Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the application of mammography combined with breast dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging(DCE-MRI) for the diagnosis of early breast cancer. Methods Ma...Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the application of mammography combined with breast dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging(DCE-MRI) for the diagnosis of early breast cancer. Methods Mammography and DCE-MRI were performed for 120 patients with breast cancer(malignant, 102; benign; 18). Results The sensitivity of mammography for early diagnosis of breast cancer was 66.67%, specificity was 77.78%, and accuracy was 68.33%. The sensitivity of MRI for early diagnosis of breast cancer was 94.12%, specificity was 88.89%, and accuracy was 93.33%. However, the sensitivity of mammography combined with DCE-MRI volume imaging with enhanced water signal(VIEWS) scanning for early diagnosis of breast cancer was 97.06%, specificity was 94.44%, and accuracy was 96.67%. Conclusion Mammography combined with DCE-MRI increased the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of diagnosing early breast cancer.展开更多
Background Previous evidence suggests that methionine(Met)consumption can promote placental angiogenesis and improve fetal survival.To investigate the mechanisms by which increased levels of Met as hydroxyl-Met(OHMet)...Background Previous evidence suggests that methionine(Met)consumption can promote placental angiogenesis and improve fetal survival.To investigate the mechanisms by which increased levels of Met as hydroxyl-Met(OHMet)improve placental function,forty sows were divided into four groups and fed either a control diet,or diets supplemented with 0.15%OHMet,0.3%OHMet or 0.3%Met(n=10).Placentas were collected immediately after expulsion,and extracted proteins were analyzed by tandem mass tag based quantitative proteomic analysis.Results We found that 0.15%OHMet consumption significantly increased placental vascular density compared with the control.Proteomic analysis identified 5,136 proteins,87 of these were differentially expressed(P<0.05,|fold change|>1.2).Enriched pathways in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes for 0.15%OHMet vs.control and 0.15%OHMet vs.0.3%OHMet were glutathione metabolism;for 0.15%OHMet vs.0.3%Met,they were NOD-like receptor signaling and apoptosis.Further analysis revealed that 0.15%OHMet supplementation upregulated the protein expression of glutathione-S-transferase(GSTT1)in placentas and trophoblast cells compared with the control and 0.3%OHMet groups,upregulated thioredoxin(TXN)in placentas and trophoblast cells compared with the 0.3%OHMet and 0.3%Met groups,and decreased reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels in trophoblast cells compared with other groups.In contrast,sows fed 0.3%OHMet or 0.3%Met diets increased placental interleukin 1βlevels compared with the control,and upregulated the protein expression of complex I-B9(NDUFA3)compared with the 0.15%OHMet group.Furthermore,homocysteine,an intermediate in the trans-sulphuration pathway of Met,damaged placental function by inhibiting the protein expression of TXN,leading to apoptosis and ROS production.Conclusion Although dietary 0.15%OHMet supplementation improved placental angiogenesis and increased antioxidative capacity,0.3%OHMet or 0.3%Met supplementation impaired placental function by aggravating inflammation and oxidative stress,which is associated with cumulative homocysteine levels.展开更多
Background Maternal nutrition significantly influences offspring development.This study investigated the effects of maternal or post-weaning cinnamaldehyde(CA)supplementation in sows and their offspring on reproductiv...Background Maternal nutrition significantly influences offspring development.This study investigated the effects of maternal or post-weaning cinnamaldehyde(CA)supplementation in sows and their offspring on reproductive performance and health.Sixty sows,selected based on body condition score and parity,were randomly allocated to control or CA(500 mg/kg)diets from d 107 of gestation to d 24 of lactation.At weaning,128 piglets were assigned to four groups(n=8)based on weight and source litter for a 21-d experiment.The four groups were CON-CON(both sow and piglet on CON),CON-CA(sow on CON,piglet on CA),CA-CON(sow on CA,piglet on CON),and CA-CA(both sow and piglet on CA).Results Maternal CA supplementation tended to improve body weight(+15%,P=0.09)and average daily gain(+21%,P=0.07)of suckling piglets,along with increased levels of milk IgG(P=0.01)and IgM(P=0.02),colostrum crude fat(P=0.01),and plasma glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)activity(P=0.02)at farrowing.Moreover,maternal CA supplementation significantly improved plasma antioxidant capacity,expressions of intestinal barrier and antiinflammatory genes,and gut microbiota structure of piglets at the end of suckling.Additionally,maternal CA supplementation increased the apparent total tract digestibility(ATTD)of crude protein(P<0.01),gross energy(GE;P=0.03),and dry matter(P=0.01),improved jejunal sucrase activity(P<0.01),villus height(P=0.03),the ratio of villi height to crypt depth(P=0.02),and the expressions of intestinal barrier and anti-inflammatory genes in post-weaning piglets.Furthermore,post-weaning CA supplementation tended to decrease diarrhea scores of piglets during d 14–21 and increased the ATTD of GE(P=0.02),activities of jejunal sucrase(P=0.02),plasma catalase(P=0.01),and total superoxide dismutase(P<0.01)in piglets.Conclusion Maternal CA supplementation tended to increase the growth rate and weaning weight of suckling piglets,associated with improved antioxidant capacity and milk composition.Moreover,maternal CA supplementation or post-weaning CA supplementation improved nutrient digestibility,redox status,and intestinal function-related parameters of weaned piglets.展开更多
Carbon monoxide(CO)is a crucial gaseous signaling molecule that regulates various physiological and pathological processes,and may exert an anti-inflammatory and protective role in drug-induced liver injury(DILI).Desp...Carbon monoxide(CO)is a crucial gaseous signaling molecule that regulates various physiological and pathological processes,and may exert an anti-inflammatory and protective role in drug-induced liver injury(DILI).Despite this,understanding the exact relationship between CO and the occurrence and development of DILI remains challenging.Hence,there is an urgent need to develop a reliable and robust tool for the rapid visual detection and assessment of CO in this context.Herein,we presented a novel near-infrared(NIR)fluorescent nanoprobe with aggregation-induced emission(AIE)properties and excited-state intramolecular proton transfer(ESIPT)characteristics for the detection and imaging of CO both in vitro and in vivo.Simultaneously,the nanoprobe enables self-assembly form nanoaggregates in aqueous media with high biocompatible,which can sense CO in situ through the conversion of yellowto-red fluorescence facilitated aggregation-induced dual-color fluorescence.What is more,this nanoprobe shows ratiometric respond to CO,which demonstrates excellent stability,high sensitivity(with a detection limit of 12.5 nmol/L),and superior selectivity.Crucially,this nanoprobe enables the visual detection of exogenous and endogenous CO in living cells and tissues affected by DILI,offering a user-friendly tool for real-time visualization of CO in living system.Hence,it holds great promise in advancing our understanding of CO’s role.展开更多
