Layer pseudospins,exhibiting quantum coherence and precise multistate controllability,present significant potential for the advancement of future computing technologies.In this work,we propose an in-memory probabilist...Layer pseudospins,exhibiting quantum coherence and precise multistate controllability,present significant potential for the advancement of future computing technologies.In this work,we propose an in-memory probabilistic computing scheme based on the electrical manipulation of layer pseudospins in layered materials,by exploiting the interaction between real spins and layer pseudospins.展开更多
Radiochemotherapy-induced oral mucositis(OM)is a common oral complication in patients with tumors following head and neck radiotherapy or chemotherapy.Erosion and ulcers are the main features of OM that seriously affe...Radiochemotherapy-induced oral mucositis(OM)is a common oral complication in patients with tumors following head and neck radiotherapy or chemotherapy.Erosion and ulcers are the main features of OM that seriously affect the quality of life of patients and even the progress of tumor treatment.To date,differences in clinical prevention and treatment plans for OM have been noted among doctors of various specialties,which has increased the uncertainty of treatment effects.On the basis of current research evidence,this expert consensus outlines risk factors,clinical manifestations,clinical grading,ancillary examinations,diagnostic basis,prevention and treatment strategies and efficacy indicators for OM.In addition to strategies such as basic oral care,antiinflammatory and analgesic agents,anti-infective agents,pro-healing agents,and photobiotherapy recommended in previous guidelines,we also emphasize the role of traditional Chinese medicine in OM prevention and treatment.This expert consensus aims to provide references and guidance for dental physicians and oncologists in formulating strategies for OM prevention,diagnosis,and treatment,standardizing clinical practice,reducing OM occurrence,promoting healing,and improving the quality of life of patients.展开更多
Six rearranged nor-diterpenoids with 5/6/6-fused tricyclic system(1–6),and one unprecedented dimer with 5/6/6/6/6/5-fused carbon core(7)were isolated from Strophioblachia glandulosa.Spectroscopic techniques,electroni...Six rearranged nor-diterpenoids with 5/6/6-fused tricyclic system(1–6),and one unprecedented dimer with 5/6/6/6/6/5-fused carbon core(7)were isolated from Strophioblachia glandulosa.Spectroscopic techniques,electronic circular dichroism(ECD),quantum chemical calculations,and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis were used to elucidate their structures.A preliminary bioactivity assay revealed compounds 2 and 3 exhibited potent anti-myocardial hypertrophy effect in vitro by significantly inhibiting the expression levels of atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP)and myosin heavy chain 7(MYH7)proteins.Additionally,mitogen-activated protein kinase 14(Mapk14)may be involved in the regulation of compound3 on cardiac hypertrophic disease by network pharmacology prediction and experimental verification.展开更多
The thaw-freezing transition period is crucial to determine the initial sea ice status prior to the freezing season.The heat and mass balance at ice-ocean interface is the major driving process.In this study,we analyz...The thaw-freezing transition period is crucial to determine the initial sea ice status prior to the freezing season.The heat and mass balance at ice-ocean interface is the major driving process.In this study,we analyze heat fluxes profile through the ice from ice surface down to basal ice-ocean interface using the data measured by 11 thermistor stringbased ice mass balance buoys(IMBs)between September and December 2018 in the Pacific sector of Arctic Ocean.The conductive heat fluxes gradually decreased from surface downward through the lower ice layers due to the thermal inertia and energy storage in the brine pockets.At the ice bottom,the oceanic heat flux decreased from(5.9±1.3)W/m^(2)in mid-September to(1.8±0.8)W/m^(2)by the end of December in response to the decreasing of available absorbed solar radiation regulated by the latitude and sea ice concentration.The initial ice thicknesses can explain the onset of ice basal growth by 44.8%(R^(2)).From 15 September to the average onset of ice basal growth by 13 November,the accumulated heat fluxes released from the ice surface to the atmosphere,caused by the cooling of the ice layer,and from the ocean to the ice bottom were estimated as 25.73 MJ/m^(2),6.49 MJ/m^(2),and 20.30 MJ/m^(2),respectively.The latter two components mainly play the roles in buffering the onset of ice basal growth.展开更多
Electrically tunable homojunctions based on ambipolar two-dimensional materials have attracted widespread attention in the field of intelligent vision.These devices exhibit inherent switchable positive and negative ph...Electrically tunable homojunctions based on ambipolar two-dimensional materials have attracted widespread attention in the field of intelligent vision.These devices exhibit inherent switchable positive and negative photovoltaic properties that effectively mimic the behavior of human retinal cells.However,the photovoltaic responsivity of most electrically tunable homojunctions remains significantly low due to the weak light absorption,making it challenging to meet the application requirements for high-sensitivity target detection in the field of intelligent vision.Here,we propose a gate-tunable photodiode based on two-dimensional ambipolar WSe_(2)with an asymmetric gate electrode,achieving high photovoltaic responsivity.By adjusting the gate voltage and keeping bias voltage zero,we can dynamically realize reconfigurable n-–p and n-–n homojunction states,as well as gate-tunable photovoltaic response characteristics that range from positive to negative.The maximum photovoltaic responsivity of the electrically tunable WSe_(2)homojunction is approximately 0.4 A/W,which is significantly larger than the previously reported value~0.1 A/W in homojunction devices.In addition,the responsivity can be further enhanced to approximately 1.0 A/W when the n-–p photodiode operates in reverse bias mode,enabling highsensitivity detection of targets.Our work paves the way for developing gate-tunable photodiodes with high photovoltaic responsivity and advancing high-performance intelligent vision technology.展开更多
Icing can significantly change the geometric parameters of wind turbine blades,which in turn,can reduce the aerodynamic characteristics of the airfoil.In-depth research is conducted in this study to identify the reaso...Icing can significantly change the geometric parameters of wind turbine blades,which in turn,can reduce the aerodynamic characteristics of the airfoil.In-depth research is conducted in this study to identify the reasons for the decline of wind power equipment performance through the icing process.An accurate experimental test method is proposed in a natural environment that examines the growth and distribution of ice formation over the airfoil profile.The mathematical models of the airfoil chord length,camber,and thickness are established in order to investigate the variation of geometric airfoil parameters under different icing states.The results show that ice accumulation varies considerably along the blade span.By environmental temperature drop,the minimum and maximum extents of ice accumulation are observed near the blade root(0.2 R)and the blade tip(0.95 R),respectively(R represents the blade length).The icing process steadily increases the chord length and decreases the airfoil curvature,reaching the largest value at the blade tip region.Furthermore,the maximum curvature is reduced to 41.50%of the original curvature.The maximum camber position of the airfoil moves towards the trailing edge,and the most prominent position occurs at the middle blade region(0.6 R),where it moves back by 19.43%.Ice accumulation steadily increases airfoil thickness.It leads to the maximum thickness growth of 53.40%that occurs at the blade tip region and moves forward to the leading edge by 10%.The research results can provide the required theoretical support for further monitoring the blades operating conditions to ensure reliable wind turbines’operation.展开更多
