Oxygen release and electrolyte decomposition under high voltage endlessly exacerbate interfacial ramifications and structu ral degradation of high energy-density Li-rich layered oxide(LLO),leading to voltage and capac...Oxygen release and electrolyte decomposition under high voltage endlessly exacerbate interfacial ramifications and structu ral degradation of high energy-density Li-rich layered oxide(LLO),leading to voltage and capacity fading.Herein,the dual-strategy of Cr,B complex coating and local gradient doping is simultaneously achieved on LLO surface by a one-step wet chemical reaction at room temperature.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations prove that stable B-O and Cr-O bonds through the local gradient doping can significantly reduce the high-energy O 2p states of interfacial lattice O,which is also effective for the near-surface lattice O,thus greatly stabilizing the LLO surface,Besides,differential electrochemical mass spectrometry(DEMS)indicates that the Cr_(x)B complex coating can adequately inhibit oxygen release and prevents the migration or dissolution of transition metal ions,including allowing speedy Li^(+)migration,The voltage and capacity fading of the modified cathode(LLO-C_(r)B)are adequately suppressed,which are benefited from the uniformly dense cathode electrolyte interface(CEI)composed of balanced organic/inorganic composition.Therefore,the specific capacity of LLO-CrB after 200 cycles at 1C is 209.3 mA h g^(-1)(with a retention rate of 95.1%).This dual-strategy through a one-step wet chemical reaction is expected to be applied in the design and development of other anionic redox cathode materials.展开更多
Background:How AMP activated protein kinase(AMPK)signaling regulates mito-chondrial functions and mitophagy in human trophoblast cells remains unclear.This study was designed to investigate potential players mediating...Background:How AMP activated protein kinase(AMPK)signaling regulates mito-chondrial functions and mitophagy in human trophoblast cells remains unclear.This study was designed to investigate potential players mediating the regulation of AMPK on mitochondrial functions and mitophagy by next generation RNA-seq.Methods:We compared ATP production in protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1/2(PRKAA1/2)knockdown(AKD)and control BeWo cells using the Seahorse real-time ATP rate test,then analyzed gene expression profiling by RNA-seq.Differentially expressed genes(DEG)were examined by Gene Ontology(GO)analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment.Then protein-protein interactions(PPI)among mitochondria related genes were fur-ther analyzed using Metascape and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis(IPA)software.Results:Both mitochondrial and glycolytic ATP production in AKD cells were lower than in the control BeWo cells(CT),with a greater reduction of mitochondrial ATP production.A total of 1092 DEGs were identified,with 405 upregulated and 687 downregulated.GO analysis identified 60 genes associated with the term‘mitochon-drion’in the cellular component domain.PPI analysis identified three clusters of mito-chondria related genes,including aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10 and B15(AKR1B10,AKR1B15),alanyl-tRNA synthetase 1(AARS1),mitochondrial ribosomal protein S6(MRPS6),mitochondrial calcium uniporter dominant negative subunit beta(MCUB)and dihydrolipoamide branched chain transacylase E2(DBT).Conclusions:In summary,this study identified multiple mitochondria related genes regulated by AMPK in BeWo cells,and among them,three clusters of genes may po-tentially contribute to altered mitochondrial functions in response to reduced AMPK signaling.展开更多
Energy is essential for human existence,and its high consumption is a growing concern in today’s technologydriven society.Global initiatives aim to reduce energy consumption and pollution by developing and deploying ...Energy is essential for human existence,and its high consumption is a growing concern in today’s technologydriven society.Global initiatives aim to reduce energy consumption and pollution by developing and deploying energy-efficient sensing technologies for long-term monitoring,control,automation,security,and interactions.Wireless Body Area Networks(WBANs)benfit a lot from the continuous monitoring capabilities of these sensing devices,which include medical sensors worn on or implanted in the human body for healthcare monitoring.Despite significant advancements,achieving energy efficiency in WBANs remains a significant challenge.A deep understanding of the WBAN architecture is essential to identify the causes of its energy inefficiency and develop novel energy-efficient solutions.We investigate energy efficiency issues specific to WBANs.We discuss the transformative impact that artficial intelligence and Machine Learning(ML)can have on achieving the energy efficiency of WBANs.Additionally,we explore the potential of emerging technologies such as quantum computing,nano-technology,biocompatible energy harvesting,and Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer(SWIPT)in enabling energy efficiency in WBANs.We focus on WBANs’architecture,hardware,and software components to identify key factors responsible for energy consumption in the WBAN environment.Based on our comprehensive review,we introduce an innovative,energy-efficient three-tier architecture for WBANs that employs ML and edge computing to overcome the limitations inherent in existing energy-efficient solutions.Finally,we summarize the lessons learned and highlight future research directions that will enable the development of energy-efficient solutions for WBANs.展开更多
Sequential processing(SqP)of the active layer offers independent optimization of the donor and acceptor with more targeted solvent design,which is considered the most promising strategy for achieving efficient organic...Sequential processing(SqP)of the active layer offers independent optimization of the donor and acceptor with more targeted solvent design,which is considered the most promising strategy for achieving efficient organic solar cells(OSCs).In the SqP method,the favorable interpenetrating network seriously depends on the fine control of the bottom layer swelling.However,the choice of solvent(s)for both the donor and acceptor have been mostly based on a trial-and-error manner.A single solvent often cannot achieve sufficient yet not excessive swelling,which has long been a difficulty in the high efficient SqP OSCs.Herein,two new isomeric molecules are introduced to fine-tune the nucleation and crystallization dynamics that allows judicious control over the swelling of the bottom layer.The strong non-covalent interaction between the isomeric molecule and active materials provides an excellent driving force for optimize the swelling-process.Among them,the molecule with high dipole moment promotes earlier nucleation of the PM6 and provides extended time for crystallization during SqP,improving bulk morphology and vertical phase segregation.As a result,champion efficiencies of 17.38%and 20.00%(certified 19.70%)are achieved based on PM6/PYF-T-o(all-polymer)and PM6/BTP-eC9 devices casted by toluene solvent.展开更多
Nanostructured ceria has attracted much attention in the field of redox catalysts due to the numerous active sites with excellent redox ability.Based on the acidic medium etching strategy,we constructed the strong bin...Nanostructured ceria has attracted much attention in the field of redox catalysts due to the numerous active sites with excellent redox ability.Based on the acidic medium etching strategy,we constructed the strong binding centers(hydroxyl sites and strong acid sites)on the surfaces of nanostructured ceria,which regulate the adsorption process of KA-Oil(the mixture of cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone)and to promote high KA-Oil selectivity in cyclohexane oxidation.The three CeO_(2)(nanocube,nanorod and nanopolyhedron)with different exposed crystal planes were treated by acid etching to change the surface sites and catalytic properties.The transition behavior of surface sites during etching was revealed,abundant strong binding centers were proved to be constructed successfully.And especially for the nanorod treated by acid(Acid@CeO_(2)-NR)with the strongest response for sulfuric acid etching,the strong adsorption of cyclohexanone by strong binding centers was confirmed based on the in-situ DRIFTs.The sulfuric acid etching strategy to enhance the selective oxidation of cyclohexane based on the construction of strong binding centers was proved to be feasible and effective,Acid@CeO_(2)-NR with strongest etching response achieved the dramatic promotion of KA-Oil selectivity from 64.1%to 92.3%.展开更多
