Aiming at optimizing the energy consumption of HVAC,an energy conservation optimization method was proposed for HVAC systems based on the sensitivity analysis(SA),named the sensitivity analysis combination method(SAC)...Aiming at optimizing the energy consumption of HVAC,an energy conservation optimization method was proposed for HVAC systems based on the sensitivity analysis(SA),named the sensitivity analysis combination method(SAC).Based on the SA,neural network and the related settings about energy conservation of HVAC systems,such as cooling water temperature,chilled water temperature and supply air temperature,were optimized.Moreover,based on the data of the existing HVAC system,various optimal control methods ofHVAC systems were tested and evaluated by a simulated HVAC system in TRNSYS.The results show that the proposed SA combination method can reduce significant computational load while maintaining an equivalent energy performance compared with traditional optimal control methods.展开更多
Vinyl acetate （VA） synthesis on Pd/Au（111） and Pd/Au（100） surfaces has been systematically investigated through first-principles density functional theory （DFT） calculations. The DFr results showed that for VA...Vinyl acetate （VA） synthesis on Pd/Au（111） and Pd/Au（100） surfaces has been systematically investigated through first-principles density functional theory （DFT） calculations. The DFr results showed that for VA synthesis, the ＇Samanos＇ reaction mechanism （i.e., direct coupling of coadsorbed ethylene and acetate species and subsequent/%hydride elimination to form VA） is more favorable than the ＇Moiseev＇ mechanism （i.e., ethylene first dehydrogenates to form vinyl species which then couple with the coadsorbed acetate species to form VA）. More importantly, it was found the surface coverage of acetate has a significant effect on the reactivity of VA synthesis, and the activation energy of the rate- controlling step on Pd/Au（100） surface is smaller than that on Pd/Au（111） surface （0.88 vs. 0.95 eV）, indicating the former is more active than the latter.展开更多
To investigate the role of pre-twins in Mg alloy sheets during warm planar deformation,the stretch forming is conducted at 200℃.Results suggest the formability of the pre-twinned AZ31 Mg alloy sheet is enhanced to 11...To investigate the role of pre-twins in Mg alloy sheets during warm planar deformation,the stretch forming is conducted at 200℃.Results suggest the formability of the pre-twinned AZ31 Mg alloy sheet is enhanced to 11.30 mm.The mechanisms for the improved formability and the deformation behaviors during the planar stretch forming are systematically investigated based on the planar stress states.The Schmid factor for deformation mechanisms are calculated,the results reveal that planar stress states extremely affect the Schmid factor for{10-12}twinning.The detwinning is activated and the prismatic slip is enhanced in the pre-twinned sheet,especially under the planar extension stress state in the outer region.Consequently,the thickness-direction strain is accommodated better.The dynamic recrystallization(DRX)type is continuous DRX(CDRX)regardless of the planar stress state.However,the CDRX degree is greater under the planar extension stress state.Some twin lattices deviate from the perfect{10-12}twinning relation due to the planar compression stress state and the CDRX.The basal texture is weakened when the planar stress state tends to change the texture components.展开更多
Nano-targeted delivery systems have been widely used for breast tumor drug delivery.Estrogen receptors are considered to be significant drug delivery target receptors due to their overexpression in a variety of tumor ...Nano-targeted delivery systems have been widely used for breast tumor drug delivery.Estrogen receptors are considered to be significant drug delivery target receptors due to their overexpression in a variety of tumor cells.However,targeted ligands have a significant impact on the safety and effectiveness of active delivery systems,limiting the clinical transformation of nanoparticles.Phytoestrogens have shown good biosafety characteristics and some affinity with the estrogen receptor.In the present study,molecular docking was used to select tanshinone IIA(Tan IIA)among phytoestrogens as a target ligand to be used in nanodelivery systems with somemodifications.Modified Tan IIA(Tan-NH2)showed a good biosafety profile and demonstrated tumor-targeting,anti-tumor and anti-tumor metastasis effects.Moreover,the ligand was utilized with the anti-tumor drug Dox-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles via chemical modification to generate a nanocomposite Tan-Dox-MSN.Tan-Dox-MSN had a uniform particle size,good dispersibility and high drug loading capacity.Validation experiments in vivo and in vitro showed that it also had a better targeting ability,anti-tumor effect and lower toxicity in normal organs.These results supported the idea that phytoestrogens with high affinity for the estrogen receptor could improve the therapeutic efficacy of nano-targeted delivery systems in breast tumors.展开更多