With the continuous increase in the proportional use of wind energy across the globe,the reduction of power generation efficiency and safety hazards caused by the icing on wind turbine blades have attracted more consi...With the continuous increase in the proportional use of wind energy across the globe,the reduction of power generation efficiency and safety hazards caused by the icing on wind turbine blades have attracted more consideration for research.Therefore,it is crucial to accurately analyze the thickness of icing on wind turbine blades,which can serve as a basis for formulating corresponding control measures and ensure a safe and stable operation of wind turbines in winter times and/or in high altitude areas.This paper fully utilized the advantages of the support vector machine(SVM)and back-propagation neural network(BPNN),with the incorporation of particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithms to optimize the parameters of the SVM.The paper proposes a hybrid assessment model of PSO-SVM and BPNN based on dynamic weighting rules.Three sets of icing data under a rotating working state of the wind turbine were used as examples for model verification.Based on a comparative analysis with other models,the results showed that the proposed model has better accuracy and stability in analyzing the icing on wind turbine blades.展开更多
Sorghum(Sorghum bicolor(L.)Moench)is a world cereal crop used in China for producing Baijiu,a distilled spirit.We report a telomere-to-telomere genome assembly of the Baijiu cultivar Hongyingzi,HYZ-T2T,using ultralong...Sorghum(Sorghum bicolor(L.)Moench)is a world cereal crop used in China for producing Baijiu,a distilled spirit.We report a telomere-to-telomere genome assembly of the Baijiu cultivar Hongyingzi,HYZ-T2T,using ultralong reads.The 10 chromosome pairs contained 33,462 genes,of which 93%were functionally annotated.The 20 telomeres and 10 centromeric regions on the HYZ-T2T chromosomes were predicted and two consecutive large inversions on chromosome 2 were characterized.A 65-gene reconstruction of the metabolic pathway of tannins,the flavor substances in Baijiu,was performed and may advance the breeding of sorghum cultivars for Baijiu production.展开更多
Microwave brightness temperature(TB)can be used to retrieve lake ice thickness in the Arctic and subarctic regions.However,the accuracy of the retrieval is affected by the physical properties of lake ice.To improve th...Microwave brightness temperature(TB)can be used to retrieve lake ice thickness in the Arctic and subarctic regions.However,the accuracy of the retrieval is affected by the physical properties of lake ice.To improve the understanding of how lake ice affects TB,numerical modeling was applied.This study combined a physical thermodynamic ice model HIGHTSI with a microwave radiation transfer model SMRT to simulate the TB and lake ice evolution in 2002-2011 in Hulun Lake,China.The reanalyzed meteorological data were used as atmospheric forcing.The ice season was divided into the growth period,the slow growth period,and the ablation period.The simulations revealed that TB was highly sensitive to ice thickness during the ice season,especially vertical polarization measurement at 18.7 GHz.The quadratic polynomial fit for ice thickness to TB outperformed the linear fit,regardless of whether lake ice contained bubbles or not.A comparison of the simulated TB with space-borne TB showed that the simulated TB had the best accuracy during the slow growth period,with a minimum RMSE of 4.6 K.The results were influenced by the bubble radius and salinity.These findings enhance comprehension of the interaction between lake ice properties(including ice thickness,bubbles,and salinity)and TB during ice seasons,offering insights to sea ice in the Arctic and subarctic freshwater observations.展开更多
Metabolic heterogeneity plays a central role in sustaining uncontrolled cancer cell proliferation and shaping the tumor microenvironment(TME),which significantly compromises the clinical outcomes and responses to ther...Metabolic heterogeneity plays a central role in sustaining uncontrolled cancer cell proliferation and shaping the tumor microenvironment(TME),which significantly compromises the clinical outcomes and responses to therapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC)patients.This highlights the urgent need to delineate the intrinsic heterogeneity and biological roles of metabolic vulnerabilities to advance precision oncology.The metabolic heterogeneity of malignant cells was identified using single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)profiles and validated through bulk transcriptomes.Serine–glycine-one-carbon(SGOC)metabolism was screened out to be responsible for the aggressive malignant properties and poor prognosis in HNSCC patients.A 4-SGOC gene prognostic signature,constructed by LASSO-COX regression analysis,demonstrated good predictive performance for overall survival and therapeutic responses.Patients in the low-risk group exhibited greater infiltration of exhausted CD8+T cells,and demonstrated better clinical outcomes after receiving immunotherapy and chemotherapy.Conversely,high-risk patients exhibited characteristics of cold tumors,with enhanced IMPDH1-mediated purine biosynthesis,resulting in poor responses to current therapies.IMPDH1 emerged as a potential therapeutic metabolic target.Treatment with IMPDH inhibitors effectively suppressed HNSCC cell proliferation and metastasis and induced apoptosis in vitro and in vivo by triggering GTP-exhaustion nucleolar stress.Our findings underscore the metabolic vulnerabilities of HNSCC in facilitating accurate patient stratification and individualized precise metabolic-targeted treatment.展开更多
InSe has emerged as a promising candidate for next-generation electronics due to its predicted ultrahigh electrical performance.However,the efficacy of the InSe transistor in meeting application requirements is hinder...InSe has emerged as a promising candidate for next-generation electronics due to its predicted ultrahigh electrical performance.However,the efficacy of the InSe transistor in meeting application requirements is hindered due to its sensitivity to interfaces.In this study,we have achieved notable enhancement in the electrical performance of InSe transistors through interface engineering.We engineered an InSe/h-BN heterostructure,effectively suppressing dielectric layer-induced scattering.Additionally,we successfully established excellent metal-semiconductor contacts using graphene ribbons as a buffer layer.Through a methodical approach to interface engineering,our graphene/InSe/h-BN transistor demonstrates impressive on-state current,field-effect mobility,and on/off ratio at room temperature,reaching values as high as 1.1 mA/μm,904 cm^(2)·V^(-1)·s^(-1),and>10~6,respectively.Theoretical computations corroborate that the graphene/InSe heterostructure shows significant interlayer charge transfer and weak interlayer interaction,contributing to the enhanced performance of InSe transistors.This research offers a comprehensive strategy to elevate the electrical performance of InSe transistors,paving the way for their utilization in future electronic applications.展开更多