Underwater launch is a transient vibration process under the impact load.The hydrodynamic calculation is an important part of equipment research.In this paper,firstly,combining the theory of the Euler-Bernoulli beam a...Underwater launch is a transient vibration process under the impact load.The hydrodynamic calculation is an important part of equipment research.In this paper,firstly,combining the theory of the Euler-Bernoulli beam and the potential flow,the transfer equation of the Euler-Bernoulli beam considering the hydroelastic effect is derived,which expands the application scope of the transfer matrix.The correctness of the transfer matrix for the beam with hydroelastic behaviors is verified by comparison with the results of the finite element analysis.Then the dynamics model of the underwater launch system is established based on the multibody system transfer matrix method,and the beam with hydroelastic behaviors is employed as the external vehicle.Subsequently,the overall transfer and dynamic equation are derived,resulting in the solution of the wet natural frequency and the dynamic response under the impact load.The comparison with experimental data validates the dynamics model and simulation results and ensures its reliability in practical applications.The dynamic of the system demonstrates that the launching interval and adjacent tube effect will exert an influence on the subsequent emission.This research provides a fast and efficient method for the dynamic calculation of the underwater launch system.展开更多
Marine biofouling is the undesired attachment and formation of marine organisms on surfaces,which adversely affects ship maintenance,economic costs,and ecosystem health.Despite remarkable advancements in antifouling c...Marine biofouling is the undesired attachment and formation of marine organisms on surfaces,which adversely affects ship maintenance,economic costs,and ecosystem health.Despite remarkable advancements in antifouling coatings,developing formulations that simultaneously achieve environmental benign and high antifouling performances remains a critical challenge.Herein,drawing inspiration from the natural antifouling mechanisms including the superhydrophobicity of lotus leaves and biochemical defense of coral mucus,we developed a Superhydrophobic Antifouling Coating(SHAC)incorporating coral mucus-derived agents.This biomimetic design synergistically integrates physical anti-adhesion of superhydrophobic surfaces with chemical repellency of antifouling agents,yielding outstanding antifouling performance.The SHAC demonstrates remarkable durability(withstanding 100 abrasion cycles),sustained superhydrophobicity(contact angle>150°),and outstanding antifouling efficacy(92%bacterial and 96%algal inhibition).Marine field tests demonstrate significant reduction in fouling organism attachment over 30 days.Our work presents an eco-friendly and high-performance solution to marine biofouling,bridging the gap between sustainability and effectiveness in antifouling technology.展开更多
Rational developing high-performance and economically efficient dual-functional oxygen electrocatalysts to drive the lumberly reactivity rates of oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)in Zn-a...Rational developing high-performance and economically efficient dual-functional oxygen electrocatalysts to drive the lumberly reactivity rates of oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)in Zn-air batteries is highly attractive,yet remains conceptually challenging.Herein,Ni/MnO heterostructure nanosheets and nanoparticles firmly anchored onto the N-doped carbon nanofibers(noted as Ni/MnO@N-C NS/NFs)for efficient bifunctional ORR/OER electrocatalysis are designed and realized through a facile electrospinning-pyrolysis-etching strategy.The epitaxial in situ grown Ni/MnO with enriched oxygen vacancies stimulated the charge redistribution in their coupling regions,which effectively optimizes the adsorption/desorption of O-related intermediates in ORR/OER.Benefiting from the Ni/MnO heterostructure moieties and the unique two-dimensional/one-dimensional(2D/1D)superstructure of carbon support with abundantly dispersive active species,the resultant Ni/MnO@N-C NS/NFs deliver robust ORR activity and OER property(an overpotential of 306 mV to obtain 10 mA·cm^(-2))with a smaller potential gap(ΔE=0.77 V)in alkaline electrolyte.More significantly,practical zinc-air battery building with Ni/MnO@N-C NS/NFs delivers a higher open circuit voltage,excellent output power density,and prominent durability with stable charging and discharging cycle life.The present work demonstrates a crucial understanding of building advanced heterostructure electrocatalysts with enriched oxygen vacancies for metal-air batteries application.展开更多
In order to clarify the chemical properties of rainfall in typical tobacco areas in Chenzhou City, Hunan Province, and analyze its potential for soil and flue-cured tobacco planting, rainfall samples in 2020 were coll...In order to clarify the chemical properties of rainfall in typical tobacco areas in Chenzhou City, Hunan Province, and analyze its potential for soil and flue-cured tobacco planting, rainfall samples in 2020 were collected by rainfall instruments in Fangyuan Town and Aoquan Town of Guiyang County, and the chemical properties that are closely related to the quality of flue-cured tobacco were determined, such as pH, EC, total nitrogen (TN), nitrate nitrogen (), ammonium nitrogen () and ion concentrations (K<sup>+</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>, , Al<sup>3+</sup>, , Cl<sup>−</sup>,). The results show that the pH values of rainfall samples at Fangyuan and Aoquan monitoring sites are in the range of 4.92 - 6.17 and 4.93 - 5.69 respectively, with an average of 5.27 and 5.27 respectively. The acid rain characteristic is very obvious, which is mainly dominated by . The variation of rainfall EC has seasonal characteristics. EC is low from January to September, in the range of 6.09 - 56.72 and 11.83 - 30.93 μS/cm respectively, besides, it is high from October to December, in the range of 102.63 - 174.60 and 25.05 - 86.37 μS/cm respectively. The annual deposition of TN was 22.19 and 20.76 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>/yr respectively, which were higher than that in the western regions with less human disturbance, but lower than or equal to that in the developed agricultural regions in eastern China. The proportion of in the annual deposition of TN was higher than that of at two monitoring sites, with an average of 56.51% and 38.86% respectively. Ammonia volatilization from agricultural activities contributed more to rainfall nitrogen content. The ratios of ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen deposition at two monitoring points were 1.84, 1.81, 1.86 and 1.34, 1.46, and 1.29 during the whole year, summer and autumn, winter and spring respectively. The ratio is higher in summer and autumn than in winter and spring. The weighted average equivalent concentrations of the main ions at two monitoring sites were 238.88 μeq/L and 211.21 μeq/L respectively, and the orders of the ion concentrations were slightly different. Both the concentrations of and are higher, while Mg<sup>2+</sup>, and Al<sup>3+</sup> are lower. , and are mainly from human activities with a contribution rate between 91.90% and 99.35%. Ca<sup>2+</sup> mainly comes from soil and ground dust, besides, Cl<sup>−</sup> and Mg<sup>2+</sup> mainly come from marine sources and K<sup>+</sup> mainly comes from terrestrial sources. In general, the acidic rainfall and higher concentration are beneficial to reducing the high pH value of soil in Aoquan tobacco area and improving the quality of flue-cured tobacco. Higher concentrations of and in rainfall are not conducive to the improvement of flue-cured tobacco quality, because of the high content of soil available sulfur in Chenzhou tobacco area and the characteristics of flue-cured tobacco’s preference for ammonium.展开更多
BACKGROUND Post-stroke cognitive impairment(PSCI)is not only a common consequence of stroke but also an important factor for adverse prognosis of patients.Biochemical indicators such as blood lipids and blood pressure...BACKGROUND Post-stroke cognitive impairment(PSCI)is not only a common consequence of stroke but also an important factor for adverse prognosis of patients.Biochemical indicators such as blood lipids and blood pressure are affected by many factors,and the ability of evaluating the progress of patients with PSCI is insufficient.Therefore,it is necessary to find sensitive markers for predicting the progress of patients and avoiding PSCI.Recent studies have shown thatβ-amyloid protein 1-42(Aβ1-42)and thyroid hormone levels are closely related to PSCI,which may be the influencing factors of PSCI,but there are few related studies.AIM To investigate the relationship between serum levels of Aβand thyroid hormones in acute stage and PSCI and its predicted value.METHODS A total of 195 patients with acute cerebral infarction confirmed from June 2016 to January 2018 were enrolled in this study.Baseline data and serological indicators were recorded to assess cognitive function of patients.All patients were followed up for 1 year.Their cognitive functions were evaluated within 1 wk,3 mo,6 mo and 1 yr after stroke.At the end of follow-up,the patients were divided into PSCI and non-PSCI according to Montreal cognitive assessment score,and the relationship between biochemical indexes and the progression of PSCI was explored.RESULTS Compared with patients with non-PSCI,the levels of Aβ1-42,triiodothyronine(T3)and free thyroxin were lower in the patients with PSCI.Repeated measures analysis of variance showed that the overall content of Aβ1-42 and T3 in PSCI was also lower than that of the non-PSCI patients.Further analysis revealed that Aβ1-42(r=0.348),T3(r=0.273)and free thyroxin(r=0.214)were positively correlated with disease progression(P<0.05),suggesting that these indicators have the potential to predict disease progression and outcome.Cox regression analysis showed that Aβ1-42 and T3 were important factors of PSCI.Then stratified analysis showed that the lower the Aβ1-42 and T3,the higher risk of PSCI in patients who were aged over 70,female and illiterate.CONCLUSION Aβ1-42 and T3 have the ability to predict the progression of PSCI,which is expected to be applied clinically to reduce the incidence of PSCI and improve the quality of life of patients.展开更多