High-temperature pre-stretching experiments were carried out on the AZ31 Mg alloy at 723 K with strain levels of 2.54%,6.48%,10.92%,and 19.2%to alter the microstructure and texture for improving room-temperature forma...High-temperature pre-stretching experiments were carried out on the AZ31 Mg alloy at 723 K with strain levels of 2.54%,6.48%,10.92%,and 19.2%to alter the microstructure and texture for improving room-temperature formability.The results showed that the strain-hardening coefcient increased,while the Lankford value decreased.In addition,the Erichsen values of all pre-stretch sheets were enhanced compared with that of the as-received sheet.The maximum Erichsen value increased from 2.38 mm for the as-received sample to 4.03 mm for the 10.92%-stretched sample,corresponding to an improvement of 69.32%.This improvement was mainly attributed to the gradual increase in grain size,and the(0001)basal texture was weakened due to the activated non-basal slip as the high-temperature pre-stretching strain levels increased.The visco-plastic self-consistent analysis was performed on the as-received and high-temperature pre-stretched samples.Results confrmed the higher activity of the prismatic slip in 10.92%-stretched sample,leading to divergence and weakening of basal texture components.This results in an augmentation of the Schmid factor under diferent slip systems.Therefore,it can be concluded that high-temperature pre-stretching technology provided an efective method to enhance the formability of Mg alloy sheets.展开更多
Objective:This study aimed to lay the foundation for the research on Panax notoginseng saponins(PNS)in pH-sensitive in situ gel and the development and improvement of related preparations.Methods:We used Carbopol■940...Objective:This study aimed to lay the foundation for the research on Panax notoginseng saponins(PNS)in pH-sensitive in situ gel and the development and improvement of related preparations.Methods:We used Carbopol■940,a commonly used pH-sensitive polymer,and the thickener hydroxypropyl methylcellulose(HPMC E4M)as an ophthalmic gel matrix to prepare an ophthalmic in situ gel of PNS.In addition,formula optimization was performed by assessing gelling capability with the results of in vitro release studies.In vitro(corneal permeation,rheological,and stability)and in vivo(ocular irritation and preliminary pharmacokinetics in the vitreous)studies were also performed.Results:The results demonstrated that the in situ gelling systems containing PNS showed a sustained release of the drug,making it an ideal ocular delivery system for improving posterior ocular bioavailability.Conclusions:This study lays the foundation for the research of PNS contained in an in situ pH-triggered gel as well as the development and improvement of related preparations.It concurrently traditional Chinese medicine with a contemporary in situ gelling approach to provide new directions for the treatment of posterior ocular diseases such as diabetic retinopathy.展开更多
The optimization of multi-zone residential heating,ventilation,and air conditioning(HVAC)control is not an easy task due to its complex dynamic thermal model and the uncertainty of occupant-driven cooling loads.Deep r...The optimization of multi-zone residential heating,ventilation,and air conditioning(HVAC)control is not an easy task due to its complex dynamic thermal model and the uncertainty of occupant-driven cooling loads.Deep reinforcement learning(DRL)methods have recently been proposed to address the HVAC control problem.However,the application of single-agent DRL formulti-zone residential HVAC controlmay lead to non-convergence or slow convergence.In this paper,we propose MAQMC(Multi-Agent deep Q-network for multi-zone residential HVAC Control)to address this challenge with the goal of minimizing energy consumption while maintaining occupants’thermal comfort.MAQMC is divided into MAQMC2(MAQMC with two agents:one agent controls the temperature of each zone,and the other agent controls the humidity of each zone)and MAQMC3(MAQMC with three agents:three agents control the temperature and humidity of three zones,respectively).The experimental results showthatMAQMC3 can reduce energy consumption by 6.27%andMAQMC2 by 3.73%compared with the fixed point;compared with the rule-based,MAQMC3 andMAQMC2 respectively can reduce 61.89%and 59.07%comfort violation.In addition,experiments with different regional weather data demonstrate that the well-trained MAQMC RL agents have the robustness and adaptability to unknown environments.展开更多
