Scope of the article is to discuss pretreatment of refuse,nonedible animal fats into biodiesel feedstock to improve yields of standard quality biofuel at low operational costs.Recommendations are equally viable for 2n...Scope of the article is to discuss pretreatment of refuse,nonedible animal fats into biodiesel feedstock to improve yields of standard quality biofuel at low operational costs.Recommendations are equally viable for 2nd generation biodiesel processing technologies and to extend catalysts lifetime.Refuse fats are vulnerability to storage conditions having significant influence on loss of market value.Common concerns expressed in terms of high levels of FFA(Free Fatty Acid),moisture,impurities have been addressed.Detrimental constituents are present in these feedstocks in complicated,stubborn colloid chemical structures with direct impacts on processing.Common edible grade oil techniques have been revisited but failed to produce high market-value biodiesel feedstock at acceptable levels of yield and reliability.Petroleum refinery techniques,selective solvent refining and vacuum distillation have also not met expectations.Glycerolysis and direct esterification conversion techniques were efficient in reduction of FFA and impurities to acceptably low level at reasonable yield.Acid catalyzed direct esterification proved to be lower cost technique to produce good quality biodiesel feedstock that can be processed in first generation alkali-based transesterification and hydrotreatment techniques alike.Co-Sol apolar solvent born technology has been shown to be the best performing option in retrofitting.Direct esterification was demonstrated in a truly continuous,counter current,solvent born mode with substantial energy and resource efficiency gains.展开更多
当耳边响起“Star Wars Main Title”的交响乐章时,心底的激情就像被按住管口的水管内的水瞬间得以释放。这种感觉,犹如与翼神初见时从双眼直抵内心的触动,抽象得难以用字符去描述与形容这台翼神所带来的力量。但可以明显感受到,车主对...当耳边响起“Star Wars Main Title”的交响乐章时,心底的激情就像被按住管口的水管内的水瞬间得以释放。这种感觉,犹如与翼神初见时从双眼直抵内心的触动,抽象得难以用字符去描述与形容这台翼神所带来的力量。但可以明显感受到,车主对它倾注的大量心思与无比的喜爱。这种力量莫不成是原力的另一种形式？如果你有幸能在广州的街道上遇上它,或许你就会有属于你自己的答案了。展开更多
文摘Scope of the article is to discuss pretreatment of refuse,nonedible animal fats into biodiesel feedstock to improve yields of standard quality biofuel at low operational costs.Recommendations are equally viable for 2nd generation biodiesel processing technologies and to extend catalysts lifetime.Refuse fats are vulnerability to storage conditions having significant influence on loss of market value.Common concerns expressed in terms of high levels of FFA(Free Fatty Acid),moisture,impurities have been addressed.Detrimental constituents are present in these feedstocks in complicated,stubborn colloid chemical structures with direct impacts on processing.Common edible grade oil techniques have been revisited but failed to produce high market-value biodiesel feedstock at acceptable levels of yield and reliability.Petroleum refinery techniques,selective solvent refining and vacuum distillation have also not met expectations.Glycerolysis and direct esterification conversion techniques were efficient in reduction of FFA and impurities to acceptably low level at reasonable yield.Acid catalyzed direct esterification proved to be lower cost technique to produce good quality biodiesel feedstock that can be processed in first generation alkali-based transesterification and hydrotreatment techniques alike.Co-Sol apolar solvent born technology has been shown to be the best performing option in retrofitting.Direct esterification was demonstrated in a truly continuous,counter current,solvent born mode with substantial energy and resource efficiency gains.
文摘当耳边响起“Star Wars Main Title”的交响乐章时,心底的激情就像被按住管口的水管内的水瞬间得以释放。这种感觉,犹如与翼神初见时从双眼直抵内心的触动,抽象得难以用字符去描述与形容这台翼神所带来的力量。但可以明显感受到,车主对它倾注的大量心思与无比的喜爱。这种力量莫不成是原力的另一种形式？如果你有幸能在广州的街道上遇上它,或许你就会有属于你自己的答案了。