As a prospective visible-light-responsive photochemical material,graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))has become a burgeoning research hot topics and aroused a wide interest as a metal-free semiconductor in the area ...As a prospective visible-light-responsive photochemical material,graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))has become a burgeoning research hot topics and aroused a wide interest as a metal-free semiconductor in the area of energy utilization and conversion,environmental protection due to its unique properties,such as facile synthesis,high physicochemical stability,excellent electronic band structure,and sustainability.However,the shortcomings of high recombination rate of charge carriers,relatively low electrical conductivity and visible light absorption impede its practical application.Various strategies,such as surface photosensitization,heteroatom deposition,semiconductor hybridization,etc.,have been applied to overcome the barriers.Among all the strategies,functional nanocarbon materials with various dimensions(0D~3D)attract much attention as modifiers of g-C_(3)N_(4)due to their unique electronic properties,optical properties,and easy functionalization.More importantly,the properties of these functional nanocarbon materials can be tuned by various dimensions and thus there will be a way to overcome the defects of g-C_(3)N_(4)by choosing different dimensional carbon materials.Distinguishing from some present reviews,this review starts with the fundamental physicochemical characteristics of g-C_(3)N_(4)materials,followed by analyzing the advantages of functional nanocarbon materials modifying gC_(3)N_(4).Then,we present a systematic introduction to various dimensional carbon materials.The design philosophy of carbon/g-C_(3)N_(4)composites and the advanced studies are exemplified in detail.Finally,a nichetargeting summary and outlook on the major challenges,opportunities for future research in high-powered carbon/g-C_(3)N_(4)composites was proposed.展开更多
The frontal pole cortex(FPC)plays key roles in various higher-order functions and is highly developed in non-human primates.An essential missing piece of information is the detailed anatomical connections for finer pa...The frontal pole cortex(FPC)plays key roles in various higher-order functions and is highly developed in non-human primates.An essential missing piece of information is the detailed anatomical connections for finer parcellation of the macaque FPC than provided by the previous tracer results.This is important for understanding the functional architecture of the cerebral cortex.Here,combining cross-validation and principal component analysis,we formed a tractography-based parcellation scheme that applied a machine learning algorithm to divide the macaque FPC(2 males and 6 females)into eight subareas using high-resolution diffusion magnetic resonance imaging with the 9.4 T Bruker system,and then revealed their subregional connections.Furthermore,we applied improved hierarchical clustering to the obtained parcels to probe the modular structure of the subregions,and found that the dorsolateral FPC,which contains an extension to the medial FPC,was mainly connected to regions of the default-mode network.The ventral FPC was mainly involved in the social-interaction network and the dorsal FPC in the metacognitive network.These results enhance our understanding of the anatomy and circuitry of the macaque brain,and contribute to FPC-related clinical research.展开更多
The inter-electrode gap(IEG) is an essential parameter for the anode shaping process in electrochemical machining(ECM) and directly affects the machining accuracy. In this paper, the IEG during the leveling process of...The inter-electrode gap(IEG) is an essential parameter for the anode shaping process in electrochemical machining(ECM) and directly affects the machining accuracy. In this paper, the IEG during the leveling process of an oval anode workpiece in counter-rotating ECM(CRECM)is investigated. The variation of the minimum IEG is analyzed theoretically, and the results indicate that rather than reaching equilibrium, the minimum IEG in CRECM expands constantly when a constant feed speed is used for the cathode tool. This IEG expansion leads to a poor localization effect and has an adverse influence on the roundness of the machined workpiece. To maintain a small constant IEG in CRECM, a variable feed speed is used for the cathode based on a fitted equation. The theoretical results show that the minimum IEG can be controlled at a small value by using an accelerated feed speed. Experiments have been conducted using a specific experimental apparatus in which the cathode tool is designed as a combined structure of two sectors and a thin sheet. By detecting the machining currents flowing through the minimum IEG, how the latter varies is obtained indirectly. The results indicate that using an accelerated feed speed is effective for controlling the IEG, thereby improving the roundness of the machined workpiece.展开更多
Objective:To study the influence of targeted inhibition of Notch1 gene on the killing effects of Paclitaxel on triple-negative breast cancer cells.Methods:The triple-negative [estrogen receptor(ER)/progesterone recept...Objective:To study the influence of targeted inhibition of Notch1 gene on the killing effects of Paclitaxel on triple-negative breast cancer cells.Methods:The triple-negative [estrogen receptor(ER)/progesterone receptor(PR)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(Her2)] breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 and ER/PR/HER-2-positive breast cancer cell line MCF-7 were cultured,transfected with Notch1-si RNA-overexpression plasmid and blank plasmid,and treated with different concentrations of paclitaxel,and then the cell proliferation activity and apoptosis rate as well as the m RNA expression of Caspase-3,Caspase-9 and Bcl-2 were determined.Results:Paclitaxel could decrease the MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cell proliferation activity as well as Bcl-2 mRNA expression,and increase MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cell apoptosis rate as well as Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 mRNA expression in dosedependent manners;with the same dose of paclitaxel treatment,the inhibitory effects on MDAMB-231 cell proliferation activity and Bcl-2 m RNA expression as well as the promoting effects on MDA-MB-231 cell apoptosis and mR NA expression of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 were weaker than those on MCF-7 cell;after 0.5 μM paclitaxel combined with Notch1-siRNA treatment,MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation activity and Bcl-2 mRNA expression were significantly lower than those after 0.5 μM paclitaxel combined with control plasmid treatment while cell apoptosis rate and mR NA expression of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 were higher than those after 0.5 μM paclitaxel combined with control plasmid treatment.Conclusions:Targeted inhibition of Notch1 gene may enhance the killing effects of paclitaxel on triple-negative breast cancer cells by up-regulating the expression of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 and inhibiting the expression of Bcl-2.展开更多
In this paper, we review the current state- of-the-art techniques used for understanding the inner workings of the brain at a systems level. The neural activity that governs our everyday lives involves an intricate co...In this paper, we review the current state- of-the-art techniques used for understanding the inner workings of the brain at a systems level. The neural activity that governs our everyday lives involves an intricate coordination of many processes that can be attributed to a variety of brain regions. On the surface, many of these functions can appear to be controlled by specific anatomical structures; however, in reality, numerous dynamic networks within the brain contribute to its function through an interconnected web of neuronal and synaptic pathways. The brain, in its healthy or pathological state, can therefore be best understood by taking a systems-level approach. While numerous neuroengineering technologies exist, we focus here on three major thrusts in the field of systems neuroengineering： neuroimaging, neural interfacing, and neuromodulation. Neuroimaging enables us to delineate the structural and functional organization of the brain, which is key in understanding how the neural system functions in both normal and disease states. Based on such knowledge, devices can be used either to communicate with the neural system, as in neural interface systems, or to modulate brain activity, as in neuromodulation systems. The consideration of these three fields is key to the development and application of neuro-devices. Feedback-based neuro-devices require the ability to sense neural activity （via a neuroimaging modality） through a neural interface （invasive or noninvasive） and ultimately to select a set of stimulation parameters in order to alter neural function via a neuromodulation modality. Systems neuroengineering refers to the use of engineering tools and technologies to image, decode, and modulate the brain in order to comprehend its functions and to repair its dysfunction. Interactions between these fields will help to shape the future of systems neuroengineering--to develop neurotechniques for enhancing the understanding of whole- brain function and dysfunction, and the management of neurological and mental disorders.展开更多