Distributed matrix-scaled consensus is a kind of generalized cooperative control problem and has broad applications in the field of social network and engineering.This paper addresses the robust distributed matrix-sca...Distributed matrix-scaled consensus is a kind of generalized cooperative control problem and has broad applications in the field of social network and engineering.This paper addresses the robust distributed matrix-scaled consensus of perturbed multi-agent systems suffering from unknown disturbances.Distributed discontinuous protocols are first proposed to drive agents to achieve cluster consensus and suppress the effect of disturbances.Adaptive protocols with time-varying gains obeying differential equations are also designed,which are completely distributed and rely on no global information.Using the boundary layer technique,smooth protocols are proposed to avoid the unexpected chattering effect due to discontinuous functions.As a cost,under the designed smooth protocols,the defined matrix-scaled consensus error tends to a residual set rather than zero,in which the residual bound is arbitrary small by choosing proper parameters.Moreover,distributed dynamic event-based matrix-scalar consensus controllers are also proposed to avoid continuous communications.Simulation examples are provided to further verify the designed algorithms.展开更多
Mechanical strain can induce noteworthy structural and electronic changes in vanadium dioxide, imparting substantial scientific importance to both the exploration of phase transitions and the development of potential ...Mechanical strain can induce noteworthy structural and electronic changes in vanadium dioxide, imparting substantial scientific importance to both the exploration of phase transitions and the development of potential technological applications. Unlike the traditional rutile(R) phase, bronze-phase vanadium dioxide [VO_(2)(B)] exhibits an in-plane anisotropic structure. When subjected to stretching along distinct crystallographic axes, VO_(2)(B) may further manifest the axial dependence in lattice–electron interactions, which is beneficial for gaining insights into the anisotropy of electronic transport.Here, we report an anisotropic room-temperature metal–insulator transition in single-crystal VO_(2)(B) by applying in-situ uniaxial tensile strain. This material exhibits significantly different electromechanical responses along two anisotropic axes.We reveal that such an anisotropic electromechanical response mainly arises from the preferential arrangement of a straininduced unidirectional stripe state in the conductive channel. This insulating stripe state could be attributed to the in-plane dimerization within the distorted zigzag chains of vanadium atoms, evidenced by strain-modulated Raman spectra. Our work may open up a promising avenue for exploiting the anisotropy of metal–insulator transition in vanadium dioxide for potential technological applications.展开更多
Detecting tiny deformations or vibrations, particularly those associated with strains below 1%, is essential in various technological applications. Traditional intrinsic materials, including metals and semiconductors,...Detecting tiny deformations or vibrations, particularly those associated with strains below 1%, is essential in various technological applications. Traditional intrinsic materials, including metals and semiconductors, face challenges in simultaneously achieving initial metallic state and strain-induced insulating state, hindering the development of highly sensitive mechanical sensors. Here we report an ultrasensitive mechanical sensor based on a strain-induced tunable ordered array of metallic and insulating states in the single-crystal bronze-phase vanadium dioxide [VO_(2)(B)] quantum material. It is shown that the initial metallic state in the VO_(2)(B) flake can be tuned to the insulating state by applying a weak uniaxial tensile strain. Such a unique property gives rise to a record-high gauge factor of above 607970, surpassing previous values by an order of magnitude, with excellent linearity and mechanical resilience as well as durability. As a proof-of-concept application, we use our proposed mechanical sensor to demonstrate precise sensing of the micro piece, gentle airflows and water droplets. We attribute the superior performance of the sensor to the strain-induced continuous metal-insulator transition in the single-crystal VO_(2)(B) flake, evidenced by experimental and simulation results. Our findings highlight the potential of exploiting correlated quantum materials for next-generation ultrasensitive flexible mechanical sensors, addressing critical limitations in traditional materials.展开更多
Sustainable monitoring of sea ice is crucial for better understanding air-ice-ocean interactions and identifying new processes.However,it is an expensive process particularly for the polar cryosphere environment.The s...Sustainable monitoring of sea ice is crucial for better understanding air-ice-ocean interactions and identifying new processes.However,it is an expensive process particularly for the polar cryosphere environment.The seasonal ice-covered sea area can be used as a test bed for cryosphere-related process studies due to convenient access and conduction of field work,and the seasonal regime variation of the Arctic sea ice resulting from climate changes.In this paper,a small landfast sea ice monitoring program has been carried out for four consecutive seasons at Jiangjunshi Port,the Bohai Sea,North China,analyzing the temperature and salinity of air,ice and ocean and discussing the influence on mechanical properties.The effect of air temperature on sea ice temperature is focused.During low-temperature periods,the maximum correlation coefficient between air temperature and ice temperature,along with temperature fluctuation within ice,decreases as ice depth increases.Ice salinity was measured using ice core sampling and ice crumb sampling,with ice crumb salinity twice larger compared to ice core sampling when the ice temperature is−3℃.Ice salinity variations with ice temperature and the salinity profiles were fitted.Analysis of the profiles of under-ice seawater salinity reveals the presence of a high-salinity layer near the bottom of sea ice during the initial stage of sea ice growth.Based on the dynamic changes in sea ice temperature and sea ice salinity,this study evaluates the mechanical properties of sea ice,with the fitting determination coefficients of the obtained parameterized formulas significantly better than those reported in current research.展开更多