Thalidomide,an immunomodulatory drug,is widely recommended for the treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis(RAS).This review aimed to assess the reliability of thalidomide for managing RAS,oro-genital ulcers associa...Thalidomide,an immunomodulatory drug,is widely recommended for the treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis(RAS).This review aimed to assess the reliability of thalidomide for managing RAS,oro-genital ulcers associated with Behçet’s disease(BD),and RAS in individuals with HIV infection.A systematic review was conducted following PICOS(Patient,Intervention,Control,Outcome,Study design)principles.Given the heterogeneity across studies,a qualitative analysis was performed in place of a meta-analysis.Eight randomized controlled trials(RCTs)were deemed eligible for inclusion.In three RCTs focused on RAS,a dosage of thalidomide at 100 mg/d demonstrated efficacy,while a lower dose of 25 mg/d helped prolong the recurrence interval of RAS.For oro-genital ulcers of BD,two RCTs indicated that both 300 mg/d for 24 weeks and 200 mg/d for 28 d,preceded by an initial dose of 400 mg/d for 5 d,were effective.In three RCTs investigating RAS in HIV-infected patients,thalidomide at 200 mg/d for either 4 or 7 weeks,with an initial dose of 400 mg/d for the first week,proved effective.However,a regimen of 100 mg three times per week failed to prevent the recurrence of oral ulcers.Adverse reactions to thalidomide were generally tolerable within the dosage ranges used in these studies.Overall,thalidomide showed promising efficacy for treating RAS,oro-genital ulcers in BD,and RAS in HIV-infected individuals.However,the variability in trial designs,dosages,and treatment durations makes it challenging to recommend an optimal dose and course of therapy.Further high-quality RCTs are necessary to establish more definitive guidelines.展开更多
The gas explosion in residential building has always been a highly concerned problem.Explosions in homogeneous mixtures have been extensively studied.However,mixtures are often inhomogeneous in the practical scenarios...The gas explosion in residential building has always been a highly concerned problem.Explosions in homogeneous mixtures have been extensively studied.However,mixtures are often inhomogeneous in the practical scenarios due to the differences in the densities of methane and air.In order to investigate the effects of gas explosions in inhomogeneous mixtures,experimental studies involving gas leakage and explosion are conducted in a full-scale residential building to reproduce the process of gas explosion.By fitting the dimensionless buoyancy as a function of dimensionless height and dimensionless time,a distribution model of gas in large-scale spaces is established,and the mechanism of inhomogeneous distribution of methane is also be revealed.Furthermore,the stratified reconstruction method(SRM)is introduced for efficiently setting up inhomogeneous concentration fields in FLACS.The simulation results highlight that for the internal overpressure,the distribution of methane has no effect on the first overpressure peak(ΔP1),while it significantly influences the subsequent overpressure peak(ΔP2),and the maximum difference between the overpressure of homogeneous and inhomogeneous distribution is174.3%.Moreover,the initial concentration distribution also has a certain impact on the external overpressure.展开更多
Butyrylcholinesterase(BChE)is a key enzyme in the metabolism of cholinergic compounds.It has been recognized as a key biomarker for many diseases,including liver diseases and Alzheimer’s disease.However,classical met...Butyrylcholinesterase(BChE)is a key enzyme in the metabolism of cholinergic compounds.It has been recognized as a key biomarker for many diseases,including liver diseases and Alzheimer’s disease.However,classical methods for detecting BChE activity suffer from low sensitivity,cumbersome pre-treatment,and poor stability.Chemiluminescence is a promising new method for detecting and imaging the activity of BChE.It has several advantages over traditional methods,including low background interference,high sensitivity,and the absence of external illumination.In this study,we developed a novel BChE-activatable chemiluminescent probe(CL-BChE).It exhibited a significant chemiluminescence enhancement at 525nm upon incubation with BChE.It had a low limit of detection(6.25×10^(−3)U/mL)and was highly selective for BChE.CL-BChE was used to image BChE activity in living cells and tumor-bearing animal models.It was also successfully applied to detect pesticide residue,even under the interference of representative phytochromes and real vegetable samples.Given its high sensitivity,selectivity,and versatility,we believe that CL-BChE will be a promising tool for investigating BChE’s activity in biomedical research as well as other BChE-related scenarios.展开更多
The response of plant functional diversity to external disturbances not only effectively predicts changes in the ecosystem but it also reflects how plant communities use external environmental resources.However,resear...The response of plant functional diversity to external disturbances not only effectively predicts changes in the ecosystem but it also reflects how plant communities use external environmental resources.However,research on how different herbivore assemblages affect plant functional diversity is limited.Therefore,this study systematically explored the effects of three typical herbivore assemblages(yak grazing,Tibetan sheep grazing,and mixed grazing by yaks and Tibetan sheep)on species richness,plant functional diversity,and soil physicochemical properties in alpine grasslands on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China.This study further investigated the primary mechanisms driving the changes in plant functional diversity.The results indicate four key aspects of this system:(1)Grazing significantly enhanced plant functional diversity,particularly when the mixed grazing by yaks and Tibetan sheep was applied at a ratio of 1:2.This ratio showed the most substantial improvement in the functional dispersion index and Rao's quadratic entropy index.(2)Compared to enclosed treatments,grazing increased species richness andβ-diversity,contributing to higher plant functional diversity.(3)Grazing treatments affected various plant traits,such as reducing plant community height and leaf thickness while increasing specific leaf area.However,the impact on plant functional diversity was most pronounced under the mixed grazing by yaks and Tibetan sheep at a ratio of 1:2.(4)Speciesα-diversity was positively correlated with plant functional diversity.Changes in plant functional diversity were primarily regulated by variations in soil physicochemical properties.Specifically,increases in soil available nitrogen significantly promoted changes in plant functional diversity,while increases in soil available potassium and bulk density had a significant inhibitory effect on these changes.Long-term grazing significantly reduced the height of plant communities in alpine meadows,while a balanced mixture of yak and Tibetan sheep grazing,especially at a ratio of 1:2,enhanced plant functional diversity the most.This suggests that,under these conditions,the use of external environmental resources by the plant community is optimized.展开更多