The characteristics of PF are diffuse alveolitis and disruption of alveolar structure leading to pulmonary interstitial fibrosis.At the same time,pulmonary fibrosis reduces lung volume and restricts ventilation,ultima...The characteristics of PF are diffuse alveolitis and disruption of alveolar structure leading to pulmonary interstitial fibrosis.At the same time,pulmonary fibrosis reduces lung volume and restricts ventilation,ultimately leading to hypoxemia and respiratory failure.In clinical guidelines,Nintedanib or Pirfenidone is often used for treatment.However,the two drugs,although they may slow the progression of the disease,cannot stop,or reverse fibrosis and generally result in a variety of toxic side effects.In 184-220 A.D.,it was already recorded in Supplementary Records of Famous Physicians that the function of SMB was to invigorate blood circulation and disperse blood stasis.In modern medical research,the active ingredients of SMB have likewise been found to be used in treatments such as anti-fibrosis,anti-inflammatory,antithrombotic,antioxidant,microcirculatory improvement,and antineoplastic.In this review,a comprehensive search of the former literature on SMB and pulmonary fibers was conducted using databases including PubMed,CNKI,the National Science and Technology Library,Hindawi,Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database,and the Scientific Network Database.Meanwhile,this review presents the mechanisms of the active ingredients in SMB which have anti-pulmonary fibrosis effects through the signal pathways,cytokines,inflammation response,oxidative stress,apoptosis,and matrix metalloproteinases.SMB could offer a direction for therapy for pulmonary fibrosis by identifying the possible active components and exploring the potential mechanisms.Those could provide a reference for further research and application of SMB in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.展开更多
Meta-learning has been widely applied to solving few-shot reinforcement learning problems,where we hope to obtain an agent that can learn quickly in a new task.However,these algorithms often ignore some isolated tasks...Meta-learning has been widely applied to solving few-shot reinforcement learning problems,where we hope to obtain an agent that can learn quickly in a new task.However,these algorithms often ignore some isolated tasks in pursuit of the average performance,which may result in negative adaptation in these isolated tasks,and they usually need sufficient learning in a stationary task distribution.In this paper,our algorithm presents a hierarchical framework of double meta-learning,and the whole framework includes classification,meta-learning,and re-adaptation.Firstly,in the classification process,we classify tasks into several task subsets,considered as some categories of tasks,by learned parameters of each task,which can separate out some isolated tasks thereafter.Secondly,in the meta-learning process,we learn category parameters in all subsets via meta-learning.Simultaneously,based on the gradient of each category parameter in each subset,we use meta-learning again to learn a new metaparameter related to the whole task set,which can be used as an initial parameter for the new task.Finally,in the re-adaption process,we adapt the parameter of the new task with two steps,by the meta-parameter and the appropriate category parameter successively.Experimentally,we demonstrate our algorithm prevents the agent from negative adaptation without losing the average performance for the whole task set.Additionally,our algorithm presents a more rapid adaptation process within readaptation.Moreover,we show the good performance of our algorithm with fewer samples as the agent is exposed to an online meta-learning setting.展开更多
To the Editor:The polymyxin antibiotics colistin(polymyxin E)and polymyxin B(PMB)became available in the 1950s;thus,they did not undergo contemporary drug development procedures.Their clinical use has recently resurge...To the Editor:The polymyxin antibiotics colistin(polymyxin E)and polymyxin B(PMB)became available in the 1950s;thus,they did not undergo contemporary drug development procedures.Their clinical use has recently resurged,assuming an important role as salvage therapv for otherwise untreatable gram-negative infection.[1]Multidrug-resistant(MDR)bacterial infections are primarily caused by gram-negative bacilli(GNB),such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae^in lung transplant(LT)patients.[2]The increasing prevalence of MDR-GNB infections in LT patients has led to an upsurge in the use of these“older”drugs.During the treatment course,we should pay attention to severe and life-threatening respiratory paralysis caused by neuromuscular blockage associated with PMB.Herein,we report a rare case of a 67-year-old LT patient who suffered from respiratory arrest induced by PMB.展开更多