Differences in seed germination and seedling growth among populations of Pinus yunnanensis Franch. were quantified to provide information for use in the regeneration, reforestation, and improvement of this species. Se...Differences in seed germination and seedling growth among populations of Pinus yunnanensis Franch. were quantified to provide information for use in the regeneration, reforestation, and improvement of this species. Seed germination and seedling growth traits at the nursery stage were investigated at the population level. We evaluated relationships between pairs of measured traits as well as the association between measured traits and geo- climatic variables including longitude, latitude, elevation, temperature and precipitation. Seedling growth showed significant differences although a low magnitude of variation was found in the seed germination traits among the populations. Some populations with strong and stable growth （e.g., the Baoshan population） may be selected as superior seed sources for regeneration and reforestation. Germination percentage was negatively correlated with elevation, and positively with precipitation. In addition, germination index, vigor index and seedling height were positively correlated with precipitation. Seed germination index, cotyledon number and length, and seedling diameter were significantly and positively correlated with seed weight. Strong correlations between pairs of traits will be helpful in early evaluations for the selection of certain prominent traits.展开更多
Background:Transzonal projections(TZPs)constitute a structural basis for the communication between the oocyte and its surrounding cumulus cells(CCs),which play critical roles in promoting the oocyte maturation.Previou...Background:Transzonal projections(TZPs)constitute a structural basis for the communication between the oocyte and its surrounding cumulus cells(CCs),which play critical roles in promoting the oocyte maturation.Previously we found that heat stress(HS)causes loss of TZPs in porcine cumulus-oocyte complexes(COCs)with decreased density of filamentous actin(F-actin).However,the time-course responses of F-actin and its monomeric actins(β-actin andγ-actin)during the in vitro maturation of oocytes remain unclear.Results:In this study,excised porcine ovaries were exposed to HS at 41.5°C for 1 h before COCs were isolated and matured in vitro for 44 h.HS significantly reduced oocyte quality,characterized by impaired cumulus expansion,delayed meiotic resumption and lower survival rate and polar body extrusion rate,as well as decreased expression of mitochondrial DNA-encoded genes and elevated mitochondrial reactive oxygen species concentration.Expression ofβ-actin andγ-actin in CCs increased gradually with oocytes maturation,which was significantly reduced in HS group,especially at 24 h and/or 44 h of in vitro maturation.By contrast,the number of TZPs and the fluorescence intensity of F-actin in zona pellucida decreased gradually during oocytes maturation,which were significantly reduced by HS at 24 h of in vitro maturation.Moreover,colocalization analyses revealed bothβ-actin andγ-actin contribute to the F-actin formation in porcine TZPs,and the colocalization of F-actin with GJ protein connexin 45 was significantly reduced in heat-exposed COCs.Conclusions:The results indicate that the suppression of actin expressions in CCs,which may lead to the F-actin unstabilization in TZPs,will subsequently contribute to the compromised quality of oocytes under HS.展开更多
Chitin is a widely used important industrial polymer mainly from shrimp shells, but its commercial preparation is under the great challenge of serious pollution due to the requirement of HCl and Na OH.Herein, we demon...Chitin is a widely used important industrial polymer mainly from shrimp shells, but its commercial preparation is under the great challenge of serious pollution due to the requirement of HCl and Na OH.Herein, we demonstrated that high purity chitin can be obtained from waste shrimp shells(WSSs) by cascade separation with transition metal salt aqueous solution and ionic liquid(IL). Firstly, calcium carbonate of WSSs was effectively removed in the metal salt aqueous solution driven by the ion exchange interaction. Subsequently, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride([Bmim]Cl) had bifunctional abilities to remove residual protein and introduced metal salts simultaneously by hydrogen bonding and coordination interactions. The key experimental factors affecting the separation process were systematically studied, including the type of metal salts, temperature, and [Bmim]Cl loading. After sequential treatment with a 20%(mass) Ni SO4aqueous solution at 130 ℃ and [Bmim]Cl at 150 ℃, the purity of a-chitin can be up to 96.5%(mass) that meets commercial requirements. The use of metal salts with higher coordination ability makes the preparation of chitin no longer depend on the commonly acid-base reaction, which is conducive to the preservation of chitin structure.展开更多
X-linked congenital adrenal hypoplasia is characterised by the acute onset of primary adrenal insufficiency in infancy or early childhood and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism(HH)at puberty,arising from mutations of the n...X-linked congenital adrenal hypoplasia is characterised by the acute onset of primary adrenal insufficiency in infancy or early childhood and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism(HH)at puberty,arising from mutations of the nuclear receptor subfamily 0 group B member 1(NR0B1)gene.This study investigated an extended family with two affected males(patient A:23 years and patient B:2 months old)and three carrier females.Sequencing analysis of the NR0B1 gene coding region from the family revealed a novel hemizygous deletion[c.604delT;p.(C202Afs*62)]in the two male patients.Furthermore,the patients'respective mothers and their common grandmother had this heterozygous mutation,but it was not present in the Human Gene Mutation Database.The two male patients showed inconsistent clinical features at onset,particularly in early childhood;however,it is possible that the younger patient will eventually show a delay of puberty,feminisation,and nonspermatogenesis in adulthood,similar to that in the older patient.Identification of a novel NR0BI mutation in this family is important for the diagnosis and genetic counselling of children with primary adrenal insufficiency and HH,and will be helpful for predicting long-term clinical symptoms.展开更多
Acute fatty liver of pregnancy(AFLP)is an idiopathic disease with acute and critical onset.Although the incidence of AFLP is relatively low,its mortality remains high.When AFLP is complicated with multi-organ dysfunct...Acute fatty liver of pregnancy(AFLP)is an idiopathic disease with acute and critical onset.Although the incidence of AFLP is relatively low,its mortality remains high.When AFLP is complicated with multi-organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS)and severe infection,especially hematogenous infection caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens,treatment becomes extremely difficult with an even lower survival rate.In the present work,we reported a 31-year-old primipara woman who developed AFLP complicated with MODS and severe infection at 37+5 weeks of gestation and received treatment in our hospital.The result of fast blood culture was positive for carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumonia(CRKP).Based on this finding in combination with the results of drug sensitivity test,the quadruple regime using scheme imipenem cilastatin sodium,tigecycline,polymyxin and fosfomycin was implemented,and the patient was successfully cured.Successful treatment of pregnant women with AFLP complicated with MODS and/or hematogenous infection of CRKP can be achieved by using individualized combined antibiotic therapies on the basis of fast blood culture and combined drug sensitivity test.In this case,the patient was in a critical situation.In the treatment process,clinicians,clinical pharmacists and microbiologists should cooperate with each other and discuss the treatment plan together according to the pathophysiological characteristics of the patient,which was one of the key factors for successful treatment of the patient.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12304077)the Natural Science Foundation of Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province(No.23NSFSC6224)+3 种基金Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2024NSFSC0989)the Key Laboratory of Computational Physics of Sichuan Province(No.YBUJSWL-YB-2022-03)the Material Corrosion and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province(No.2023CL14 and No.2023CL01)the National Innovation Practice Project(No.202411079005S).
