High-elevation,snow-dependent,semiarid ecosystems across southwestern United States are expected to be vulnerable to climate change,including drought and fi re,with implications for various aspects of the water cycle....High-elevation,snow-dependent,semiarid ecosystems across southwestern United States are expected to be vulnerable to climate change,including drought and fi re,with implications for various aspects of the water cycle.To that end,much less is known about the dynamics of transpiration,an important component of the water cycle across this region.At the individual-tree scale,transpiration is estimated by scaling mean sap fl ux density by the hydroactive sapwood area(SA).SA also remains a key factor in eff ectively scaling individual tree water-use to stand level.SA across large spatial scales is normally established by relating SA of a few trees to primary size measures,e.g.,diameter at breast height(DBH),tree height(H),or canopy diameter(CD).Considering the importance of SA in scaling transpiration,the primary objective of this study was therefore to establish six species-specifi c(aspen,maple,white fi r,ponderosa pine,Douglas fi r,Englemann spruce)allometric relationships between SA and three primary size measures(DBH,CD,or H)across two high-elevation,snow-dependent,semiarid ecosystems in New Mexico and Arizona.Based on multiple statistical criteria(coeffi cient of determination,index of agreement,Nash–Sutcliff e effi-ciency)and ease of measurement in the forest,we identifi ed DBH as the primary independent variable for estimating SA across all sites.Based on group regression analysis,we found allometric relationships to be signifi cantly(p<0.05)diff erent for the same species(ponderosa pine,Douglas-fi r)across diff erent sites.Overall,our allometric relationships provide a valuable database for estimating transpiration at diff erent spatial scales from sap fl ow data in some of our most vulnerable ecosystems.展开更多
Primary tumors involving the bony skeleton of the chest wall are uncommon. After a retrospective review of the histopathology archive at our institution from Oct 08 to Mar 09 we found three malignant neoplasms affecti...Primary tumors involving the bony skeleton of the chest wall are uncommon. After a retrospective review of the histopathology archive at our institution from Oct 08 to Mar 09 we found three malignant neoplasms affecting the rib, clavicle and the costal cartilages, one mesenchymal chondrosarcoma, one case of clear cell chondrosarcoma and an aggressive osteoblastoma each having distinctive histological diagnosis. Our limited experience in the occurrence of primary chest wall tumors showed that there are occurrences of rare bony lesions. A strong clinical suspicion, clinico-radiological correlation and histopathological confirmation are required for proper evaluation.展开更多
Background: Primary malignant tumors arising from bone are uncommon but important malignant neoplasms which account for 0.2% of all primary cancers in adults and approximately 5% of all childhood malignancies. Aim: No...Background: Primary malignant tumors arising from bone are uncommon but important malignant neoplasms which account for 0.2% of all primary cancers in adults and approximately 5% of all childhood malignancies. Aim: No comprehensive surveillance data about primary malignant bone tumors is available from this region of West Bengal in the literature. An attempt is undertaken to correlate clinicopathological findings, both histological & cytological features of primary bone tumours. Method: This observational study of clinical presentation was corroborated with cytology and histopathology of 67 cases of primary malignant bone tumors in 2005-2007 in a tertiary health care centre. Results: Among the primary malignant tumors, 39 cases (58.20%) were male and 28 (41.80%) were female. Sixty one lesions (91%) were located in the long bones and 6 (9%) involving flat and short bones. Osteosarcomas are found to be the predominant primary malignant bone tumors (44.77%), followed by Ewing’s sarcomas (20.89%), chondrosarcomas (13.43%), high grade giant cell tumor, and plasmacytoma (5.97%). Predilection for male (M: F 2:1) found in both osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma, but it was reverse in cases of Ewing’s sarcomas. Conclusion: Osteosarcoma is the most common around knee joint and chondrosarcoma is frequent in long bones in this region. We made an attempt to correlate FNAC findings with the histopathology and it was seen that overall sensitivity of FNAC of primary malignant bone tumors was 56.71%.展开更多
The nasopharynx is an unusual site for extraosseous chordoma. The characteristic histology and immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis. The behaviour of this tumour is locally aggressive. We report a case of naso...The nasopharynx is an unusual site for extraosseous chordoma. The characteristic histology and immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis. The behaviour of this tumour is locally aggressive. We report a case of nasopharyngeal chordoma in an elderly patient with literature review.展开更多
基金A very special note of thanks to Dr.Valerie Trouet,Dr.David J.P.Moore,Emily Dynes,Ian Shiach,Dr.Julia N.Perdrial,Michael Pohlmann and Lori Lovell during the collection of tree core samples and the tree survey.M.R.A.was supported by the DOE Regional and Global Climate Modeling program DE-SC0016011 and by the University of Arizona Water,Environment,and Energy Solutions(WEES)and Sustainability of Semi-Arid Hydrology and Riparian Areas(SAHRA)programs.