The recent wave of the artificial intelligence(AI)revolution has aroused unprecedented interest in the intelligentialize of human society.As an essential component that bridges the physical world and digital signals,f...The recent wave of the artificial intelligence(AI)revolution has aroused unprecedented interest in the intelligentialize of human society.As an essential component that bridges the physical world and digital signals,flexible sensors are evolving from a single sensing element to a smarter system,which is capable of highly efficient acquisition,analysis,and even perception of vast,multifaceted data.While challenging from a manual perspective,the development of intelligent flexible sensing has been remarkably facilitated owing to the rapid advances of brain-inspired AI innovations from both the algorithm(machine learning)and the framework(artificial synapses)level.This review presents the recent progress of the emerging AI-driven,intelligent flexible sensing systems.The basic concept of machine learning and artificial synapses are introduced.The new enabling features induced by the fusion of AI and flexible sensing are comprehensively reviewed,which significantly advances the applications such as flexible sensory systems,soft/humanoid robotics,and human activity monitoring.As two of the most profound innovations in the twenty-first century,the deep incorporation of flexible sensing and AI technology holds tremendous potential for creating a smarter world for human beings.展开更多
Doubled haploid(DH)technology is an important tool in crop breeding because it can significantly accelerate the breeding process.ZmPLA1/MATL/NLD and ZmDMP are two key genes controlling haploid induction(HI)in maize,ex...Doubled haploid(DH)technology is an important tool in crop breeding because it can significantly accelerate the breeding process.ZmPLA1/MATL/NLD and ZmDMP are two key genes controlling haploid induction(HI)in maize,exhibiting a synergistic effect.However,it is unknown whether knock out of ZmDMP orthologs can stimulate HI in rice.In this study,a ZmPLA1 ortholog(OsPLA1)and two ZmDMP orthologs(OsDMP3 and OsDMP6)were identified in rice.All three genes encode plasma membrane-localized proteins and were highly expressed in mature anthers.Knockout of OsPLA1 in both Minghui 63 and Nipponbare resulted in reduced seed setting rate(SSR)and caused HI.The osdmp3,osdmp6 and the double mutant failed to trigger HI independently,nor increased the haploid induction rate(HIR)when combined with ospla1.Repeated pollinations operations of QX654A with the ospla1 mutant significantly improve SSR,while reducing HIR.RNA-seq profiling of mature ospla1 mutant anthers indicated that a large number of differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were enriched in redox homeostasis and lipid metabolic GO terms,plant hormone signal transduction,and MAPK signaling pathways.These findings provide important insights towards construction of an efficient DH breeding technology and study of the molecular mechanism of HI in rice.展开更多
Background Intrauterine growth retardation(IUGR)affects intestinal growth,morphology,and function,which leads to poor growth performance and high mortality.The present study explored whether maternal dietary methyl do...Background Intrauterine growth retardation(IUGR)affects intestinal growth,morphology,and function,which leads to poor growth performance and high mortality.The present study explored whether maternal dietary methyl donor(MET)supplementation alleviates IUGR and enhances offspring’s growth performance by improving intestinal growth,function,and DNA methylation of the ileum in a porcine IUGR model.Methods Forty multiparous sows were allocated to the control or MET diet groups from mating until delivery.After farrowing,8 pairs of IUGR and normal birth weight piglets from 8 litters were selected for sampling before suckling colostrum.Results The results showed that maternal MET supplementation tended to decrease the IUGR incidence and increased the average weaning weight of piglets.Moreover,maternal MET supplementation significantly reduced the plasma concentrations of isoleucine,cysteine,urea,and total amino acids in sows and newborn pig-lets.It also increased lactase and sucrase activity in the jejunum of newborn piglets.MET addition resulted in lower ileal methionine synthase activity and increased betaine homocysteine S-methyltransferase activity in the ileum of newborn piglets.DNA methylation analysis of the ileum showed that MET supplementation increased the methyla-tion level of DNA CpG sites in the ileum of newborn piglets.Down-regulated differentially methylated genes were enriched in folic acid binding,insulin receptor signaling pathway,and endothelial cell proliferation.In contrast,up-regulated methylated genes were enriched in growth hormone receptor signaling pathway and nitric oxide biosyn-thetic process.Conclusions Maternal MET supplementation can reduce the incidence of IUGR and increase the weaning litter weight of piglets,which may be associated with better intestinal function and methylation status.展开更多
Aiming at the problem of shadow interference in UAV's ground reconnaissance,a color and polarization synergistic target detection method is proposed for anti-shadow interference,based on the influence of two physi...Aiming at the problem of shadow interference in UAV's ground reconnaissance,a color and polarization synergistic target detection method is proposed for anti-shadow interference,based on the influence of two physical characteristics(wavelength and polarization)under different illuminations.A valid fusion strategy is proposed via integrating two separate detection results on color and polarization images.Moreover,a local enhancement and recognition module(LER)is introduced to boost the performance.Based on our built dataset,experimental results show that our method achieves mAPof 87.76%,and12.37%higher than that of color image and 14.68%higher than that of polarization image.展开更多