文摘Oxygen release and electrolyte decomposition under high voltage endlessly exacerbate interfacial ramifications and structu ral degradation of high energy-density Li-rich layered oxide(LLO),leading to voltage and capacity fading.Herein,the dual-strategy of Cr,B complex coating and local gradient doping is simultaneously achieved on LLO surface by a one-step wet chemical reaction at room temperature.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations prove that stable B-O and Cr-O bonds through the local gradient doping can significantly reduce the high-energy O 2p states of interfacial lattice O,which is also effective for the near-surface lattice O,thus greatly stabilizing the LLO surface,Besides,differential electrochemical mass spectrometry(DEMS)indicates that the Cr_(x)B complex coating can adequately inhibit oxygen release and prevents the migration or dissolution of transition metal ions,including allowing speedy Li^(+)migration,The voltage and capacity fading of the modified cathode(LLO-C_(r)B)are adequately suppressed,which are benefited from the uniformly dense cathode electrolyte interface(CEI)composed of balanced organic/inorganic composition.Therefore,the specific capacity of LLO-CrB after 200 cycles at 1C is 209.3 mA h g^(-1)(with a retention rate of 95.1%).This dual-strategy through a one-step wet chemical reaction is expected to be applied in the design and development of other anionic redox cathode materials.
基金Dean's Office Howard University College of Medicine,Grant/Award Number:Bridge Fund/Pilot Study AwardNational Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities,Grant/Award Number:RCMI/IDC Award U54MD007597National Institute of Child Health and Human Development,Grant/Award Number:R03HD095417 and R16HD116702。
文摘Background:How AMP activated protein kinase(AMPK)signaling regulates mito-chondrial functions and mitophagy in human trophoblast cells remains unclear.This study was designed to investigate potential players mediating the regulation of AMPK on mitochondrial functions and mitophagy by next generation RNA-seq.Methods:We compared ATP production in protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1/2(PRKAA1/2)knockdown(AKD)and control BeWo cells using the Seahorse real-time ATP rate test,then analyzed gene expression profiling by RNA-seq.Differentially expressed genes(DEG)were examined by Gene Ontology(GO)analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment.Then protein-protein interactions(PPI)among mitochondria related genes were fur-ther analyzed using Metascape and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis(IPA)software.Results:Both mitochondrial and glycolytic ATP production in AKD cells were lower than in the control BeWo cells(CT),with a greater reduction of mitochondrial ATP production.A total of 1092 DEGs were identified,with 405 upregulated and 687 downregulated.GO analysis identified 60 genes associated with the term‘mitochon-drion’in the cellular component domain.PPI analysis identified three clusters of mito-chondria related genes,including aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10 and B15(AKR1B10,AKR1B15),alanyl-tRNA synthetase 1(AARS1),mitochondrial ribosomal protein S6(MRPS6),mitochondrial calcium uniporter dominant negative subunit beta(MCUB)and dihydrolipoamide branched chain transacylase E2(DBT).Conclusions:In summary,this study identified multiple mitochondria related genes regulated by AMPK in BeWo cells,and among them,three clusters of genes may po-tentially contribute to altered mitochondrial functions in response to reduced AMPK signaling.
文摘Energy is essential for human existence,and its high consumption is a growing concern in today’s technologydriven society.Global initiatives aim to reduce energy consumption and pollution by developing and deploying energy-efficient sensing technologies for long-term monitoring,control,automation,security,and interactions.Wireless Body Area Networks(WBANs)benfit a lot from the continuous monitoring capabilities of these sensing devices,which include medical sensors worn on or implanted in the human body for healthcare monitoring.Despite significant advancements,achieving energy efficiency in WBANs remains a significant challenge.A deep understanding of the WBAN architecture is essential to identify the causes of its energy inefficiency and develop novel energy-efficient solutions.We investigate energy efficiency issues specific to WBANs.We discuss the transformative impact that artficial intelligence and Machine Learning(ML)can have on achieving the energy efficiency of WBANs.Additionally,we explore the potential of emerging technologies such as quantum computing,nano-technology,biocompatible energy harvesting,and Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer(SWIPT)in enabling energy efficiency in WBANs.We focus on WBANs’architecture,hardware,and software components to identify key factors responsible for energy consumption in the WBAN environment.Based on our comprehensive review,we introduce an innovative,energy-efficient three-tier architecture for WBANs that employs ML and edge computing to overcome the limitations inherent in existing energy-efficient solutions.Finally,we summarize the lessons learned and highlight future research directions that will enable the development of energy-efficient solutions for WBANs.
基金supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2022A1515010875)National Natural Science Foundation of China (12404480)+4 种基金Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (JCYJ20240813113238050, JCYJ20240813113306008)Education Department of Guangdong Province (2021KCXTD045)National Natural Science Foundation of China (12274303)the Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Applied Technologies of Super-Diamond and Functional Crystals (ZDSYS20230626091303007)Characteristic Innovation Foundation of Higher Education Institutions of Guangdong Province (2022KTSCX116)
文摘Sequential processing(SqP)of the active layer offers independent optimization of the donor and acceptor with more targeted solvent design,which is considered the most promising strategy for achieving efficient organic solar cells(OSCs).In the SqP method,the favorable interpenetrating network seriously depends on the fine control of the bottom layer swelling.However,the choice of solvent(s)for both the donor and acceptor have been mostly based on a trial-and-error manner.A single solvent often cannot achieve sufficient yet not excessive swelling,which has long been a difficulty in the high efficient SqP OSCs.Herein,two new isomeric molecules are introduced to fine-tune the nucleation and crystallization dynamics that allows judicious control over the swelling of the bottom layer.The strong non-covalent interaction between the isomeric molecule and active materials provides an excellent driving force for optimize the swelling-process.Among them,the molecule with high dipole moment promotes earlier nucleation of the PM6 and provides extended time for crystallization during SqP,improving bulk morphology and vertical phase segregation.As a result,champion efficiencies of 17.38%and 20.00%(certified 19.70%)are achieved based on PM6/PYF-T-o(all-polymer)and PM6/BTP-eC9 devices casted by toluene solvent.
基金supported by National Natural Science Fund for Excellent Young Scholars(22222813)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22078338)+2 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFA1506803)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(GZC20232700)the“Special Research Assistant Project”of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘Nanostructured ceria has attracted much attention in the field of redox catalysts due to the numerous active sites with excellent redox ability.Based on the acidic medium etching strategy,we constructed the strong binding centers(hydroxyl sites and strong acid sites)on the surfaces of nanostructured ceria,which regulate the adsorption process of KA-Oil(the mixture of cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone)and to promote high KA-Oil selectivity in cyclohexane oxidation.The three CeO_(2)(nanocube,nanorod and nanopolyhedron)with different exposed crystal planes were treated by acid etching to change the surface sites and catalytic properties.The transition behavior of surface sites during etching was revealed,abundant strong binding centers were proved to be constructed successfully.And especially for the nanorod treated by acid(Acid@CeO_(2)-NR)with the strongest response for sulfuric acid etching,the strong adsorption of cyclohexanone by strong binding centers was confirmed based on the in-situ DRIFTs.The sulfuric acid etching strategy to enhance the selective oxidation of cyclohexane based on the construction of strong binding centers was proved to be feasible and effective,Acid@CeO_(2)-NR with strongest etching response achieved the dramatic promotion of KA-Oil selectivity from 64.1%to 92.3%.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.92266201).