Background:Alterations in the respiratory microbiome are common following lung transplantation;however,the complex relationship between microbial composition and posttransplant clinical outcomes remains insufficiently...Background:Alterations in the respiratory microbiome are common following lung transplantation;however,the complex relationship between microbial composition and posttransplant clinical outcomes remains insufficiently characterized.This study aimed to delineate microbial signatures within the lower respiratory tract and to elucidate their associations with posttransplant outcomes in lung transplant recipients(LTRs).Methods:Metagenomic sequencing was performed on 138 bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)samples collected in 2023 from patients who had undergone lung transplantation between 2017 and 2023 at the China-Japan Friendship Hospital.Lung function indices,hematologic parameters,and serum cytokine levels were assessed,and patients were prospectively followed to record adverse clinical events.Results:The lung microbiome of stable LTRs formed four distinct clusters,exhibiting marked heterogeneity in both α-and β-diversity.The most prevalent cluster,enriched with oral-origin commensals,such as Neisseria subflava(N.subflava),Prevotella melaninogenica,and Streptococcus mitis(S.mitis),demonstrated the highest microbial diversity,and was associated with the lowest C-reactive protein levels,fewest adverse events,and the longest complication-free postoperative duration.In contrast,a virus-enriched cluster characterized by reduced diversity and high abundance of Torque teno virus and Cytomegalovirus human betaherpesvirus 5 was associated with poorer outcomes.BALF samples from infected LTRs exhibited more severe dysbiosis than those from immunocompetent individuals,with reduced diversity and pathogen dominance.Concurrent infections aggravated antibody-mediated rejection-related lung function decline,indicating complex microbiome-immune interactions.Integrative modeling of microbiome,hematologic,and pulmonary function data yielded superior diagnostic performance for infection detection(area under the receiver operating characteristic curve=0.93).Conclusion:The composition of the lung microbiome may serve as a prognostic biomarker for clinical outcomes after lung transplantation.The presence of diverse,commensal-dominated communities was associated with improved outcomes,whereas viral enrichment correlated with adverse events.These findings underscore the clinical importance of microbiome monitoring in posttransplant management and suggest that targeted modulation of microbial communities could improve long-term graft stability and patient prognosis.展开更多
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(No.2020YFC2006602)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62072324,61876217,61876121,61772357)+1 种基金University Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.21KJA520005)Primary Research and Development Plan of Jiangsu Province(No.BE2020026).
文摘Aiming at optimizing the energy consumption of HVAC,an energy conservation optimization method was proposed for HVAC systems based on the sensitivity analysis(SA),named the sensitivity analysis combination method(SAC).Based on the SA,neural network and the related settings about energy conservation of HVAC systems,such as cooling water temperature,chilled water temperature and supply air temperature,were optimized.Moreover,based on the data of the existing HVAC system,various optimal control methods ofHVAC systems were tested and evaluated by a simulated HVAC system in TRNSYS.The results show that the proposed SA combination method can reduce significant computational load while maintaining an equivalent energy performance compared with traditional optimal control methods.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51704209,U1810208,U1810122)the Central Government Guided Local Science and Technology Development Projects,China(No.YDZJSX2021A010)+5 种基金the Projects of International Cooperation in Shanxi Province,China(Nos.201803D421086,201903D421076)Shanxi Province Patent Promotion Implementation Fund,China(No.20200718)the Technological Innovation Programs of Higher Education Institutions in Shanxi Province,China(No.201802034)Shanxi Province Scientific Facilities and Instruments Shared Service Platform of Magnesium-based Materials Electric Impulse Aided Forming,China(No.201805D141005)Science and Technology Major Project of Shanxi Province,China(Nos.20191102008,20191102007,20181101008)Yantai High-end Talent Introduction“Double Hundred Plan”,China(2021)。
基金supported by the State Key Program of Natural Science of Tianjin (Grant No. 13JCZDJC26800)the foundation of State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion (Grant No. J13-14-908)
文摘Vinyl acetate （VA） synthesis on Pd/Au（111） and Pd/Au（100） surfaces has been systematically investigated through first-principles density functional theory （DFT） calculations. The DFr results showed that for VA synthesis, the ＇Samanos＇ reaction mechanism （i.e., direct coupling of coadsorbed ethylene and acetate species and subsequent/%hydride elimination to form VA） is more favorable than the ＇Moiseev＇ mechanism （i.e., ethylene first dehydrogenates to form vinyl species which then couple with the coadsorbed acetate species to form VA）. More importantly, it was found the surface coverage of acetate has a significant effect on the reactivity of VA synthesis, and the activation energy of the rate- controlling step on Pd/Au（100） surface is smaller than that on Pd/Au（111） surface （0.88 vs. 0.95 eV）, indicating the former is more active than the latter.