Recent evidence suggests that low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy(Li-ESWT)is a promising treatment for chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome(CP/CPPS);however,its safety in pelvic organs,particul...Recent evidence suggests that low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy(Li-ESWT)is a promising treatment for chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome(CP/CPPS);however,its safety in pelvic organs,particularly prostate tissues and cells,remains unclear.The current study evaluates the risks of prostate cell damage or oncogenesis following the administration of LiESWT for prostatitis.To this end,a robust in vitro model(Cell Counting Kit-8[CCK-8]assay,clone formation assay,cell scratch assay,lactate dehydrogenase[LDH]release assay,flow cytometry,and immunoblotting assay)was designed to examine the effects of Li-ESWT on cell proliferation,clonogenicity,migration,membrane integrity,and DNA damage.Exome sequencing of Li-ESWTtreated cells was performed to determine the risk of carcinogenesis.Furthermore,an in vivo rat model(n=20)was employed to assess the effects of Li-ESWT on cancer biomarkers(carcinoembryonic antigen[CEA],Ki67,proliferating cell nuclear antigen[PCNA],and gamma-H2A histone family member X,phosphorylation of the H2AX Ser-139[γ-H2AX])in prostate tissue.Based on our findings,Li-ESWT promotes cellular growth and motility without inducing significant cell membrane or DNA damage or alterations.Genetic analyses did not demonstrate an increase in mutations,and no damage to prostate tissue or upregulation of cancer biomarkers was detected in vivo.This comprehensive in vitro and in vivo assessment confirms the safety of Li-ESWT in managing prostate disorders.展开更多
Realizing high-rate capability and high-efficiency utilization of polyanionic cathode materials is of great importance for practical sodium-ion batteries(SIBs) since they usually suffer from extremely low electronic c...Realizing high-rate capability and high-efficiency utilization of polyanionic cathode materials is of great importance for practical sodium-ion batteries(SIBs) since they usually suffer from extremely low electronic conductivity and limited ionic diffusion kinetics. Herein, taking Na_(3.5)V_(1.5)Mn_(0.5)(PO_(4))_(3)(NVMP) as an example, a reinforced concrete-like hierarchical and porous hybrid(NVMP@C@3DPG) built from 3D graphene(“rebar”) frameworks and in situ generated carbon coated NVMP(“concrete”) has been developed by a facile polymer assisted self-assembly and subsequent solid-state method. Such hybrids deliver superior rate capability(73.9 m Ah/g up to 20 C) and excellent cycling stability in a wide temperature range with a high specific capacity of 88.4 m Ah/g after 5000 cycles at 15 C at room temperature, and a high capacity retention of 97.1% after 500 cycles at 1 C(-20 ℃), and maintaining a high reversible capacity of 110.3 m Ah/g in full cell. This work offers a facile and efficient strategy to develop advanced polyanionic cathodes with high-efficiency utilization and 3D electron/ion transport systems.展开更多
Background Two studies were designed to determine standard ileal crude protein(CP)and amino acid(AA)digestibility of soybean meal(SBM)from different origins fed to non-pregnant and pregnant sows.Seven solvent-extracte...Background Two studies were designed to determine standard ileal crude protein(CP)and amino acid(AA)digestibility of soybean meal(SBM)from different origins fed to non-pregnant and pregnant sows.Seven solvent-extracted SBMs from soybeans produced in the USA,Brazil,and China were selected.In Exp.1,eight different diets were created:a nitrogen(N)-free diet and 7 experimental diets containing SBM from different origins as the only N source.Eight non-pregnant,multiparous sows were arranged in an 8×8 Latin square design(8 periods and 8 diets).In Exp.2,the diet formula was the same as in Exp.1.Eight gestating sows(parity 3)were assigned to 4 different diets in a replicated 4×3 Youden square design(three periods and four diets)in mid-gestation and again in late-gestation stages.Results When fed to non-pregnant and late-gestating sows,the standardized ileal digestibility(SID)of CP and most AAs from different SBM were not significantly different(P>0.05).When fed to mid-gestating sows,the SID values for Arg,His,Lys,Phe,Cys,Gly,Ser,and Tyr in SBM 1 were lower than in SBM 4 and 5(P<0.05),whereas SID for Leu from SBM 5 was higher than in SBM 1 and 4(P<0.05).SID values for Ile,Ala,and Asp from SBM 4 were lower than in SBM 1 and 5(P<0.05).Sows had significantly greater SID values for Lys,Ala,and Asp during mid-gestation when compared with late-gestation stages(P<0.05).Mid-gestating sows had greater SID value for Val and lower SID value for Tyr when compared with non-pregnant and late-gestating sows(P<0.01),whereas non-pregnant sows had significantly greater SID value for Met when compared with gestating sows(P<0.01).Conclusions When fed to mid-gestating sows,the SID values for most AAs varied among SBM samples.The SID values for Lys,Met,Val,Ala,Asp,and Tyr in SBM were affected by sow gestation stages.Our findings provide a cornerstone for accurate SBM use in sow diets.展开更多
1.Introduction Grain boundaries(GBs)in polycrystalline materials exhibit unique atomic structures due to the lattice disorder,resulting in properties that are distinct from the bulk[1-5].Doping foreign atoms in the GB...1.Introduction Grain boundaries(GBs)in polycrystalline materials exhibit unique atomic structures due to the lattice disorder,resulting in properties that are distinct from the bulk[1-5].Doping foreign atoms in the GBs has become one of the most popular strategies for modifying material properties,such as grain growth behaviors,microstructures,and mechanical properties in polycrystals[6-12].These dopants typically diffuse along the GBs at elevated temper-atures and ultimately segregate to preferred GB atomic sites to modify the structures of the GBs[13-15].Consequently,GB seg-regation of dopants has gained significant interests,and a funda-mental understanding of the origin of GB segregation phenomena is crucial for the rational design of materials with unprecedented properties.展开更多
文摘Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the application of mammography combined with breast dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging(DCE-MRI) for the diagnosis of early breast cancer. Methods Mammography and DCE-MRI were performed for 120 patients with breast cancer(malignant, 102; benign; 18). Results The sensitivity of mammography for early diagnosis of breast cancer was 66.67%, specificity was 77.78%, and accuracy was 68.33%. The sensitivity of MRI for early diagnosis of breast cancer was 94.12%, specificity was 88.89%, and accuracy was 93.33%. However, the sensitivity of mammography combined with DCE-MRI volume imaging with enhanced water signal(VIEWS) scanning for early diagnosis of breast cancer was 97.06%, specificity was 94.44%, and accuracy was 96.67%. Conclusion Mammography combined with DCE-MRI increased the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of diagnosing early breast cancer.