The study of Arctic sea ice has traditionally been focused on large-scale such as reductions of ice coverage,thickness,volumes and sea ice regime shift.Research has primarily concentrated on the impact of large-scale ...The study of Arctic sea ice has traditionally been focused on large-scale such as reductions of ice coverage,thickness,volumes and sea ice regime shift.Research has primarily concentrated on the impact of large-scale external factors such as atmospheric and oceanic circulations,and solar radiation.Additionally,Arctic sea ice also undergoes rapid micro-scale evolution such as gas bubbles formation,brine pockets migration and massive formation of surface scattering layer.Field studies like CHINARE(2008-2018)and MOSAiC(2019-2020)have confirmed these observations,yet the full understanding of those changes remain insufficient and superficial.In order to cope better with the rapidly changing Arctic Ocean,this study reviews the recent advances in the microstructure of Arctic sea ice in both field observations and laboratory experiments,and looks forward to the future objectives on the microscale processes of sea ice.The significant porosity and the cyclical annual and seasonal shifts likely modify the ice's thermal,optical,and mechanical characteristics,impacting its energy dynamics and mass balance.Current thermodynamic models,both single-phase and dual-phase,fail to accurately capture these microstructural changes in sea ice,leading to uncertainties in the results.The discrepancy between model predictions and actual observations strongly motivates the parameterization on the evolution in ice microstructure and development of next-generation sea ice models,accounting for changes in ice crystals,brine pockets,and gas bubbles under the background of global warming.It helps to finally achieve a thorough comprehension of Arctic sea ice changes,encompassing both macro and micro perspectives,as well as externaland internal factors.展开更多
One of the factors for the evaluation of the space environment is the comfort of outdoor activities spaces in urban parks. The space composed of different landscape elements has different microclimate environment. In ...One of the factors for the evaluation of the space environment is the comfort of outdoor activities spaces in urban parks. The space composed of different landscape elements has different microclimate environment. In this paper, in order to evaluate the role of thermal comfort in influencing resident’s assessment of the outdoor space and activities of the park, a thermal comfort survey was conducted on the outdoor open space of Mianyang Urban Park in summer. In this article, meteorological surveys, questionnaire surveys and observation of park attendance are selected to collect data. The physiological equivalent temperature (PET) assessment was selected as the index to evaluate resident’s thermal comfort level, and the comprehensive evaluation and analysis of the spatial thermal environment of different outdoor landscape elements in the park. The overall comfort of current visitors is mainly influenced by their subjective heat perception voting (TSV). In this article, we focus on providing microclimate adjustment considerations for urban park landscape design, and may help people understand the outdoor thermal comfort of Mianyang in summer, increase the using time of outdoor activities, and promote the use of outdoor space.展开更多
With regard to the rapid growth of China’s building area and the increasing energy consumption of buildings, green buildings have become an important issue for balancing economic development and environmental impact....With regard to the rapid growth of China’s building area and the increasing energy consumption of buildings, green buildings have become an important issue for balancing economic development and environmental impact. However, the current evaluation systems for various types of green buildings are often unable to achieve a set of standards in practice due to the distinct regional characteristics of each region. Therefore, in view of the regional characteristics of the climate, terrain, ecology, and economic development in the cold regions of Sichuan, it is important to study the evaluation system of green residential buildings suitable for the cold regions of Sichuan. This article focuses on the regional characteristics of climate, topography, ecology, and economic development in the cold regions of Sichuan, and discusses the limitations of the current standards on the practice of green building in cold regions of Sichuan through a sociological questionnaire survey on the comfort of living in the local population. Then from the two dimensions of the advantages of traditional houses and the particularity of national culture, the strategies for the optimization and improvement of the evaluation index system for green residential buildings in the cold regions of Sichuan were proposed. After comprehensively considering the factors that affect the green residential buildings, including the regional characteristics of the cold regions of Sichuan, and the green performance of buildings, local characteristics and ethnic features were included in the evaluation system. The evaluation index system of green residential buildings in the cold regions of Sichuan, consists of 92 three-level indicators. A professional hierarchical analysis software yaahp was used to establish a multi-level hierarchical model between the indicators, and the indicators were compared with each other layer by layer to clarify the importance of the indicators. Based on this, a judgment matrix for each layer was constructed and obtained. The weight of each indicator is accurate, and the scoring mechanism and grading standards are constructed according to it. Through the calculation, the consistency test of the entire model was passed, thereby confirming the scientificity and rationality of the entire evaluation system.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12322407,62122036,and 62034004)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20233001)+5 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2023YFF0718400 and 2023YFF1203600)the Leading-edge Technology Program of Jiangsu Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.BK20232004)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB44000000)Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technologysupport from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant Nos.020414380227,020414380240,and 020414380242)the e-Science Center of Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures。
文摘Layer pseudospins,exhibiting quantum coherence and precise multistate controllability,present significant potential for the advancement of future computing technologies.In this work,we propose an in-memory probabilistic computing scheme based on the electrical manipulation of layer pseudospins in layered materials,by exploiting the interaction between real spins and layer pseudospins.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U23A20445)the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou(202206080009)。
文摘Radiochemotherapy-induced oral mucositis(OM)is a common oral complication in patients with tumors following head and neck radiotherapy or chemotherapy.Erosion and ulcers are the main features of OM that seriously affect the quality of life of patients and even the progress of tumor treatment.To date,differences in clinical prevention and treatment plans for OM have been noted among doctors of various specialties,which has increased the uncertainty of treatment effects.On the basis of current research evidence,this expert consensus outlines risk factors,clinical manifestations,clinical grading,ancillary examinations,diagnostic basis,prevention and treatment strategies and efficacy indicators for OM.In addition to strategies such as basic oral care,antiinflammatory and analgesic agents,anti-infective agents,pro-healing agents,and photobiotherapy recommended in previous guidelines,we also emphasize the role of traditional Chinese medicine in OM prevention and treatment.This expert consensus aims to provide references and guidance for dental physicians and oncologists in formulating strategies for OM prevention,diagnosis,and treatment,standardizing clinical practice,reducing OM occurrence,promoting healing,and improving the quality of life of patients.
