Objectives:Postmenopausal osteoporosis is the most common form of osteoporosis in clinical practice,affecting millions of postmenopausal women worldwide.Postmenopausal osteoporosis demands safe and effective therapies...Objectives:Postmenopausal osteoporosis is the most common form of osteoporosis in clinical practice,affecting millions of postmenopausal women worldwide.Postmenopausal osteoporosis demands safe and effective therapies.This study aimed to evaluate the potential of hederagenin(Hed)for treating osteoporosis and to elucidate its underlying mechanisms of action.Methods:The anti-osteoporotic potential of Hed was assessed by investigating its effects on ovariectomy(OVX)-induced bone loss in mice and on receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand(RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation in RAW264.7 cells.Network pharmacology analysis and molecular docking were employed to identify key targets,which were subsequently validated experimentally.Results:In vitro,Hed suppressed osteoclastogenesis by inhibiting the formation of osteoclasts and F-actin rings and by down-regulating osteoclastspecific genes(Atp6v0d2 and Acp5).In vivo,Hed significantly amelioratedOVX-induced bone loss,restoring trabecular bone volume fraction(BV/TV)and trabecular number(Tb.N),while reducing trabecular separation(Tb.Sp).Network pharmacology analysis identified 142 overlapping targets linking Hed to osteoporosis,including tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6),and IL-1β,with enrichment in innate immune signaling and osteoclast differentiation.Molecular docking analysis indicated strong binding affinities between Hed and targets such as TNF-α,IL-6,and IL-1β.Experimentally,Hed was found to decrease RANKL,elevate osteoprotegerin(OPG),and suppress intestinalmRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β,IL-6,IL-17A,and TNF-α.Conclusion:Hed exerts significant anti-osteoporotic effects inOVX-induced osteoporosis through a dualmechanism involving the suppression of both osteoclastogenesis and innate immune signaling pathways.These findings highlighted Hed’s novel role in modulating immune-bone crosstalk,offering a promising strategy for treating osteolytic diseases without estrogenic side effects.展开更多
Throughout versatile metal compositions and unique structural characteristics,polynary metal atom catalysts(PACs)readily harness synergistic intermetallic effects,significantly boosting the catalytic performances.Thes...Throughout versatile metal compositions and unique structural characteristics,polynary metal atom catalysts(PACs)readily harness synergistic intermetallic effects,significantly boosting the catalytic performances.These catalysts are featured by favorable catalytic activity,stability and selectivity,offering avenues to tackle challenges in energy conversion,environmental protection and chemical synthesis.Nevertheless,an in-depth understanding and comprehensive summary of the structure-performance relationship for the emerging PACs remains elusive.This review embarks from the classification of PACs,delving further into the origins of catalytic activity and mechanisms underpinning performance enhancement.At the beginning,it outlines the fundamental concepts,preparation methods and accurate recognition of PACs.Subsequently,it centers on discussing the origins of activity,strategies for performance optimization,mechanisms of action,and application scenarios across diverse catalytic reactions.Moreover,the unexplored issues and future perspectives of PACs are proposed at the end,stating their pivotal roles in advancing green chemistry and the sustainable energy realm.This review overall aims to provide valuable insight and guidance for the preparation and application of PACs.展开更多
Relevant documents issued by the General Office of the State Council and the Ministry of Health require hospitals to reduce operating costs and improve efficiency,which will place newer and higher demands on medical e...Relevant documents issued by the General Office of the State Council and the Ministry of Health require hospitals to reduce operating costs and improve efficiency,which will place newer and higher demands on medical equipment management.However,the current process of medical equipment quality control in hospitals faces issues such as weak control awareness,untimely maintenance of faulty equipment,and a lack of informatization management tools.These problems severely restrict the development of medical equipment quality management.To address these issues,this article uses a tertiary hospital in Urumqi as an experimental platform to analyze the deficiencies in the current medical equipment quality control management system of public hospitals.Based on practical needs such as equipment procurement,contract management,and equipment management,the research is conducted from three aspects:system architecture,functional design,and talent training,utilizing an information management system.Suggestions are provided,aiming to make a modest contribution to promoting medical equipment quality control management in China.展开更多