基金financially supported by the Adisseo Innovation Research Center for Nutrition and Health(060–2222319005)Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan(2023NSFSC1135)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31972603)。
文摘Background Previous evidence suggests that methionine(Met)consumption can promote placental angiogenesis and improve fetal survival.To investigate the mechanisms by which increased levels of Met as hydroxyl-Met(OHMet)improve placental function,forty sows were divided into four groups and fed either a control diet,or diets supplemented with 0.15%OHMet,0.3%OHMet or 0.3%Met(n=10).Placentas were collected immediately after expulsion,and extracted proteins were analyzed by tandem mass tag based quantitative proteomic analysis.Results We found that 0.15%OHMet consumption significantly increased placental vascular density compared with the control.Proteomic analysis identified 5,136 proteins,87 of these were differentially expressed(P<0.05,|fold change|>1.2).Enriched pathways in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes for 0.15%OHMet vs.control and 0.15%OHMet vs.0.3%OHMet were glutathione metabolism;for 0.15%OHMet vs.0.3%Met,they were NOD-like receptor signaling and apoptosis.Further analysis revealed that 0.15%OHMet supplementation upregulated the protein expression of glutathione-S-transferase(GSTT1)in placentas and trophoblast cells compared with the control and 0.3%OHMet groups,upregulated thioredoxin(TXN)in placentas and trophoblast cells compared with the 0.3%OHMet and 0.3%Met groups,and decreased reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels in trophoblast cells compared with other groups.In contrast,sows fed 0.3%OHMet or 0.3%Met diets increased placental interleukin 1βlevels compared with the control,and upregulated the protein expression of complex I-B9(NDUFA3)compared with the 0.15%OHMet group.Furthermore,homocysteine,an intermediate in the trans-sulphuration pathway of Met,damaged placental function by inhibiting the protein expression of TXN,leading to apoptosis and ROS production.Conclusion Although dietary 0.15%OHMet supplementation improved placental angiogenesis and increased antioxidative capacity,0.3%OHMet or 0.3%Met supplementation impaired placental function by aggravating inflammation and oxidative stress,which is associated with cumulative homocysteine levels.
基金supported by the project of the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-35)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD1300802)。
文摘Background Maternal nutrition significantly influences offspring development.This study investigated the effects of maternal or post-weaning cinnamaldehyde(CA)supplementation in sows and their offspring on reproductive performance and health.Sixty sows,selected based on body condition score and parity,were randomly allocated to control or CA(500 mg/kg)diets from d 107 of gestation to d 24 of lactation.At weaning,128 piglets were assigned to four groups(n=8)based on weight and source litter for a 21-d experiment.The four groups were CON-CON(both sow and piglet on CON),CON-CA(sow on CON,piglet on CA),CA-CON(sow on CA,piglet on CON),and CA-CA(both sow and piglet on CA).Results Maternal CA supplementation tended to improve body weight(+15%,P=0.09)and average daily gain(+21%,P=0.07)of suckling piglets,along with increased levels of milk IgG(P=0.01)and IgM(P=0.02),colostrum crude fat(P=0.01),and plasma glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)activity(P=0.02)at farrowing.Moreover,maternal CA supplementation significantly improved plasma antioxidant capacity,expressions of intestinal barrier and antiinflammatory genes,and gut microbiota structure of piglets at the end of suckling.Additionally,maternal CA supplementation increased the apparent total tract digestibility(ATTD)of crude protein(P<0.01),gross energy(GE;P=0.03),and dry matter(P=0.01),improved jejunal sucrase activity(P<0.01),villus height(P=0.03),the ratio of villi height to crypt depth(P=0.02),and the expressions of intestinal barrier and anti-inflammatory genes in post-weaning piglets.Furthermore,post-weaning CA supplementation tended to decrease diarrhea scores of piglets during d 14–21 and increased the ATTD of GE(P=0.02),activities of jejunal sucrase(P=0.02),plasma catalase(P=0.01),and total superoxide dismutase(P<0.01)in piglets.Conclusion Maternal CA supplementation tended to increase the growth rate and weaning weight of suckling piglets,associated with improved antioxidant capacity and milk composition.Moreover,maternal CA supplementation or post-weaning CA supplementation improved nutrient digestibility,redox status,and intestinal function-related parameters of weaned piglets.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82272067,81974386,22107123 and M-0696)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(Nos.2021JJ41008,2022JJ80052,2022JJ40656,2023JJ20077)+2 种基金the Key Project of Changsha Science and Technology Plan(No.kh2201059)the Scientific Research Project of Health Commission of Hunan Province(No.B202313057213)the Youth Science Foundation of Xiangya Hospital(No.2022Q16).