文摘High-elevation,snow-dependent,semiarid ecosystems across southwestern United States are expected to be vulnerable to climate change,including drought and fi re,with implications for various aspects of the water cycle.To that end,much less is known about the dynamics of transpiration,an important component of the water cycle across this region.At the individual-tree scale,transpiration is estimated by scaling mean sap fl ux density by the hydroactive sapwood area(SA).SA also remains a key factor in eff ectively scaling individual tree water-use to stand level.SA across large spatial scales is normally established by relating SA of a few trees to primary size measures,e.g.,diameter at breast height(DBH),tree height(H),or canopy diameter(CD).Considering the importance of SA in scaling transpiration,the primary objective of this study was therefore to establish six species-specifi c(aspen,maple,white fi r,ponderosa pine,Douglas fi r,Englemann spruce)allometric relationships between SA and three primary size measures(DBH,CD,or H)across two high-elevation,snow-dependent,semiarid ecosystems in New Mexico and Arizona.Based on multiple statistical criteria(coeffi cient of determination,index of agreement,Nash–Sutcliff e effi-ciency)and ease of measurement in the forest,we identifi ed DBH as the primary independent variable for estimating SA across all sites.Based on group regression analysis,we found allometric relationships to be signifi cantly(p<0.05)diff erent for the same species(ponderosa pine,Douglas-fi r)across diff erent sites.Overall,our allometric relationships provide a valuable database for estimating transpiration at diff erent spatial scales from sap fl ow data in some of our most vulnerable ecosystems.
文摘Primary tumors involving the bony skeleton of the chest wall are uncommon. After a retrospective review of the histopathology archive at our institution from Oct 08 to Mar 09 we found three malignant neoplasms affecting the rib, clavicle and the costal cartilages, one mesenchymal chondrosarcoma, one case of clear cell chondrosarcoma and an aggressive osteoblastoma each having distinctive histological diagnosis. Our limited experience in the occurrence of primary chest wall tumors showed that there are occurrences of rare bony lesions. A strong clinical suspicion, clinico-radiological correlation and histopathological confirmation are required for proper evaluation.
文摘Background: Primary malignant tumors arising from bone are uncommon but important malignant neoplasms which account for 0.2% of all primary cancers in adults and approximately 5% of all childhood malignancies. Aim: No comprehensive surveillance data about primary malignant bone tumors is available from this region of West Bengal in the literature. An attempt is undertaken to correlate clinicopathological findings, both histological & cytological features of primary bone tumours. Method: This observational study of clinical presentation was corroborated with cytology and histopathology of 67 cases of primary malignant bone tumors in 2005-2007 in a tertiary health care centre. Results: Among the primary malignant tumors, 39 cases (58.20%) were male and 28 (41.80%) were female. Sixty one lesions (91%) were located in the long bones and 6 (9%) involving flat and short bones. Osteosarcomas are found to be the predominant primary malignant bone tumors (44.77%), followed by Ewing’s sarcomas (20.89%), chondrosarcomas (13.43%), high grade giant cell tumor, and plasmacytoma (5.97%). Predilection for male (M: F 2:1) found in both osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma, but it was reverse in cases of Ewing’s sarcomas. Conclusion: Osteosarcoma is the most common around knee joint and chondrosarcoma is frequent in long bones in this region. We made an attempt to correlate FNAC findings with the histopathology and it was seen that overall sensitivity of FNAC of primary malignant bone tumors was 56.71%.
文摘The nasopharynx is an unusual site for extraosseous chordoma. The characteristic histology and immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis. The behaviour of this tumour is locally aggressive. We report a case of nasopharyngeal chordoma in an elderly patient with literature review.