基金the Central Government Guided Local Science and Technology Development Projects(YDZJSX2021A010)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M710541)+5 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51704209,52274397,U1810208)the Projects of International Cooperation in Shanxi(201803D421086)Shanxi Province Patent Promotion Implementation Fund(20200718)Research Project Supported by Shanxi Scholarship Council of China(2022-038)Science and Technology Major Project of Shanxi Province(20191102008,20191102007,20181101008)Taishan Scholars Project Special Fund(2021)。
文摘To investigate the role of pre-twins in Mg alloy sheets during warm planar deformation,the stretch forming is conducted at 200℃.Results suggest the formability of the pre-twinned AZ31 Mg alloy sheet is enhanced to 11.30 mm.The mechanisms for the improved formability and the deformation behaviors during the planar stretch forming are systematically investigated based on the planar stress states.The Schmid factor for deformation mechanisms are calculated,the results reveal that planar stress states extremely affect the Schmid factor for{10-12}twinning.The detwinning is activated and the prismatic slip is enhanced in the pre-twinned sheet,especially under the planar extension stress state in the outer region.Consequently,the thickness-direction strain is accommodated better.The dynamic recrystallization(DRX)type is continuous DRX(CDRX)regardless of the planar stress state.However,the CDRX degree is greater under the planar extension stress state.Some twin lattices deviate from the perfect{10-12}twinning relation due to the planar compression stress state and the CDRX.The basal texture is weakened when the planar stress state tends to change the texture components.
基金supported by the Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Scientific Research Project for the NewTeacher[grant number:XJS2022212]The Science and Technology Program of Tianjin[grant number:21YJDJC00020]The Science and Technology Project of Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine[grant number:22HHZYSS00005].
文摘Nano-targeted delivery systems have been widely used for breast tumor drug delivery.Estrogen receptors are considered to be significant drug delivery target receptors due to their overexpression in a variety of tumor cells.However,targeted ligands have a significant impact on the safety and effectiveness of active delivery systems,limiting the clinical transformation of nanoparticles.Phytoestrogens have shown good biosafety characteristics and some affinity with the estrogen receptor.In the present study,molecular docking was used to select tanshinone IIA(Tan IIA)among phytoestrogens as a target ligand to be used in nanodelivery systems with somemodifications.Modified Tan IIA(Tan-NH2)showed a good biosafety profile and demonstrated tumor-targeting,anti-tumor and anti-tumor metastasis effects.Moreover,the ligand was utilized with the anti-tumor drug Dox-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles via chemical modification to generate a nanocomposite Tan-Dox-MSN.Tan-Dox-MSN had a uniform particle size,good dispersibility and high drug loading capacity.Validation experiments in vivo and in vitro showed that it also had a better targeting ability,anti-tumor effect and lower toxicity in normal organs.These results supported the idea that phytoestrogens with high affinity for the estrogen receptor could improve the therapeutic efficacy of nano-targeted delivery systems in breast tumors.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51704209,U1810208)the Central Government Guided Local Science and Technology Development Projects(No.YDZJSX2021A010)+3 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M710541)the Projects of International Cooperation in Shanxi(No.201803D421086)the Shanxi Province Patent Promotion Implementation Fund(No.20200718)the Technological Innovation Programs of Higher Education Institutions in Shanxi(No.201802034).
文摘High-temperature pre-stretching experiments were carried out on the AZ31 Mg alloy at 723 K with strain levels of 2.54%,6.48%,10.92%,and 19.2%to alter the microstructure and texture for improving room-temperature formability.The results showed that the strain-hardening coefcient increased,while the Lankford value decreased.In addition,the Erichsen values of all pre-stretch sheets were enhanced compared with that of the as-received sheet.The maximum Erichsen value increased from 2.38 mm for the as-received sample to 4.03 mm for the 10.92%-stretched sample,corresponding to an improvement of 69.32%.This improvement was mainly attributed to the gradual increase in grain size,and the(0001)basal texture was weakened due to the activated non-basal slip as the high-temperature pre-stretching strain levels increased.The visco-plastic self-consistent analysis was performed on the as-received and high-temperature pre-stretched samples.Results confrmed the higher activity of the prismatic slip in 10.92%-stretched sample,leading to divergence and weakening of basal texture components.This results in an augmentation of the Schmid factor under diferent slip systems.Therefore,it can be concluded that high-temperature pre-stretching technology provided an efective method to enhance the formability of Mg alloy sheets.