文摘Carbon monoxide(CO)is a crucial gaseous signaling molecule that regulates various physiological and pathological processes,and may exert an anti-inflammatory and protective role in drug-induced liver injury(DILI).Despite this,understanding the exact relationship between CO and the occurrence and development of DILI remains challenging.Hence,there is an urgent need to develop a reliable and robust tool for the rapid visual detection and assessment of CO in this context.Herein,we presented a novel near-infrared(NIR)fluorescent nanoprobe with aggregation-induced emission(AIE)properties and excited-state intramolecular proton transfer(ESIPT)characteristics for the detection and imaging of CO both in vitro and in vivo.Simultaneously,the nanoprobe enables self-assembly form nanoaggregates in aqueous media with high biocompatible,which can sense CO in situ through the conversion of yellowto-red fluorescence facilitated aggregation-induced dual-color fluorescence.What is more,this nanoprobe shows ratiometric respond to CO,which demonstrates excellent stability,high sensitivity(with a detection limit of 12.5 nmol/L),and superior selectivity.Crucially,this nanoprobe enables the visual detection of exogenous and endogenous CO in living cells and tissues affected by DILI,offering a user-friendly tool for real-time visualization of CO in living system.Hence,it holds great promise in advancing our understanding of CO’s role.
文摘Thalidomide,an immunomodulatory drug,is widely recommended for the treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis(RAS).This review aimed to assess the reliability of thalidomide for managing RAS,oro-genital ulcers associated with Behçet’s disease(BD),and RAS in individuals with HIV infection.A systematic review was conducted following PICOS(Patient,Intervention,Control,Outcome,Study design)principles.Given the heterogeneity across studies,a qualitative analysis was performed in place of a meta-analysis.Eight randomized controlled trials(RCTs)were deemed eligible for inclusion.In three RCTs focused on RAS,a dosage of thalidomide at 100 mg/d demonstrated efficacy,while a lower dose of 25 mg/d helped prolong the recurrence interval of RAS.For oro-genital ulcers of BD,two RCTs indicated that both 300 mg/d for 24 weeks and 200 mg/d for 28 d,preceded by an initial dose of 400 mg/d for 5 d,were effective.In three RCTs investigating RAS in HIV-infected patients,thalidomide at 200 mg/d for either 4 or 7 weeks,with an initial dose of 400 mg/d for the first week,proved effective.However,a regimen of 100 mg three times per week failed to prevent the recurrence of oral ulcers.Adverse reactions to thalidomide were generally tolerable within the dosage ranges used in these studies.Overall,thalidomide showed promising efficacy for treating RAS,oro-genital ulcers in BD,and RAS in HIV-infected individuals.However,the variability in trial designs,dosages,and treatment durations makes it challenging to recommend an optimal dose and course of therapy.Further high-quality RCTs are necessary to establish more definitive guidelines.
基金the financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52378488)Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.KYCX22_0222)。
文摘The gas explosion in residential building has always been a highly concerned problem.Explosions in homogeneous mixtures have been extensively studied.However,mixtures are often inhomogeneous in the practical scenarios due to the differences in the densities of methane and air.In order to investigate the effects of gas explosions in inhomogeneous mixtures,experimental studies involving gas leakage and explosion are conducted in a full-scale residential building to reproduce the process of gas explosion.By fitting the dimensionless buoyancy as a function of dimensionless height and dimensionless time,a distribution model of gas in large-scale spaces is established,and the mechanism of inhomogeneous distribution of methane is also be revealed.Furthermore,the stratified reconstruction method(SRM)is introduced for efficiently setting up inhomogeneous concentration fields in FLACS.The simulation results highlight that for the internal overpressure,the distribution of methane has no effect on the first overpressure peak(ΔP1),while it significantly influences the subsequent overpressure peak(ΔP2),and the maximum difference between the overpressure of homogeneous and inhomogeneous distribution is174.3%.Moreover,the initial concentration distribution also has a certain impact on the external overpressure.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82272067,81974386,and M-0696)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(Nos.2022JJ80052 and 2022JJ40656)the Innovation Fund for Postgraduate Students of Central South University(No.2023ZZTS0609)。
文摘Butyrylcholinesterase(BChE)is a key enzyme in the metabolism of cholinergic compounds.It has been recognized as a key biomarker for many diseases,including liver diseases and Alzheimer’s disease.However,classical methods for detecting BChE activity suffer from low sensitivity,cumbersome pre-treatment,and poor stability.Chemiluminescence is a promising new method for detecting and imaging the activity of BChE.It has several advantages over traditional methods,including low background interference,high sensitivity,and the absence of external illumination.In this study,we developed a novel BChE-activatable chemiluminescent probe(CL-BChE).It exhibited a significant chemiluminescence enhancement at 525nm upon incubation with BChE.It had a low limit of detection(6.25×10^(−3)U/mL)and was highly selective for BChE.CL-BChE was used to image BChE activity in living cells and tumor-bearing animal models.It was also successfully applied to detect pesticide residue,even under the interference of representative phytochromes and real vegetable samples.Given its high sensitivity,selectivity,and versatility,we believe that CL-BChE will be a promising tool for investigating BChE’s activity in biomedical research as well as other BChE-related scenarios.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U20A2007 and 32160343)the Open Project of Key Laboratory of the Alpine Grassland Ecology in the Three Rivers Region(Qinghai University),Ministry of Education of China(2023-SJY-KF-02)the West Light Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences。
文摘The response of plant functional diversity to external disturbances not only effectively predicts changes in the ecosystem but it also reflects how plant communities use external environmental resources.However,research on how different herbivore assemblages affect plant functional diversity is limited.Therefore,this study systematically explored the effects of three typical herbivore assemblages(yak grazing,Tibetan sheep grazing,and mixed grazing by yaks and Tibetan sheep)on species richness,plant functional diversity,and soil physicochemical properties in alpine grasslands on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China.This study further investigated the primary mechanisms driving the changes in plant functional diversity.The results indicate four key aspects of this system:(1)Grazing significantly enhanced plant functional diversity,particularly when the mixed grazing by yaks and Tibetan sheep was applied at a ratio of 1:2.This ratio showed the most substantial improvement in the functional dispersion index and Rao's quadratic entropy index.(2)Compared to enclosed treatments,grazing increased species richness andβ-diversity,contributing to higher plant functional diversity.(3)Grazing treatments affected various plant traits,such as reducing plant community height and leaf thickness while increasing specific leaf area.However,the impact on plant functional diversity was most pronounced under the mixed grazing by yaks and Tibetan sheep at a ratio of 1:2.(4)Speciesα-diversity was positively correlated with plant functional diversity.Changes in plant functional diversity were primarily regulated by variations in soil physicochemical properties.Specifically,increases in soil available nitrogen significantly promoted changes in plant functional diversity,while increases in soil available potassium and bulk density had a significant inhibitory effect on these changes.Long-term grazing significantly reduced the height of plant communities in alpine meadows,while a balanced mixture of yak and Tibetan sheep grazing,especially at a ratio of 1:2,enhanced plant functional diversity the most.This suggests that,under these conditions,the use of external environmental resources by the plant community is optimized.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52275346 and 52075287)Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program(20221080070).
