Tissue engineering aims to offer large-scale replacement of damaged organs using implants with the com-bination of cells,growth factors and scaffolds.However,the intra/peri-implant region is exposed to se-vere hypoxic...Tissue engineering aims to offer large-scale replacement of damaged organs using implants with the com-bination of cells,growth factors and scaffolds.However,the intra/peri-implant region is exposed to se-vere hypoxic stress and oxidative stress during the early stage of implantation with bone graft materials,which endangers the survival,proliferation and differentiation of seed cells within the implants as well as the host cells surrounding the implants.If the bone graft material could spontaneously and intelligently regulate the hypoxic stress and oxidative stress to a moderate level,it will facilitate the vascularization of the implants and the rapid regeneration of the bone tissue.In this review,we will first introduce the signaling pathways of cellular response under hypoxic stress and oxidative stress,then present the clas-sical material designs and examples in response to hypoxic stress and oxidative stress.And finally,we will address the important role of epigenetic mechanisms in the regulation of hypoxic stress and oxida-tive stress and describe the potential applications and prospective smart bone graft materials based on novel epigenetic factors against hypoxic stress and oxidative stress in bone repair.The main content of this review is summarized in the following graphical abstract.展开更多
Background： The European Society of Urogenital Radiology has built the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System （PI-RADS） for standardizing the diagnosis of prostate cancer （PCa）. This study evaluated the PI-RA...Background： The European Society of Urogenital Radiology has built the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System （PI-RADS） for standardizing the diagnosis of prostate cancer （PCa）. This study evaluated the PI-RADS diagnosis method in patients with prostate-specific antigen （PSA） 〈20 ng/ml. Methods： A total of 133 patients with PSA 〈20 ng/ml were prospectively recruited. T2-weighted （T2WI） and diffusion-weighted （DWI） magnetic resonance images of the prostate were acquired before a 12-core transrectal prostate biopsy. Each patient＇s peripheral zone was divided into six regions on the images; each region corresponded to two of the 12 biopsy cores. T2WI, DWI, and T2W1 ＋ DWI scores were computed according to PI-RADS. The diagnostic accuracy of the PI-RADS score was evaluated using histopathology of prostate biopsies as the reference standard. Results： PCa was histologically diagnosed in 169 （21.2%） regions. Increased PI-RADS score correlated positively with increased cancer detection rate. The cancer detection rate for scores 1 to 5 was 2.8%, 15.0%, 34.6%, 52.6%, and 88.9%, respectively, using T2W1 and 12.0%, 20.2%, 48.0%, 85.7%, and 93.3%, respectively, using DWI. For T2WI ＋ DWI, the cancer detection rate was 1.5% （score 2）, 13.5% （scores 3-4）, 41.3% （scores 5-6）, 75.9% （scores 7-8）, and 92.3% （scores 9-10）. The area under the curve for cancer detection was 0.700 （T2WI）, 0.735 （DWI） and 0.749 （T2WI ＋ DWI）. The sensitivity and specificity were 53.8% and 89.2%, respectively, when The summed score ofT2Wl ＋ DWI展开更多
Background： Photoselective vaporization of the prostate is a technique that is widely used for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia （BPH） and has pronounced advantages compared to the traditional transuret...Background： Photoselective vaporization of the prostate is a technique that is widely used for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia （BPH） and has pronounced advantages compared to the traditional transurethral resection of the prostate. Following the recent introduction of end-firing lithium triborate lasers, we have created a new technique called photoselective vaporesection of tile prostate （PVRP）. This study described our initial experience using the PVRP technique for the treatment of BPH. Methods： This prospective study included a total of 35 patients with BPH who underwent PVRP from August 2013 to July 2014. The chief clinical parameters were obtained and evaluated during the perioperative period and follow-up, including the International Prostate Symptom Score （IPSS）, quality of life （QoL） score, maximum urinary flow rate, and prostate volume. All variables were evaluated for statistically significant differences compared to baseline values using the analysis of variance. Results： The mean subgroup IPSS and QoL scores significantly improved during tbllow-up; the respective decreases in IPSS storage score, IPSS voiding score, IPSS nocturia score, and QoL score were 75.3%, 83.6%, 51.4%, and 71.7%, respectively （all P 〈 0.001 compared with baseline）. Three patients were diagnosed with prostate cancer based on postoperative pathological examinations. There were no serious perioperative complications. Conclusion： The PVRP technique demonstrates satisfactory short-term clinical outcomes and perioperative safety in the treatment of BPH.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Nat-ural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32071341,82202741,52003302,31430030,51973021,32201111,and 52202358)the Chinese Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2021M703710 and 2021M691464)+1 种基金the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Re-search Foundation(Nos.2021A1515111040,2019A1515110841 and 2019A1515011935)the Beijing Municipal Health Commis-sion(Nos.BMHC-20216 and PXM 2020_026275_000002)。