文摘Objective:This study aimed to lay the foundation for the research on Panax notoginseng saponins(PNS)in pH-sensitive in situ gel and the development and improvement of related preparations.Methods:We used Carbopol■940,a commonly used pH-sensitive polymer,and the thickener hydroxypropyl methylcellulose(HPMC E4M)as an ophthalmic gel matrix to prepare an ophthalmic in situ gel of PNS.In addition,formula optimization was performed by assessing gelling capability with the results of in vitro release studies.In vitro(corneal permeation,rheological,and stability)and in vivo(ocular irritation and preliminary pharmacokinetics in the vitreous)studies were also performed.Results:The results demonstrated that the in situ gelling systems containing PNS showed a sustained release of the drug,making it an ideal ocular delivery system for improving posterior ocular bioavailability.Conclusions:This study lays the foundation for the research of PNS contained in an in situ pH-triggered gel as well as the development and improvement of related preparations.It concurrently traditional Chinese medicine with a contemporary in situ gelling approach to provide new directions for the treatment of posterior ocular diseases such as diabetic retinopathy.
基金supported by Primary Research and Development Plan of China(No.2020YFC2006602)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62072324,61876217,61876121,61772357)+2 种基金University Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.21KJA520005)Primary Research and Development Plan of Jiangsu Province(No.BE2020026)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20190942).
文摘The optimization of multi-zone residential heating,ventilation,and air conditioning(HVAC)control is not an easy task due to its complex dynamic thermal model and the uncertainty of occupant-driven cooling loads.Deep reinforcement learning(DRL)methods have recently been proposed to address the HVAC control problem.However,the application of single-agent DRL formulti-zone residential HVAC controlmay lead to non-convergence or slow convergence.In this paper,we propose MAQMC(Multi-Agent deep Q-network for multi-zone residential HVAC Control)to address this challenge with the goal of minimizing energy consumption while maintaining occupants’thermal comfort.MAQMC is divided into MAQMC2(MAQMC with two agents:one agent controls the temperature of each zone,and the other agent controls the humidity of each zone)and MAQMC3(MAQMC with three agents:three agents control the temperature and humidity of three zones,respectively).The experimental results showthatMAQMC3 can reduce energy consumption by 6.27%andMAQMC2 by 3.73%compared with the fixed point;compared with the rule-based,MAQMC3 andMAQMC2 respectively can reduce 61.89%and 59.07%comfort violation.In addition,experiments with different regional weather data demonstrate that the well-trained MAQMC RL agents have the robustness and adaptability to unknown environments.
基金supported by Scientific Research Project of Tianjin Municipal Education Commission(No.2019KJ083).
文摘The characteristics of PF are diffuse alveolitis and disruption of alveolar structure leading to pulmonary interstitial fibrosis.At the same time,pulmonary fibrosis reduces lung volume and restricts ventilation,ultimately leading to hypoxemia and respiratory failure.In clinical guidelines,Nintedanib or Pirfenidone is often used for treatment.However,the two drugs,although they may slow the progression of the disease,cannot stop,or reverse fibrosis and generally result in a variety of toxic side effects.In 184-220 A.D.,it was already recorded in Supplementary Records of Famous Physicians that the function of SMB was to invigorate blood circulation and disperse blood stasis.In modern medical research,the active ingredients of SMB have likewise been found to be used in treatments such as anti-fibrosis,anti-inflammatory,antithrombotic,antioxidant,microcirculatory improvement,and antineoplastic.In this review,a comprehensive search of the former literature on SMB and pulmonary fibers was conducted using databases including PubMed,CNKI,the National Science and Technology Library,Hindawi,Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database,and the Scientific Network Database.Meanwhile,this review presents the mechanisms of the active ingredients in SMB which have anti-pulmonary fibrosis effects through the signal pathways,cytokines,inflammation response,oxidative stress,apoptosis,and matrix metalloproteinases.SMB could offer a direction for therapy for pulmonary fibrosis by identifying the possible active components and exploring the potential mechanisms.Those could provide a reference for further research and application of SMB in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFC2006602)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62072324,61876217,61876121,61772357)+3 种基金University Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.21KJA520005)Primary Research and Development Plan of Jiangsu Province(BE2020026)Natural ScienceFoundationof Jiangsu Province(BK20190942)Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(No.KYCX21_3020).