基金supported financially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82260682,22477108,81960662,82200550)the Project of Yunnan Characteristic Plant Screening and R&D Service CXO Platform(No.2022YKZY001)+9 种基金the Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department(Nos.202101AT070154,202301AT0–70270 and 202401AY070001–303)the Scientific Research Fund Project of Yunnan Provincial Department of Education(No.2023Y0–797)the Program Innovative Research Team in Science and Technology in Kunming Medical University(No.CXTD202202)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(No.IRT-17R94)the Project of Innovative Research Team of Yunnan Province(No.202005AE160005)the Open Research Foundation of Yunnan Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides in Yunnan Province(No.HXDT-2022–1)a grant(No.2023KF007)from YNCUBFirst-Class Discipline Team of Kunming Medical University(No.2024XKTDPY12)Yunnan Revitalization Talent Support Programthe Yun Ling Scholar Project to W.-L.Xiao。
文摘Six rearranged nor-diterpenoids with 5/6/6-fused tricyclic system(1–6),and one unprecedented dimer with 5/6/6/6/6/5-fused carbon core(7)were isolated from Strophioblachia glandulosa.Spectroscopic techniques,electronic circular dichroism(ECD),quantum chemical calculations,and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis were used to elucidate their structures.A preliminary bioactivity assay revealed compounds 2 and 3 exhibited potent anti-myocardial hypertrophy effect in vitro by significantly inhibiting the expression levels of atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP)and myosin heavy chain 7(MYH7)proteins.Additionally,mitogen-activated protein kinase 14(Mapk14)may be involved in the regulation of compound3 on cardiac hypertrophic disease by network pharmacology prediction and experimental verification.
基金The National Key Research and Development Program of China under contract No.2021YFC2803300the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.42325604+1 种基金the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China under contract No.CBG2N21-2-1Program of Shanghai Academic/Technology Research Leader under contract No.22XD1403600.
文摘The thaw-freezing transition period is crucial to determine the initial sea ice status prior to the freezing season.The heat and mass balance at ice-ocean interface is the major driving process.In this study,we analyze heat fluxes profile through the ice from ice surface down to basal ice-ocean interface using the data measured by 11 thermistor stringbased ice mass balance buoys(IMBs)between September and December 2018 in the Pacific sector of Arctic Ocean.The conductive heat fluxes gradually decreased from surface downward through the lower ice layers due to the thermal inertia and energy storage in the brine pockets.At the ice bottom,the oceanic heat flux decreased from(5.9±1.3)W/m^(2)in mid-September to(1.8±0.8)W/m^(2)by the end of December in response to the decreasing of available absorbed solar radiation regulated by the latitude and sea ice concentration.The initial ice thicknesses can explain the onset of ice basal growth by 44.8%(R^(2)).From 15 September to the average onset of ice basal growth by 13 November,the accumulated heat fluxes released from the ice surface to the atmosphere,caused by the cooling of the ice layer,and from the ocean to the ice bottom were estimated as 25.73 MJ/m^(2),6.49 MJ/m^(2),and 20.30 MJ/m^(2),respectively.The latter two components mainly play the roles in buffering the onset of ice basal growth.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62375131,62204119,62122036,and 62304104)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20220947)the Funding of NJUST(Grant No.TSXK2022D008)。
文摘Electrically tunable homojunctions based on ambipolar two-dimensional materials have attracted widespread attention in the field of intelligent vision.These devices exhibit inherent switchable positive and negative photovoltaic properties that effectively mimic the behavior of human retinal cells.However,the photovoltaic responsivity of most electrically tunable homojunctions remains significantly low due to the weak light absorption,making it challenging to meet the application requirements for high-sensitivity target detection in the field of intelligent vision.Here,we propose a gate-tunable photodiode based on two-dimensional ambipolar WSe_(2)with an asymmetric gate electrode,achieving high photovoltaic responsivity.By adjusting the gate voltage and keeping bias voltage zero,we can dynamically realize reconfigurable n-–p and n-–n homojunction states,as well as gate-tunable photovoltaic response characteristics that range from positive to negative.The maximum photovoltaic responsivity of the electrically tunable WSe_(2)homojunction is approximately 0.4 A/W,which is significantly larger than the previously reported value~0.1 A/W in homojunction devices.In addition,the responsivity can be further enhanced to approximately 1.0 A/W when the n-–p photodiode operates in reverse bias mode,enabling highsensitivity detection of targets.Our work paves the way for developing gate-tunable photodiodes with high photovoltaic responsivity and advancing high-performance intelligent vision technology.