文摘Tissue engineering aims to offer large-scale replacement of damaged organs using implants with the com-bination of cells,growth factors and scaffolds.However,the intra/peri-implant region is exposed to se-vere hypoxic stress and oxidative stress during the early stage of implantation with bone graft materials,which endangers the survival,proliferation and differentiation of seed cells within the implants as well as the host cells surrounding the implants.If the bone graft material could spontaneously and intelligently regulate the hypoxic stress and oxidative stress to a moderate level,it will facilitate the vascularization of the implants and the rapid regeneration of the bone tissue.In this review,we will first introduce the signaling pathways of cellular response under hypoxic stress and oxidative stress,then present the clas-sical material designs and examples in response to hypoxic stress and oxidative stress.And finally,we will address the important role of epigenetic mechanisms in the regulation of hypoxic stress and oxida-tive stress and describe the potential applications and prospective smart bone graft materials based on novel epigenetic factors against hypoxic stress and oxidative stress in bone repair.The main content of this review is summarized in the following graphical abstract.
文摘Background： The European Society of Urogenital Radiology has built the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System （PI-RADS） for standardizing the diagnosis of prostate cancer （PCa）. This study evaluated the PI-RADS diagnosis method in patients with prostate-specific antigen （PSA） 〈20 ng/ml. Methods： A total of 133 patients with PSA 〈20 ng/ml were prospectively recruited. T2-weighted （T2WI） and diffusion-weighted （DWI） magnetic resonance images of the prostate were acquired before a 12-core transrectal prostate biopsy. Each patient＇s peripheral zone was divided into six regions on the images; each region corresponded to two of the 12 biopsy cores. T2WI, DWI, and T2W1 ＋ DWI scores were computed according to PI-RADS. The diagnostic accuracy of the PI-RADS score was evaluated using histopathology of prostate biopsies as the reference standard. Results： PCa was histologically diagnosed in 169 （21.2%） regions. Increased PI-RADS score correlated positively with increased cancer detection rate. The cancer detection rate for scores 1 to 5 was 2.8%, 15.0%, 34.6%, 52.6%, and 88.9%, respectively, using T2W1 and 12.0%, 20.2%, 48.0%, 85.7%, and 93.3%, respectively, using DWI. For T2WI ＋ DWI, the cancer detection rate was 1.5% （score 2）, 13.5% （scores 3-4）, 41.3% （scores 5-6）, 75.9% （scores 7-8）, and 92.3% （scores 9-10）. The area under the curve for cancer detection was 0.700 （T2WI）, 0.735 （DWI） and 0.749 （T2WI ＋ DWI）. The sensitivity and specificity were 53.8% and 89.2%, respectively, when The summed score ofT2Wl ＋ DWI
文摘Background： Photoselective vaporization of the prostate is a technique that is widely used for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia （BPH） and has pronounced advantages compared to the traditional transurethral resection of the prostate. Following the recent introduction of end-firing lithium triborate lasers, we have created a new technique called photoselective vaporesection of tile prostate （PVRP）. This study described our initial experience using the PVRP technique for the treatment of BPH. Methods： This prospective study included a total of 35 patients with BPH who underwent PVRP from August 2013 to July 2014. The chief clinical parameters were obtained and evaluated during the perioperative period and follow-up, including the International Prostate Symptom Score （IPSS）, quality of life （QoL） score, maximum urinary flow rate, and prostate volume. All variables were evaluated for statistically significant differences compared to baseline values using the analysis of variance. Results： The mean subgroup IPSS and QoL scores significantly improved during tbllow-up; the respective decreases in IPSS storage score, IPSS voiding score, IPSS nocturia score, and QoL score were 75.3%, 83.6%, 51.4%, and 71.7%, respectively （all P 〈 0.001 compared with baseline）. Three patients were diagnosed with prostate cancer based on postoperative pathological examinations. There were no serious perioperative complications. Conclusion： The PVRP technique demonstrates satisfactory short-term clinical outcomes and perioperative safety in the treatment of BPH.