文摘Underwater launch is a transient vibration process under the impact load.The hydrodynamic calculation is an important part of equipment research.In this paper,firstly,combining the theory of the Euler-Bernoulli beam and the potential flow,the transfer equation of the Euler-Bernoulli beam considering the hydroelastic effect is derived,which expands the application scope of the transfer matrix.The correctness of the transfer matrix for the beam with hydroelastic behaviors is verified by comparison with the results of the finite element analysis.Then the dynamics model of the underwater launch system is established based on the multibody system transfer matrix method,and the beam with hydroelastic behaviors is employed as the external vehicle.Subsequently,the overall transfer and dynamic equation are derived,resulting in the solution of the wet natural frequency and the dynamic response under the impact load.The comparison with experimental data validates the dynamics model and simulation results and ensures its reliability in practical applications.The dynamic of the system demonstrates that the launching interval and adjacent tube effect will exert an influence on the subsequent emission.This research provides a fast and efficient method for the dynamic calculation of the underwater launch system.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFB4602401)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52475294,52075071)+1 种基金the State Key Laboratory of High-performance Precision Manufacturing(ZY202404)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(DUT24YG133).
文摘Marine biofouling is the undesired attachment and formation of marine organisms on surfaces,which adversely affects ship maintenance,economic costs,and ecosystem health.Despite remarkable advancements in antifouling coatings,developing formulations that simultaneously achieve environmental benign and high antifouling performances remains a critical challenge.Herein,drawing inspiration from the natural antifouling mechanisms including the superhydrophobicity of lotus leaves and biochemical defense of coral mucus,we developed a Superhydrophobic Antifouling Coating(SHAC)incorporating coral mucus-derived agents.This biomimetic design synergistically integrates physical anti-adhesion of superhydrophobic surfaces with chemical repellency of antifouling agents,yielding outstanding antifouling performance.The SHAC demonstrates remarkable durability(withstanding 100 abrasion cycles),sustained superhydrophobicity(contact angle>150°),and outstanding antifouling efficacy(92%bacterial and 96%algal inhibition).Marine field tests demonstrate significant reduction in fouling organism attachment over 30 days.Our work presents an eco-friendly and high-performance solution to marine biofouling,bridging the gap between sustainability and effectiveness in antifouling technology.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22302096)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(Nos.23KJB150039 and 24KJB150026)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.LQ24E040002)the Natural Science Foundation of Huzhou City(No.2023YZ18).
文摘Rational developing high-performance and economically efficient dual-functional oxygen electrocatalysts to drive the lumberly reactivity rates of oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)in Zn-air batteries is highly attractive,yet remains conceptually challenging.Herein,Ni/MnO heterostructure nanosheets and nanoparticles firmly anchored onto the N-doped carbon nanofibers(noted as Ni/MnO@N-C NS/NFs)for efficient bifunctional ORR/OER electrocatalysis are designed and realized through a facile electrospinning-pyrolysis-etching strategy.The epitaxial in situ grown Ni/MnO with enriched oxygen vacancies stimulated the charge redistribution in their coupling regions,which effectively optimizes the adsorption/desorption of O-related intermediates in ORR/OER.Benefiting from the Ni/MnO heterostructure moieties and the unique two-dimensional/one-dimensional(2D/1D)superstructure of carbon support with abundantly dispersive active species,the resultant Ni/MnO@N-C NS/NFs deliver robust ORR activity and OER property(an overpotential of 306 mV to obtain 10 mA·cm^(-2))with a smaller potential gap(ΔE=0.77 V)in alkaline electrolyte.More significantly,practical zinc-air battery building with Ni/MnO@N-C NS/NFs delivers a higher open circuit voltage,excellent output power density,and prominent durability with stable charging and discharging cycle life.The present work demonstrates a crucial understanding of building advanced heterostructure electrocatalysts with enriched oxygen vacancies for metal-air batteries application.
文摘In order to clarify the chemical properties of rainfall in typical tobacco areas in Chenzhou City, Hunan Province, and analyze its potential for soil and flue-cured tobacco planting, rainfall samples in 2020 were collected by rainfall instruments in Fangyuan Town and Aoquan Town of Guiyang County, and the chemical properties that are closely related to the quality of flue-cured tobacco were determined, such as pH, EC, total nitrogen (TN), nitrate nitrogen (), ammonium nitrogen () and ion concentrations (K<sup>+</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>, , Al<sup>3+</sup>, , Cl<sup>−</sup>,). The results show that the pH values of rainfall samples at Fangyuan and Aoquan monitoring sites are in the range of 4.92 - 6.17 and 4.93 - 5.69 respectively, with an average of 5.27 and 5.27 respectively. The acid rain characteristic is very obvious, which is mainly dominated by . The variation of rainfall EC has seasonal characteristics. EC is low from January to September, in the range of 6.09 - 56.72 and 11.83 - 30.93 μS/cm respectively, besides, it is high from October to December, in the range of 102.63 - 174.60 and 25.05 - 86.37 μS/cm respectively. The annual deposition of TN was 22.19 and 20.76 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>/yr respectively, which were higher than that in the western regions with less human disturbance, but lower than or equal to that in the developed agricultural regions in eastern China. The proportion of in the annual deposition of TN was higher than that of at two monitoring sites, with an average of 56.51% and 38.86% respectively. Ammonia volatilization from agricultural activities contributed more to rainfall nitrogen content. The ratios of ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen deposition at two monitoring points were 1.84, 1.81, 1.86 and 1.34, 1.46, and 1.29 during the whole year, summer and autumn, winter and spring respectively. The ratio is higher in summer and autumn than in winter and spring. The weighted average equivalent concentrations of the main ions at two monitoring sites were 238.88 μeq/L and 211.21 μeq/L respectively, and the orders of the ion concentrations were slightly different. Both the concentrations of and are higher, while Mg<sup>2+</sup>, and Al<sup>3+</sup> are lower. , and are mainly from human activities with a contribution rate between 91.90% and 99.35%. Ca<sup>2+</sup> mainly comes from soil and ground dust, besides, Cl<sup>−</sup> and Mg<sup>2+</sup> mainly come from marine sources and K<sup>+</sup> mainly comes from terrestrial sources. In general, the acidic rainfall and higher concentration are beneficial to reducing the high pH value of soil in Aoquan tobacco area and improving the quality of flue-cured tobacco. Higher concentrations of and in rainfall are not conducive to the improvement of flue-cured tobacco quality, because of the high content of soil available sulfur in Chenzhou tobacco area and the characteristics of flue-cured tobacco’s preference for ammonium.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Support Projects in Biomedicine Field of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission,No.19441907500Naval Medical University Military Medical Innovation,No.2017JS07Science and Technology Action Innovation Program by Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai,No.17411950104
文摘BACKGROUND Post-stroke cognitive impairment(PSCI)is not only a common consequence of stroke but also an important factor for adverse prognosis of patients.Biochemical indicators such as blood lipids and blood pressure are affected by many factors,and the ability of evaluating the progress of patients with PSCI is insufficient.Therefore,it is necessary to find sensitive markers for predicting the progress of patients and avoiding PSCI.Recent studies have shown thatβ-amyloid protein 1-42(Aβ1-42)and thyroid hormone levels are closely related to PSCI,which may be the influencing factors of PSCI,but there are few related studies.AIM To investigate the relationship between serum levels of Aβand thyroid hormones in acute stage and PSCI and its predicted value.METHODS A total of 195 patients with acute cerebral infarction confirmed from June 2016 to January 2018 were enrolled in this study.Baseline data and serological indicators were recorded to assess cognitive function of patients.All patients were followed up for 1 year.Their cognitive functions were evaluated within 1 wk,3 mo,6 mo and 1 yr after stroke.At the end of follow-up,the patients were divided into PSCI and non-PSCI according to Montreal cognitive assessment score,and the relationship between biochemical indexes and the progression of PSCI was explored.RESULTS Compared with patients with non-PSCI,the levels of Aβ1-42,triiodothyronine(T3)and free thyroxin were lower in the patients with PSCI.Repeated measures analysis of variance showed that the overall content of Aβ1-42 and T3 in PSCI was also lower than that of the non-PSCI patients.Further analysis revealed that Aβ1-42(r=0.348),T3(r=0.273)and free thyroxin(r=0.214)were positively correlated with disease progression(P<0.05),suggesting that these indicators have the potential to predict disease progression and outcome.Cox regression analysis showed that Aβ1-42 and T3 were important factors of PSCI.Then stratified analysis showed that the lower the Aβ1-42 and T3,the higher risk of PSCI in patients who were aged over 70,female and illiterate.CONCLUSION Aβ1-42 and T3 have the ability to predict the progression of PSCI,which is expected to be applied clinically to reduce the incidence of PSCI and improve the quality of life of patients.