基金supported by a grant of National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant No.51665052.
文摘Icing can significantly change the geometric parameters of wind turbine blades,which in turn,can reduce the aerodynamic characteristics of the airfoil.In-depth research is conducted in this study to identify the reasons for the decline of wind power equipment performance through the icing process.An accurate experimental test method is proposed in a natural environment that examines the growth and distribution of ice formation over the airfoil profile.The mathematical models of the airfoil chord length,camber,and thickness are established in order to investigate the variation of geometric airfoil parameters under different icing states.The results show that ice accumulation varies considerably along the blade span.By environmental temperature drop,the minimum and maximum extents of ice accumulation are observed near the blade root(0.2 R)and the blade tip(0.95 R),respectively(R represents the blade length).The icing process steadily increases the chord length and decreases the airfoil curvature,reaching the largest value at the blade tip region.Furthermore,the maximum curvature is reduced to 41.50%of the original curvature.The maximum camber position of the airfoil moves towards the trailing edge,and the most prominent position occurs at the middle blade region(0.6 R),where it moves back by 19.43%.Ice accumulation steadily increases airfoil thickness.It leads to the maximum thickness growth of 53.40%that occurs at the blade tip region and moves forward to the leading edge by 10%.The research results can provide the required theoretical support for further monitoring the blades operating conditions to ensure reliable wind turbines’operation.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Project No.51665052).
文摘With the continuous increase in the proportional use of wind energy across the globe,the reduction of power generation efficiency and safety hazards caused by the icing on wind turbine blades have attracted more consideration for research.Therefore,it is crucial to accurately analyze the thickness of icing on wind turbine blades,which can serve as a basis for formulating corresponding control measures and ensure a safe and stable operation of wind turbines in winter times and/or in high altitude areas.This paper fully utilized the advantages of the support vector machine(SVM)and back-propagation neural network(BPNN),with the incorporation of particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithms to optimize the parameters of the SVM.The paper proposes a hybrid assessment model of PSO-SVM and BPNN based on dynamic weighting rules.Three sets of icing data under a rotating working state of the wind turbine were used as examples for model verification.Based on a comparative analysis with other models,the results showed that the proposed model has better accuracy and stability in analyzing the icing on wind turbine blades.
基金supported by the Scientific Research Project of Kweichow Moutai Liquor Co.,Ltd.(MTGF2023007)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32160459,32172036)+2 种基金the Guizhou Natural Science Foundation of China(QKHJC[2023]YB169)the Innovation Capacity Building Project of Guizhou Scientific Institutions(QKFQ[2022]007])the Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences Project(Guizhou Agricultural Germplasm Resources(2023)06)。
文摘Sorghum(Sorghum bicolor(L.)Moench)is a world cereal crop used in China for producing Baijiu,a distilled spirit.We report a telomere-to-telomere genome assembly of the Baijiu cultivar Hongyingzi,HYZ-T2T,using ultralong reads.The 10 chromosome pairs contained 33,462 genes,of which 93%were functionally annotated.The 20 telomeres and 10 centromeric regions on the HYZ-T2T chromosomes were predicted and two consecutive large inversions on chromosome 2 were characterized.A 65-gene reconstruction of the metabolic pathway of tannins,the flavor substances in Baijiu,was performed and may advance the breeding of sorghum cultivars for Baijiu production.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project(Grant no.2022ZD0117202)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant no.42101389)CAS President's International Fellowship Initiative(Grant no.2021VTA0007).
文摘Microwave brightness temperature(TB)can be used to retrieve lake ice thickness in the Arctic and subarctic regions.However,the accuracy of the retrieval is affected by the physical properties of lake ice.To improve the understanding of how lake ice affects TB,numerical modeling was applied.This study combined a physical thermodynamic ice model HIGHTSI with a microwave radiation transfer model SMRT to simulate the TB and lake ice evolution in 2002-2011 in Hulun Lake,China.The reanalyzed meteorological data were used as atmospheric forcing.The ice season was divided into the growth period,the slow growth period,and the ablation period.The simulations revealed that TB was highly sensitive to ice thickness during the ice season,especially vertical polarization measurement at 18.7 GHz.The quadratic polynomial fit for ice thickness to TB outperformed the linear fit,regardless of whether lake ice contained bubbles or not.A comparison of the simulated TB with space-borne TB showed that the simulated TB had the best accuracy during the slow growth period,with a minimum RMSE of 4.6 K.The results were influenced by the bubble radius and salinity.These findings enhance comprehension of the interaction between lake ice properties(including ice thickness,bubbles,and salinity)and TB during ice seasons,offering insights to sea ice in the Arctic and subarctic freshwater observations.
基金supported by grants from the GuangDong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2023A1515030121,No.2021A1515111020,No.2023A1515010246)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82273148,No.82103555,No.82301086)the Science and Technology Projects in Guangzhou(No.202206080009)。
文摘Metabolic heterogeneity plays a central role in sustaining uncontrolled cancer cell proliferation and shaping the tumor microenvironment(TME),which significantly compromises the clinical outcomes and responses to therapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC)patients.This highlights the urgent need to delineate the intrinsic heterogeneity and biological roles of metabolic vulnerabilities to advance precision oncology.The metabolic heterogeneity of malignant cells was identified using single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)profiles and validated through bulk transcriptomes.Serine–glycine-one-carbon(SGOC)metabolism was screened out to be responsible for the aggressive malignant properties and poor prognosis in HNSCC patients.A 4-SGOC gene prognostic signature,constructed by LASSO-COX regression analysis,demonstrated good predictive performance for overall survival and therapeutic responses.Patients in the low-risk group exhibited greater infiltration of exhausted CD8+T cells,and demonstrated better clinical outcomes after receiving immunotherapy and chemotherapy.Conversely,high-risk patients exhibited characteristics of cold tumors,with enhanced IMPDH1-mediated purine biosynthesis,resulting in poor responses to current therapies.IMPDH1 emerged as a potential therapeutic metabolic target.Treatment with IMPDH inhibitors effectively suppressed HNSCC cell proliferation and metastasis and induced apoptosis in vitro and in vivo by triggering GTP-exhaustion nucleolar stress.Our findings underscore the metabolic vulnerabilities of HNSCC in facilitating accurate patient stratification and individualized precise metabolic-targeted treatment.