文摘The recent wave of the artificial intelligence(AI)revolution has aroused unprecedented interest in the intelligentialize of human society.As an essential component that bridges the physical world and digital signals,flexible sensors are evolving from a single sensing element to a smarter system,which is capable of highly efficient acquisition,analysis,and even perception of vast,multifaceted data.While challenging from a manual perspective,the development of intelligent flexible sensing has been remarkably facilitated owing to the rapid advances of brain-inspired AI innovations from both the algorithm(machine learning)and the framework(artificial synapses)level.This review presents the recent progress of the emerging AI-driven,intelligent flexible sensing systems.The basic concept of machine learning and artificial synapses are introduced.The new enabling features induced by the fusion of AI and flexible sensing are comprehensively reviewed,which significantly advances the applications such as flexible sensory systems,soft/humanoid robotics,and human activity monitoring.As two of the most profound innovations in the twenty-first century,the deep incorporation of flexible sensing and AI technology holds tremendous potential for creating a smarter world for human beings.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1200800)the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-02-05)+1 种基金Beijing Nova Program(2023067)Yunnan Province Science and Technology Department(202305AF150026).
文摘Doubled haploid(DH)technology is an important tool in crop breeding because it can significantly accelerate the breeding process.ZmPLA1/MATL/NLD and ZmDMP are two key genes controlling haploid induction(HI)in maize,exhibiting a synergistic effect.However,it is unknown whether knock out of ZmDMP orthologs can stimulate HI in rice.In this study,a ZmPLA1 ortholog(OsPLA1)and two ZmDMP orthologs(OsDMP3 and OsDMP6)were identified in rice.All three genes encode plasma membrane-localized proteins and were highly expressed in mature anthers.Knockout of OsPLA1 in both Minghui 63 and Nipponbare resulted in reduced seed setting rate(SSR)and caused HI.The osdmp3,osdmp6 and the double mutant failed to trigger HI independently,nor increased the haploid induction rate(HIR)when combined with ospla1.Repeated pollinations operations of QX654A with the ospla1 mutant significantly improve SSR,while reducing HIR.RNA-seq profiling of mature ospla1 mutant anthers indicated that a large number of differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were enriched in redox homeostasis and lipid metabolic GO terms,plant hormone signal transduction,and MAPK signaling pathways.These findings provide important insights towards construction of an efficient DH breeding technology and study of the molecular mechanism of HI in rice.
基金This work was supported by Sichuan Provincial Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(Grant No.2020JDJQ0041)CARS-35 and Sichuan Key Science and Technology Project(NO.2021ZDZX0009).
文摘Background Intrauterine growth retardation(IUGR)affects intestinal growth,morphology,and function,which leads to poor growth performance and high mortality.The present study explored whether maternal dietary methyl donor(MET)supplementation alleviates IUGR and enhances offspring’s growth performance by improving intestinal growth,function,and DNA methylation of the ileum in a porcine IUGR model.Methods Forty multiparous sows were allocated to the control or MET diet groups from mating until delivery.After farrowing,8 pairs of IUGR and normal birth weight piglets from 8 litters were selected for sampling before suckling colostrum.Results The results showed that maternal MET supplementation tended to decrease the IUGR incidence and increased the average weaning weight of piglets.Moreover,maternal MET supplementation significantly reduced the plasma concentrations of isoleucine,cysteine,urea,and total amino acids in sows and newborn pig-lets.It also increased lactase and sucrase activity in the jejunum of newborn piglets.MET addition resulted in lower ileal methionine synthase activity and increased betaine homocysteine S-methyltransferase activity in the ileum of newborn piglets.DNA methylation analysis of the ileum showed that MET supplementation increased the methyla-tion level of DNA CpG sites in the ileum of newborn piglets.Down-regulated differentially methylated genes were enriched in folic acid binding,insulin receptor signaling pathway,and endothelial cell proliferation.In contrast,up-regulated methylated genes were enriched in growth hormone receptor signaling pathway and nitric oxide biosyn-thetic process.Conclusions Maternal MET supplementation can reduce the incidence of IUGR and increase the weaning litter weight of piglets,which may be associated with better intestinal function and methylation status.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program of the Key R&D Project in Shaanxi Province (Grant No.2021GXLH-01-20)the Open Fund Project of Key Laboratory of Opto-electronic Information Processing,Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No.OEIP-O-202001)+2 种基金the China Industry-universityresearch Innovation Fund (Grant No.2021ITA10006)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.62105372)Project Pogram of Science and Technology on Micro-system Laboratory (Grant No.6142804231001)。
文摘Aiming at the problem of shadow interference in UAV's ground reconnaissance,a color and polarization synergistic target detection method is proposed for anti-shadow interference,based on the influence of two physical characteristics(wavelength and polarization)under different illuminations.A valid fusion strategy is proposed via integrating two separate detection results on color and polarization images.Moreover,a local enhancement and recognition module(LER)is introduced to boost the performance.Based on our built dataset,experimental results show that our method achieves mAPof 87.76%,and12.37%higher than that of color image and 14.68%higher than that of polarization image.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.PR0121015)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82160148)the Natural Science Foundation Project of Gansu Province(No.2106RJZA110).