基金supported by the Startup Foundation of China(3160011181808)。
文摘As a prospective visible-light-responsive photochemical material,graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))has become a burgeoning research hot topics and aroused a wide interest as a metal-free semiconductor in the area of energy utilization and conversion,environmental protection due to its unique properties,such as facile synthesis,high physicochemical stability,excellent electronic band structure,and sustainability.However,the shortcomings of high recombination rate of charge carriers,relatively low electrical conductivity and visible light absorption impede its practical application.Various strategies,such as surface photosensitization,heteroatom deposition,semiconductor hybridization,etc.,have been applied to overcome the barriers.Among all the strategies,functional nanocarbon materials with various dimensions(0D~3D)attract much attention as modifiers of g-C_(3)N_(4)due to their unique electronic properties,optical properties,and easy functionalization.More importantly,the properties of these functional nanocarbon materials can be tuned by various dimensions and thus there will be a way to overcome the defects of g-C_(3)N_(4)by choosing different dimensional carbon materials.Distinguishing from some present reviews,this review starts with the fundamental physicochemical characteristics of g-C_(3)N_(4)materials,followed by analyzing the advantages of functional nanocarbon materials modifying gC_(3)N_(4).Then,we present a systematic introduction to various dimensional carbon materials.The design philosophy of carbon/g-C_(3)N_(4)composites and the advanced studies are exemplified in detail.Finally,a nichetargeting summary and outlook on the major challenges,opportunities for future research in high-powered carbon/g-C_(3)N_(4)composites was proposed.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91432302 and 31620103905)the Science Frontier Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(QYZDJ-SSW-SMC019)+3 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFA0105203)Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission(Z161100000216152,Z161100000216139,Z181100001518004and Z171100000117002)the Beijing Brain Initiative of Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission(Z181100001518004)the Guangdong Pearl River Talents Plan(2016ZT06S220)。
文摘The frontal pole cortex(FPC)plays key roles in various higher-order functions and is highly developed in non-human primates.An essential missing piece of information is the detailed anatomical connections for finer parcellation of the macaque FPC than provided by the previous tracer results.This is important for understanding the functional architecture of the cerebral cortex.Here,combining cross-validation and principal component analysis,we formed a tractography-based parcellation scheme that applied a machine learning algorithm to divide the macaque FPC(2 males and 6 females)into eight subareas using high-resolution diffusion magnetic resonance imaging with the 9.4 T Bruker system,and then revealed their subregional connections.Furthermore,we applied improved hierarchical clustering to the obtained parcels to probe the modular structure of the subregions,and found that the dorsolateral FPC,which contains an extension to the medial FPC,was mainly connected to regions of the default-mode network.The ventral FPC was mainly involved in the social-interaction network and the dorsal FPC in the metacognitive network.These results enhance our understanding of the anatomy and circuitry of the macaque brain,and contribute to FPC-related clinical research.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51535006, 51805259)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China (BK20180431)+2 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (3082018NP2018406)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST of ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Precision and Micro-Manufacturing Technology of China
文摘The inter-electrode gap(IEG) is an essential parameter for the anode shaping process in electrochemical machining(ECM) and directly affects the machining accuracy. In this paper, the IEG during the leveling process of an oval anode workpiece in counter-rotating ECM(CRECM)is investigated. The variation of the minimum IEG is analyzed theoretically, and the results indicate that rather than reaching equilibrium, the minimum IEG in CRECM expands constantly when a constant feed speed is used for the cathode tool. This IEG expansion leads to a poor localization effect and has an adverse influence on the roundness of the machined workpiece. To maintain a small constant IEG in CRECM, a variable feed speed is used for the cathode based on a fitted equation. The theoretical results show that the minimum IEG can be controlled at a small value by using an accelerated feed speed. Experiments have been conducted using a specific experimental apparatus in which the cathode tool is designed as a combined structure of two sectors and a thin sheet. By detecting the machining currents flowing through the minimum IEG, how the latter varies is obtained indirectly. The results indicate that using an accelerated feed speed is effective for controlling the IEG, thereby improving the roundness of the machined workpiece.
基金funded by General Project of Department of Education,Anhui Province(Grant No.KJ2015B016by)the Special Scientific Research Fund of Public Welfare Profession by National Health and Family Planning Commission of the PRC(Grant No.201402003)
文摘Objective:To study the influence of targeted inhibition of Notch1 gene on the killing effects of Paclitaxel on triple-negative breast cancer cells.Methods:The triple-negative [estrogen receptor(ER)/progesterone receptor(PR)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(Her2)] breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 and ER/PR/HER-2-positive breast cancer cell line MCF-7 were cultured,transfected with Notch1-si RNA-overexpression plasmid and blank plasmid,and treated with different concentrations of paclitaxel,and then the cell proliferation activity and apoptosis rate as well as the m RNA expression of Caspase-3,Caspase-9 and Bcl-2 were determined.Results:Paclitaxel could decrease the MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cell proliferation activity as well as Bcl-2 mRNA expression,and increase MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cell apoptosis rate as well as Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 mRNA expression in dosedependent manners;with the same dose of paclitaxel treatment,the inhibitory effects on MDAMB-231 cell proliferation activity and Bcl-2 m RNA expression as well as the promoting effects on MDA-MB-231 cell apoptosis and mR NA expression of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 were weaker than those on MCF-7 cell;after 0.5 μM paclitaxel combined with Notch1-siRNA treatment,MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation activity and Bcl-2 mRNA expression were significantly lower than those after 0.5 μM paclitaxel combined with control plasmid treatment while cell apoptosis rate and mR NA expression of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 were higher than those after 0.5 μM paclitaxel combined with control plasmid treatment.Conclusions:Targeted inhibition of Notch1 gene may enhance the killing effects of paclitaxel on triple-negative breast cancer cells by up-regulating the expression of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 and inhibiting the expression of Bcl-2.