基金the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.62204030)supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.62122036,62034004,61921005,61974176,and 12074176)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No.XDB44000000)。
文摘InSe has emerged as a promising candidate for next-generation electronics due to its predicted ultrahigh electrical performance.However,the efficacy of the InSe transistor in meeting application requirements is hindered due to its sensitivity to interfaces.In this study,we have achieved notable enhancement in the electrical performance of InSe transistors through interface engineering.We engineered an InSe/h-BN heterostructure,effectively suppressing dielectric layer-induced scattering.Additionally,we successfully established excellent metal-semiconductor contacts using graphene ribbons as a buffer layer.Through a methodical approach to interface engineering,our graphene/InSe/h-BN transistor demonstrates impressive on-state current,field-effect mobility,and on/off ratio at room temperature,reaching values as high as 1.1 mA/μm,904 cm^(2)·V^(-1)·s^(-1),and>10~6,respectively.Theoretical computations corroborate that the graphene/InSe heterostructure shows significant interlayer charge transfer and weak interlayer interaction,contributing to the enhanced performance of InSe transistors.This research offers a comprehensive strategy to elevate the electrical performance of InSe transistors,paving the way for their utilization in future electronic applications.
基金supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2020AAA0108905)by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62103302,62273262,62088101)+7 种基金by the Shanghai Sailing Program(No.21YF1450300)by the Shanghai Chenguang Program(No.22CGA19)by the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(No.2021SHZDZX0100)by the Shanghai Science and Technology Planning Project(Nos.21ZR1466400,22QA1408500)by the Shanghai Municipal Commission of Science and Technology Project(No.19511132101)by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2022-5-YB-05)by the Industry,Education and Research Innovation Foundation of Chinese University(Nos.2021ZYA02008,2021ZYA03004)by the Special Fund for Independent Innovation of Aero Engine Corporation of China(No.ZZCX-2021-007).
文摘Distributed matrix-scaled consensus is a kind of generalized cooperative control problem and has broad applications in the field of social network and engineering.This paper addresses the robust distributed matrix-scaled consensus of perturbed multi-agent systems suffering from unknown disturbances.Distributed discontinuous protocols are first proposed to drive agents to achieve cluster consensus and suppress the effect of disturbances.Adaptive protocols with time-varying gains obeying differential equations are also designed,which are completely distributed and rely on no global information.Using the boundary layer technique,smooth protocols are proposed to avoid the unexpected chattering effect due to discontinuous functions.As a cost,under the designed smooth protocols,the defined matrix-scaled consensus error tends to a residual set rather than zero,in which the residual bound is arbitrary small by choosing proper parameters.Moreover,distributed dynamic event-based matrix-scalar consensus controllers are also proposed to avoid continuous communications.Simulation examples are provided to further verify the designed algorithms.
基金Project supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2023YFF1203600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 62122036, 62034004, 12322407, 61921005, and 12074176)+1 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDB44000000)supported by the program for Outstanding Ph D Candidates of Nanjing University。
文摘Mechanical strain can induce noteworthy structural and electronic changes in vanadium dioxide, imparting substantial scientific importance to both the exploration of phase transitions and the development of potential technological applications. Unlike the traditional rutile(R) phase, bronze-phase vanadium dioxide [VO_(2)(B)] exhibits an in-plane anisotropic structure. When subjected to stretching along distinct crystallographic axes, VO_(2)(B) may further manifest the axial dependence in lattice–electron interactions, which is beneficial for gaining insights into the anisotropy of electronic transport.Here, we report an anisotropic room-temperature metal–insulator transition in single-crystal VO_(2)(B) by applying in-situ uniaxial tensile strain. This material exhibits significantly different electromechanical responses along two anisotropic axes.We reveal that such an anisotropic electromechanical response mainly arises from the preferential arrangement of a straininduced unidirectional stripe state in the conductive channel. This insulating stripe state could be attributed to the in-plane dimerization within the distorted zigzag chains of vanadium atoms, evidenced by strain-modulated Raman spectra. Our work may open up a promising avenue for exploiting the anisotropy of metal–insulator transition in vanadium dioxide for potential technological applications.
基金supported in part by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant Nos.2023YFF1203600 and 2023YFF0718400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.62122036,12322407,62034004,61921005,and 12074176)+2 种基金the Leading-edge Technology Program of Jiangsu Natural Science Foundation (Grant No.BK20232004)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No.XDB44000000)support from the AIQ Foundation and the eScience Center of Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures。
文摘Detecting tiny deformations or vibrations, particularly those associated with strains below 1%, is essential in various technological applications. Traditional intrinsic materials, including metals and semiconductors, face challenges in simultaneously achieving initial metallic state and strain-induced insulating state, hindering the development of highly sensitive mechanical sensors. Here we report an ultrasensitive mechanical sensor based on a strain-induced tunable ordered array of metallic and insulating states in the single-crystal bronze-phase vanadium dioxide [VO_(2)(B)] quantum material. It is shown that the initial metallic state in the VO_(2)(B) flake can be tuned to the insulating state by applying a weak uniaxial tensile strain. Such a unique property gives rise to a record-high gauge factor of above 607970, surpassing previous values by an order of magnitude, with excellent linearity and mechanical resilience as well as durability. As a proof-of-concept application, we use our proposed mechanical sensor to demonstrate precise sensing of the micro piece, gentle airflows and water droplets. We attribute the superior performance of the sensor to the strain-induced continuous metal-insulator transition in the single-crystal VO_(2)(B) flake, evidenced by experimental and simulation results. Our findings highlight the potential of exploiting correlated quantum materials for next-generation ultrasensitive flexible mechanical sensors, addressing critical limitations in traditional materials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant nos.42206221 and 42077445)Academy of Finland under contract 31799.