文摘Recent evidence suggests that low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy(Li-ESWT)is a promising treatment for chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome(CP/CPPS);however,its safety in pelvic organs,particularly prostate tissues and cells,remains unclear.The current study evaluates the risks of prostate cell damage or oncogenesis following the administration of LiESWT for prostatitis.To this end,a robust in vitro model(Cell Counting Kit-8[CCK-8]assay,clone formation assay,cell scratch assay,lactate dehydrogenase[LDH]release assay,flow cytometry,and immunoblotting assay)was designed to examine the effects of Li-ESWT on cell proliferation,clonogenicity,migration,membrane integrity,and DNA damage.Exome sequencing of Li-ESWTtreated cells was performed to determine the risk of carcinogenesis.Furthermore,an in vivo rat model(n=20)was employed to assess the effects of Li-ESWT on cancer biomarkers(carcinoembryonic antigen[CEA],Ki67,proliferating cell nuclear antigen[PCNA],and gamma-H2A histone family member X,phosphorylation of the H2AX Ser-139[γ-H2AX])in prostate tissue.Based on our findings,Li-ESWT promotes cellular growth and motility without inducing significant cell membrane or DNA damage or alterations.Genetic analyses did not demonstrate an increase in mutations,and no damage to prostate tissue or upregulation of cancer biomarkers was detected in vivo.This comprehensive in vitro and in vivo assessment confirms the safety of Li-ESWT in managing prostate disorders.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.52072119)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (No.2023JJ50015)+2 种基金the 111 Project (No.D20015)the Australian Research Council (No.DP230100198)the Echidna at the Australian centre for Neutron Scattering under Merit Programs (beamtime: M13623)。
文摘Realizing high-rate capability and high-efficiency utilization of polyanionic cathode materials is of great importance for practical sodium-ion batteries(SIBs) since they usually suffer from extremely low electronic conductivity and limited ionic diffusion kinetics. Herein, taking Na_(3.5)V_(1.5)Mn_(0.5)(PO_(4))_(3)(NVMP) as an example, a reinforced concrete-like hierarchical and porous hybrid(NVMP@C@3DPG) built from 3D graphene(“rebar”) frameworks and in situ generated carbon coated NVMP(“concrete”) has been developed by a facile polymer assisted self-assembly and subsequent solid-state method. Such hybrids deliver superior rate capability(73.9 m Ah/g up to 20 C) and excellent cycling stability in a wide temperature range with a high specific capacity of 88.4 m Ah/g after 5000 cycles at 15 C at room temperature, and a high capacity retention of 97.1% after 500 cycles at 1 C(-20 ℃), and maintaining a high reversible capacity of 110.3 m Ah/g in full cell. This work offers a facile and efficient strategy to develop advanced polyanionic cathodes with high-efficiency utilization and 3D electron/ion transport systems.
基金funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFD1300202)the nutritional value evaluation and parameter establishment of protein feedstuffs for sowsthe Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China(125D0203-16190295)the Major Scientific and Technological Special Project of Sichuan Province(No.2021ZDZX0009)。
文摘Background Two studies were designed to determine standard ileal crude protein(CP)and amino acid(AA)digestibility of soybean meal(SBM)from different origins fed to non-pregnant and pregnant sows.Seven solvent-extracted SBMs from soybeans produced in the USA,Brazil,and China were selected.In Exp.1,eight different diets were created:a nitrogen(N)-free diet and 7 experimental diets containing SBM from different origins as the only N source.Eight non-pregnant,multiparous sows were arranged in an 8×8 Latin square design(8 periods and 8 diets).In Exp.2,the diet formula was the same as in Exp.1.Eight gestating sows(parity 3)were assigned to 4 different diets in a replicated 4×3 Youden square design(three periods and four diets)in mid-gestation and again in late-gestation stages.Results When fed to non-pregnant and late-gestating sows,the standardized ileal digestibility(SID)of CP and most AAs from different SBM were not significantly different(P>0.05).When fed to mid-gestating sows,the SID values for Arg,His,Lys,Phe,Cys,Gly,Ser,and Tyr in SBM 1 were lower than in SBM 4 and 5(P<0.05),whereas SID for Leu from SBM 5 was higher than in SBM 1 and 4(P<0.05).SID values for Ile,Ala,and Asp from SBM 4 were lower than in SBM 1 and 5(P<0.05).Sows had significantly greater SID values for Lys,Ala,and Asp during mid-gestation when compared with late-gestation stages(P<0.05).Mid-gestating sows had greater SID value for Val and lower SID value for Tyr when compared with non-pregnant and late-gestating sows(P<0.01),whereas non-pregnant sows had significantly greater SID value for Met when compared with gestating sows(P<0.01).Conclusions When fed to mid-gestating sows,the SID values for most AAs varied among SBM samples.The SID values for Lys,Met,Val,Ala,Asp,and Tyr in SBM were affected by sow gestation stages.Our findings provide a cornerstone for accurate SBM use in sow diets.
基金supported by the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(S)(No.JP22H04960)Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas(No.JP19H05788)+1 种基金Grants-in-Aid for Early-Career Scientists(No.JP22K14463)from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS)supported by the Advanced Research Infrastructure for Materials and Nanotechnology Japan(No.JPMXP1223UT0054)by the Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science and Technology(MEXT).
文摘1.Introduction Grain boundaries(GBs)in polycrystalline materials exhibit unique atomic structures due to the lattice disorder,resulting in properties that are distinct from the bulk[1-5].Doping foreign atoms in the GBs has become one of the most popular strategies for modifying material properties,such as grain growth behaviors,microstructures,and mechanical properties in polycrystals[6-12].These dopants typically diffuse along the GBs at elevated temper-atures and ultimately segregate to preferred GB atomic sites to modify the structures of the GBs[13-15].Consequently,GB seg-regation of dopants has gained significant interests,and a funda-mental understanding of the origin of GB segregation phenomena is crucial for the rational design of materials with unprecedented properties.
