrone derivative, leiocarpin E (1), was isolated from the bark of Goniothalamus leiocarpus. Its structures was elucidated by means of spectral and chemical methods. The cytotoxicity of leiocarpin E ...A dimer of styrylpyrone derivative, leiocarpin E (1), was isolated from the bark of Goniothalamus leiocarpus. Its structures was elucidated by means of spectral and chemical methods. The cytotoxicity of leiocarpin E against HL-60 cells was tested.展开更多
文摘AIM: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is characterized by abdominal pain and changes in stool habits. Visceral hypersensitivity is a key factor in the pathophysiology of IBS. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of rectal balloon-distention stimulus by blood oxygenation leveldependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLDfMRI) in visceral pain center and to compare the distribution,extent, and intensity of activated areas between IBS patients and normal controls.
METHODS: Twenty-six patients with IBS and eleven normal controls were tested for rectal sensation, and the subjective pain intensity at 90 ml and 120 ml rectal balloon-distention was reported by using Visual Analogue Scale. Then, BOLDfMRI was performed at 30 ml, 60 ml, 90 ml, and 120 ml rectal balloon-distention in all subjects.
RESULTS: Rectal distention stimulation increased the activity of anterior cingulate cortex (35/37), insular cortex (37/37),prefrontal cortex (37/37), and thalamus (35/37) in most cases.At 120 ml of rectal balloon-distention, the activation area and percentage change in MR signal intensity of the regions of interest (ROI) at IC, PFC, and THAL were significantly greater in patients with IBS than that in controls. Score of pain sensation at 90 ml and 120 ml rectal balloon-distention was significantly higher in patients with IBS than that in controls.
CONCLUSION: Using fMRI, some patients with IBS can be detected having visceral hypersensitivity in response to painful rectal balloon-distention. fMRI is an objective brain imaging technique to measure the change in regional cerebral activation more precisely. In this study, IC and PFC of the IBS patients were the major loci of the CNS processing of visceral perception.
基金Science and Technology Fund,Department of Health,Zhejiang Province,No.M-9810
文摘AIM: To investigate the effects and mechanisms of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on the ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury of liver cirrhosis in rats and the effect of IPC on P-selectin expression in hepatocytes.METHODS: Forty male SD rats with liver cirrhosis were randomly divided into sham operation group (SO group),ischemia/reperfusion group (I/R group), ischemic preconditioning group (IPC group), L-Arginine preconditioning group (APC group), L-NAME preconditioning group (NPC group), eight rats in each group. Hepatocellular viability was assessed by hepatic adenine nucleotide level and energy charge (EC) determined by HPLC, ALT, AST and LDH in serum measured by auto- biochemical analyzer and bile output.The expression of P-selectin in the liver tissue was analyzed by immunohistochemical technique. Leukocyte count in ischemic hepatic lobe was calculated.RESULTS: At 120 min after reperfusion, the level of ATP and EC in IPC and APC groups was higher than that in I/R group significantly. The increases in AST, ALT and LDH were prevented in IPC and APC groups. The livers produced more bile in IPC group than in I/R group during 120 min after reperfusion (0.101±0.027 versus 0.066±0.027 ml/g liver,P=0.002). There was a significant difference between APC and I/R groups, (P=0.001). The leukocyte count in liver tissues significantly increased in I/R group as compared with SO group (P＜0.05). The increase in the leukocyte count was prevented in IPC group. Administration of L-arginine resulted in the same effects as in IPC group. However,inhibition of NO synthesis (NPC group) held back the beneficial effects of preconditioning. Significant promotion of P-selectin expression in hepatocytes in the I/R group was observed compared with the SO group (P＜0.01). IPC or L-arginine attenuated P-selectin expression remarkably (P＜0.01). However, inhibition of NO synthesis enhanced Pselectin expression (P＜0.01). The degree of P-selectin expression was positively correlated with the leukocyte counts infiltrating in liver (r=0.602, P=0.000).CONCLUSION: IPC can attenuate the damage induced by I/R in cirrhotic liver and increase the ischemic tolerance of the rats with liver cirrhosis. IPC can abolish I/R induced leukocyte adhesion and infiltration by preventing postischemic P-selectin expression in the rats with liver cirrhosis via a NO-initiated pathway.
文摘AIM: To explore the expression of heparanase mRNA and point mutation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to measure the expression of heparanase mRNA in the primary tumor tissues and surrounding liver tissues of 33 HCC patients. T-A cloning and sequencing were used to detect whether there was any mutation in the amplified PCR products. RESULTS: The expression of heparanase mRNA waspositive in 16 primary tumor tissues of HCC, and the positive rate was 48.5%, which was significantly higher than that in the surrounding liver parenchyma (P<0.01). The positive rate for heparanase gene in high-tendency to metastatic recurrence group (71.4%, 10/14) was obviously higher than that in low-tendency to metastatic recurrence group (31.6%, 6/19) (P= 0.023). The positive rate for heparanase gene in paltients with metastatic recurrence during postoperative follow-up (78.6%, 11/14) was also significantly higher than that in those without metastatic recurrence (21.4%, 3/14) (P = 0.003). Sequence analysis of the HPA PCR products was made in 7 patients, and 2-point mutations were found in 4 patients, one of which was sense mutation, neither base insertion nor deletion was detected. The mutation rate was 57.1% (4/7). CONCLUSION- The expression rate of heparanase mRNA increases in HCC, and HPA mRNA may be one of the reliable markers for the metastatic activity gained by the liver tumor cells and could be used clinically in predicting metastatic recurrence of HCC. Point mutation may be one of the causes for enhanced heparanase mRNA expression.
基金This work was co-supported by Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province in China (Grant No.Y2002F06), and Education Ministry Foundation of China (Grant No.20020422035).
文摘The study for the interface of as-grown diamond and metallic film surrounding diamond is an attractive way for understanding diamond growth mechanism at high temperature and high pressure (HTHP), because it is that through the interface carbon atom groups from the molten film are transported to growing diamond surface. It is of great interest to perform atomic force microscopy (AFM) experiment; which provides a unique technique different from that of normal optical and electron microscopy studies, to observe the interface morphology. In the present paper, we report first that the morphologies obtained by AFM on the film are similar to those of corresponding diamond surface, and they are the remaining traces after the carbon groups moving from the film to growing diamond. The fine particles and a terrace structure with homogeneous average step height are respectively found on the diamond (100) and (111) surface. Diamond growth conditions show that its growth rates and the temperature gradients in the boundary layer of the molten film at HTHP result in the differences of surface morphologies on diamond planes, being rough on (100) plane and even on the (111) plane. The diamond growth on the (100) surface at HPHT could be considered as a process of unification of these diamond fine particles or of carbon atom groups recombination on the growing diamond crystal surface. Successive growth layer steps directly suggest the layer growth mechanism of the diamond (111) plane. The sources of the layer steps might be two-dimensional nuclei and dislocations.
文摘A dimer of styrylpyrone derivative, leiocarpin E (1), was isolated from the bark of Goniothalamus leiocarpus. Its structures was elucidated by means of spectral and chemical methods. The cytotoxicity of leiocarpin E against HL-60 cells was tested.