文摘Sustainable monitoring of sea ice is crucial for better understanding air-ice-ocean interactions and identifying new processes.However,it is an expensive process particularly for the polar cryosphere environment.The seasonal ice-covered sea area can be used as a test bed for cryosphere-related process studies due to convenient access and conduction of field work,and the seasonal regime variation of the Arctic sea ice resulting from climate changes.In this paper,a small landfast sea ice monitoring program has been carried out for four consecutive seasons at Jiangjunshi Port,the Bohai Sea,North China,analyzing the temperature and salinity of air,ice and ocean and discussing the influence on mechanical properties.The effect of air temperature on sea ice temperature is focused.During low-temperature periods,the maximum correlation coefficient between air temperature and ice temperature,along with temperature fluctuation within ice,decreases as ice depth increases.Ice salinity was measured using ice core sampling and ice crumb sampling,with ice crumb salinity twice larger compared to ice core sampling when the ice temperature is−3℃.Ice salinity variations with ice temperature and the salinity profiles were fitted.Analysis of the profiles of under-ice seawater salinity reveals the presence of a high-salinity layer near the bottom of sea ice during the initial stage of sea ice growth.Based on the dynamic changes in sea ice temperature and sea ice salinity,this study evaluates the mechanical properties of sea ice,with the fitting determination coefficients of the obtained parameterized formulas significantly better than those reported in current research.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant nos.42320104004 and 42276242)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant no.2023YFC2809102).
文摘The study of Arctic sea ice has traditionally been focused on large-scale such as reductions of ice coverage,thickness,volumes and sea ice regime shift.Research has primarily concentrated on the impact of large-scale external factors such as atmospheric and oceanic circulations,and solar radiation.Additionally,Arctic sea ice also undergoes rapid micro-scale evolution such as gas bubbles formation,brine pockets migration and massive formation of surface scattering layer.Field studies like CHINARE(2008-2018)and MOSAiC(2019-2020)have confirmed these observations,yet the full understanding of those changes remain insufficient and superficial.In order to cope better with the rapidly changing Arctic Ocean,this study reviews the recent advances in the microstructure of Arctic sea ice in both field observations and laboratory experiments,and looks forward to the future objectives on the microscale processes of sea ice.The significant porosity and the cyclical annual and seasonal shifts likely modify the ice's thermal,optical,and mechanical characteristics,impacting its energy dynamics and mass balance.Current thermodynamic models,both single-phase and dual-phase,fail to accurately capture these microstructural changes in sea ice,leading to uncertainties in the results.The discrepancy between model predictions and actual observations strongly motivates the parameterization on the evolution in ice microstructure and development of next-generation sea ice models,accounting for changes in ice crystals,brine pockets,and gas bubbles under the background of global warming.It helps to finally achieve a thorough comprehension of Arctic sea ice changes,encompassing both macro and micro perspectives,as well as externaland internal factors.
文摘One of the factors for the evaluation of the space environment is the comfort of outdoor activities spaces in urban parks. The space composed of different landscape elements has different microclimate environment. In this paper, in order to evaluate the role of thermal comfort in influencing resident’s assessment of the outdoor space and activities of the park, a thermal comfort survey was conducted on the outdoor open space of Mianyang Urban Park in summer. In this article, meteorological surveys, questionnaire surveys and observation of park attendance are selected to collect data. The physiological equivalent temperature (PET) assessment was selected as the index to evaluate resident’s thermal comfort level, and the comprehensive evaluation and analysis of the spatial thermal environment of different outdoor landscape elements in the park. The overall comfort of current visitors is mainly influenced by their subjective heat perception voting (TSV). In this article, we focus on providing microclimate adjustment considerations for urban park landscape design, and may help people understand the outdoor thermal comfort of Mianyang in summer, increase the using time of outdoor activities, and promote the use of outdoor space.
文摘With regard to the rapid growth of China’s building area and the increasing energy consumption of buildings, green buildings have become an important issue for balancing economic development and environmental impact. However, the current evaluation systems for various types of green buildings are often unable to achieve a set of standards in practice due to the distinct regional characteristics of each region. Therefore, in view of the regional characteristics of the climate, terrain, ecology, and economic development in the cold regions of Sichuan, it is important to study the evaluation system of green residential buildings suitable for the cold regions of Sichuan. This article focuses on the regional characteristics of climate, topography, ecology, and economic development in the cold regions of Sichuan, and discusses the limitations of the current standards on the practice of green building in cold regions of Sichuan through a sociological questionnaire survey on the comfort of living in the local population. Then from the two dimensions of the advantages of traditional houses and the particularity of national culture, the strategies for the optimization and improvement of the evaluation index system for green residential buildings in the cold regions of Sichuan were proposed. After comprehensively considering the factors that affect the green residential buildings, including the regional characteristics of the cold regions of Sichuan, and the green performance of buildings, local characteristics and ethnic features were included in the evaluation system. The evaluation index system of green residential buildings in the cold regions of Sichuan, consists of 92 three-level indicators. A professional hierarchical analysis software yaahp was used to establish a multi-level hierarchical model between the indicators, and the indicators were compared with each other layer by layer to clarify the importance of the indicators. Based on this, a judgment matrix for each layer was constructed and obtained. The weight of each indicator is accurate, and the scoring mechanism and grading standards are constructed according to it. Through the calculation, the consistency test of the entire model was passed, thereby confirming the scientificity and rationality of the entire evaluation system.