文摘Meta-learning has been widely applied to solving few-shot reinforcement learning problems,where we hope to obtain an agent that can learn quickly in a new task.However,these algorithms often ignore some isolated tasks in pursuit of the average performance,which may result in negative adaptation in these isolated tasks,and they usually need sufficient learning in a stationary task distribution.In this paper,our algorithm presents a hierarchical framework of double meta-learning,and the whole framework includes classification,meta-learning,and re-adaptation.Firstly,in the classification process,we classify tasks into several task subsets,considered as some categories of tasks,by learned parameters of each task,which can separate out some isolated tasks thereafter.Secondly,in the meta-learning process,we learn category parameters in all subsets via meta-learning.Simultaneously,based on the gradient of each category parameter in each subset,we use meta-learning again to learn a new metaparameter related to the whole task set,which can be used as an initial parameter for the new task.Finally,in the re-adaption process,we adapt the parameter of the new task with two steps,by the meta-parameter and the appropriate category parameter successively.Experimentally,we demonstrate our algorithm prevents the agent from negative adaptation without losing the average performance for the whole task set.Additionally,our algorithm presents a more rapid adaptation process within readaptation.Moreover,we show the good performance of our algorithm with fewer samples as the agent is exposed to an online meta-learning setting.
基金This work was supported by the Non-profit Central Research Institute Fund of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(No.2019PT320020).
文摘To the Editor:The polymyxin antibiotics colistin(polymyxin E)and polymyxin B(PMB)became available in the 1950s;thus,they did not undergo contemporary drug development procedures.Their clinical use has recently resurged,assuming an important role as salvage therapv for otherwise untreatable gram-negative infection.[1]Multidrug-resistant(MDR)bacterial infections are primarily caused by gram-negative bacilli(GNB),such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae^in lung transplant(LT)patients.[2]The increasing prevalence of MDR-GNB infections in LT patients has led to an upsurge in the use of these“older”drugs.During the treatment course,we should pay attention to severe and life-threatening respiratory paralysis caused by neuromuscular blockage associated with PMB.Herein,we report a rare case of a 67-year-old LT patient who suffered from respiratory arrest induced by PMB.
基金supported by the National Key Research&Development Program of China(No.2022YFA1304303)National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Fund(Nos.2025-NHLHCRF-JBGS-BWZ-06,2022-NHLHCRF-LX-03-05,and 2022-NHLHCRF-LX-01)+1 种基金the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(CAMS)Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(No.2021-I2M-1-049)New Cornerstone Science Foundation.
文摘Background:Alterations in the respiratory microbiome are common following lung transplantation;however,the complex relationship between microbial composition and posttransplant clinical outcomes remains insufficiently characterized.This study aimed to delineate microbial signatures within the lower respiratory tract and to elucidate their associations with posttransplant outcomes in lung transplant recipients(LTRs).Methods:Metagenomic sequencing was performed on 138 bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)samples collected in 2023 from patients who had undergone lung transplantation between 2017 and 2023 at the China-Japan Friendship Hospital.Lung function indices,hematologic parameters,and serum cytokine levels were assessed,and patients were prospectively followed to record adverse clinical events.Results:The lung microbiome of stable LTRs formed four distinct clusters,exhibiting marked heterogeneity in both α-and β-diversity.The most prevalent cluster,enriched with oral-origin commensals,such as Neisseria subflava(N.subflava),Prevotella melaninogenica,and Streptococcus mitis(S.mitis),demonstrated the highest microbial diversity,and was associated with the lowest C-reactive protein levels,fewest adverse events,and the longest complication-free postoperative duration.In contrast,a virus-enriched cluster characterized by reduced diversity and high abundance of Torque teno virus and Cytomegalovirus human betaherpesvirus 5 was associated with poorer outcomes.BALF samples from infected LTRs exhibited more severe dysbiosis than those from immunocompetent individuals,with reduced diversity and pathogen dominance.Concurrent infections aggravated antibody-mediated rejection-related lung function decline,indicating complex microbiome-immune interactions.Integrative modeling of microbiome,hematologic,and pulmonary function data yielded superior diagnostic performance for infection detection(area under the receiver operating characteristic curve=0.93).Conclusion:The composition of the lung microbiome may serve as a prognostic biomarker for clinical outcomes after lung transplantation.The presence of diverse,commensal-dominated communities was associated with improved outcomes,whereas viral enrichment correlated with adverse events.These findings underscore the clinical importance of microbiome monitoring in posttransplant management and suggest that targeted modulation of microbial communities could improve long-term graft stability and patient prognosis.