基金supported in part by the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) (EB006433, EY023101, EB008389,and HL117664)the US National Science Foundation (NSF) (CBET1450956, CBET-1264782, and DGE-1069104),to Bin He
文摘In this paper, we review the current state- of-the-art techniques used for understanding the inner workings of the brain at a systems level. The neural activity that governs our everyday lives involves an intricate coordination of many processes that can be attributed to a variety of brain regions. On the surface, many of these functions can appear to be controlled by specific anatomical structures; however, in reality, numerous dynamic networks within the brain contribute to its function through an interconnected web of neuronal and synaptic pathways. The brain, in its healthy or pathological state, can therefore be best understood by taking a systems-level approach. While numerous neuroengineering technologies exist, we focus here on three major thrusts in the field of systems neuroengineering： neuroimaging, neural interfacing, and neuromodulation. Neuroimaging enables us to delineate the structural and functional organization of the brain, which is key in understanding how the neural system functions in both normal and disease states. Based on such knowledge, devices can be used either to communicate with the neural system, as in neural interface systems, or to modulate brain activity, as in neuromodulation systems. The consideration of these three fields is key to the development and application of neuro-devices. Feedback-based neuro-devices require the ability to sense neural activity （via a neuroimaging modality） through a neural interface （invasive or noninvasive） and ultimately to select a set of stimulation parameters in order to alter neural function via a neuromodulation modality. Systems neuroengineering refers to the use of engineering tools and technologies to image, decode, and modulate the brain in order to comprehend its functions and to repair its dysfunction. Interactions between these fields will help to shape the future of systems neuroengineering--to develop neurotechniques for enhancing the understanding of whole- brain function and dysfunction, and the management of neurological and mental disorders.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC 31360189 and NSFC 31070591)
文摘Differences in seed germination and seedling growth among populations of Pinus yunnanensis Franch. were quantified to provide information for use in the regeneration, reforestation, and improvement of this species. Seed germination and seedling growth traits at the nursery stage were investigated at the population level. We evaluated relationships between pairs of measured traits as well as the association between measured traits and geo- climatic variables including longitude, latitude, elevation, temperature and precipitation. Seedling growth showed significant differences although a low magnitude of variation was found in the seed germination traits among the populations. Some populations with strong and stable growth （e.g., the Baoshan population） may be selected as superior seed sources for regeneration and reforestation. Germination percentage was negatively correlated with elevation, and positively with precipitation. In addition, germination index, vigor index and seedling height were positively correlated with precipitation. Seed germination index, cotyledon number and length, and seedling diameter were significantly and positively correlated with seed weight. Strong correlations between pairs of traits will be helpful in early evaluations for the selection of certain prominent traits.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant number 2016YFD0500502)the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant number 2014CB138502)+1 种基金the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutionsand the Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing,Quality and Safety Control.
文摘Background:Transzonal projections(TZPs)constitute a structural basis for the communication between the oocyte and its surrounding cumulus cells(CCs),which play critical roles in promoting the oocyte maturation.Previously we found that heat stress(HS)causes loss of TZPs in porcine cumulus-oocyte complexes(COCs)with decreased density of filamentous actin(F-actin).However,the time-course responses of F-actin and its monomeric actins(β-actin andγ-actin)during the in vitro maturation of oocytes remain unclear.Results:In this study,excised porcine ovaries were exposed to HS at 41.5°C for 1 h before COCs were isolated and matured in vitro for 44 h.HS significantly reduced oocyte quality,characterized by impaired cumulus expansion,delayed meiotic resumption and lower survival rate and polar body extrusion rate,as well as decreased expression of mitochondrial DNA-encoded genes and elevated mitochondrial reactive oxygen species concentration.Expression ofβ-actin andγ-actin in CCs increased gradually with oocytes maturation,which was significantly reduced in HS group,especially at 24 h and/or 44 h of in vitro maturation.By contrast,the number of TZPs and the fluorescence intensity of F-actin in zona pellucida decreased gradually during oocytes maturation,which were significantly reduced by HS at 24 h of in vitro maturation.Moreover,colocalization analyses revealed bothβ-actin andγ-actin contribute to the F-actin formation in porcine TZPs,and the colocalization of F-actin with GJ protein connexin 45 was significantly reduced in heat-exposed COCs.Conclusions:The results indicate that the suppression of actin expressions in CCs,which may lead to the F-actin unstabilization in TZPs,will subsequently contribute to the compromised quality of oocytes under HS.
基金support of the Startup Foundation of China(3160011181808)the National Natural Scientific Foundation of China(21878292,81673400)K.C.Wong Education Foundation(GJTD-2018-04).
文摘Chitin is a widely used important industrial polymer mainly from shrimp shells, but its commercial preparation is under the great challenge of serious pollution due to the requirement of HCl and Na OH.Herein, we demonstrated that high purity chitin can be obtained from waste shrimp shells(WSSs) by cascade separation with transition metal salt aqueous solution and ionic liquid(IL). Firstly, calcium carbonate of WSSs was effectively removed in the metal salt aqueous solution driven by the ion exchange interaction. Subsequently, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride([Bmim]Cl) had bifunctional abilities to remove residual protein and introduced metal salts simultaneously by hydrogen bonding and coordination interactions. The key experimental factors affecting the separation process were systematically studied, including the type of metal salts, temperature, and [Bmim]Cl loading. After sequential treatment with a 20%(mass) Ni SO4aqueous solution at 130 ℃ and [Bmim]Cl at 150 ℃, the purity of a-chitin can be up to 96.5%(mass) that meets commercial requirements. The use of metal salts with higher coordination ability makes the preparation of chitin no longer depend on the commonly acid-base reaction, which is conducive to the preservation of chitin structure.
基金the Jin Lei Pediatric Endocrinology Growth Research Fund for Young Physicians(No.PEGRF201607001).
文摘X-linked congenital adrenal hypoplasia is characterised by the acute onset of primary adrenal insufficiency in infancy or early childhood and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism(HH)at puberty,arising from mutations of the nuclear receptor subfamily 0 group B member 1(NR0B1)gene.This study investigated an extended family with two affected males(patient A:23 years and patient B:2 months old)and three carrier females.Sequencing analysis of the NR0B1 gene coding region from the family revealed a novel hemizygous deletion[c.604delT;p.(C202Afs*62)]in the two male patients.Furthermore,the patients'respective mothers and their common grandmother had this heterozygous mutation,but it was not present in the Human Gene Mutation Database.The two male patients showed inconsistent clinical features at onset,particularly in early childhood;however,it is possible that the younger patient will eventually show a delay of puberty,feminisation,and nonspermatogenesis in adulthood,similar to that in the older patient.Identification of a novel NR0BI mutation in this family is important for the diagnosis and genetic counselling of children with primary adrenal insufficiency and HH,and will be helpful for predicting long-term clinical symptoms.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81470390)Shanghai Municipal Education Commission-Gaofeng Clinical Medicine Grant Support(Grant No.20152218)+1 种基金Shanghai Sailing Program(Grant No.19YF1431700)Clinical Trial of Xinhua Hospital(Grant No.15LC11)。
文摘Acute fatty liver of pregnancy(AFLP)is an idiopathic disease with acute and critical onset.Although the incidence of AFLP is relatively low,its mortality remains high.When AFLP is complicated with multi-organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS)and severe infection,especially hematogenous infection caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens,treatment becomes extremely difficult with an even lower survival rate.In the present work,we reported a 31-year-old primipara woman who developed AFLP complicated with MODS and severe infection at 37+5 weeks of gestation and received treatment in our hospital.The result of fast blood culture was positive for carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumonia(CRKP).Based on this finding in combination with the results of drug sensitivity test,the quadruple regime using scheme imipenem cilastatin sodium,tigecycline,polymyxin and fosfomycin was implemented,and the patient was successfully cured.Successful treatment of pregnant women with AFLP complicated with MODS and/or hematogenous infection of CRKP can be achieved by using individualized combined antibiotic therapies on the basis of fast blood culture and combined drug sensitivity test.In this case,the patient was in a critical situation.In the treatment process,clinicians,clinical pharmacists and microbiologists should cooperate with each other and discuss the treatment plan together according to the pathophysiological characteristics of the patient,which was one of the key factors for successful treatment of the patient.