Aim at monitoring water pollution, especially the aquatic vegetation, the multilayer dielectric model based on incoherent method is established to analysis the brightness temperature of aquatic vegetation. A 3 mm radi...Aim at monitoring water pollution, especially the aquatic vegetation, the multilayer dielectric model based on incoherent method is established to analysis the brightness temperature of aquatic vegetation. A 3 mm radiometer is used to measure the radiant characteristics of water pollution. Compared to 3 layer dielectric model, the simulation result of multilayer dielectric model is in better accordance with the experimental data, which shows that the multilayer dielectric model can model aquatic vegetation’s radiant characteristics more precisely. This result shows that water has millimeter wave radiant characteristics of low brightness temperature, cold target compared to aquatic vegetation. Based on the study of water’s brightness temperatures and aquatic vegetation’s radiant characteristics, the radiant characteristics can be used to monitor aquatic vegetation.展开更多
Wild emmer wheat(Triticum dicoccoides,WEW)is an immediate progenitor of both the cultivated tetraploid and hexaploid wheats and it harbors rich genetic diversity against powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis f.sp...Wild emmer wheat(Triticum dicoccoides,WEW)is an immediate progenitor of both the cultivated tetraploid and hexaploid wheats and it harbors rich genetic diversity against powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici(Bgt).A powdery mildew resistance gene Ml I^(W172)originated from WEW accession I^(W172)(G-797-M)is fine mapped in a 0.048 centimorgan(c M)genetic interval on 7 AL,corresponding to a genomic region spanning 233 kb,1 Mb and 800 kb in Chinese Spring,WEW Zavitan,and T.urartu G1812,respectively.Ml I^(W172)encodes a typical NLR protein NLRI^(W172)and physically locates in an NBS-LRR gene cluster.NLRI^(W172)is subsequently identified as a new allele of Pm60,and its function is validated by EMS mutagenesis and transgenic complementation.Haplotype analysis of the Pm60 alleles reveals diversifications in sequence variation in the locus and presence and absence variations(PAV)in WEW populations.Four common single nucleotide variations(SNV)are detected between the Pm60 alleles from WEW and T.urartu,indicative of speciation divergence between the two different wheat progenitors.The newly identified Pm60 alleles and haplotypes in WEW are anticipated to be valuable for breeding powdery mildew resistance wheat cultivars via marker-assisted selection.展开更多
Japanese encephalitis virus （jEV） is a mosquito-borne virus of the family Flaviviridae. It is the causative agent of Japanese encephalitis with approximately 50,000 infection cases and 10,000 fatal cases annually in...Japanese encephalitis virus （jEV） is a mosquito-borne virus of the family Flaviviridae. It is the causative agent of Japanese encephalitis with approximately 50,000 infection cases and 10,000 fatal cases annually in Asia （Erlanger et al., 2009）. Although liveattenuated JEV vaccine has been developed and used for human and pig vaccination, JE occurs epidemically or sporadically in some developing countries or even in vaccinated areas （Solomon, 2006）. Host resistance factors play an important role in the outcome of viral infection.展开更多
Poorly crystalline Ru0.4Sn0.6O2 solid solution with size about 2 nm coated on Ti substrate was prepared by thermal decomposition at 260°C. The electrodes were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning el...Poorly crystalline Ru0.4Sn0.6O2 solid solution with size about 2 nm coated on Ti substrate was prepared by thermal decomposition at 260°C. The electrodes were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for structural and morphological studies. The Capacitance properties of the electrodes were tested by cyclic voltammetry and charge-discharge tests. The results show that the electrodes have mud-cracks structure with cracks 0.2 μm in width. The electrode has stable electrochemical capacitor properties with a maximum specific capacitance of 648 F/g within a scan potential window –0.1 - 1.0 V in 0.5 M H2SO4 electrolyte solution.展开更多
Xenocoumacins(Xcns),the major antimicrobial natural products produced by Xenorhabdus nematophila,have gained widespread attention for their potential application in crop protection.However,the regulatory mechanisms in...Xenocoumacins(Xcns),the major antimicrobial natural products produced by Xenorhabdus nematophila,have gained widespread attention for their potential application in crop protection.However,the regulatory mechanisms involved in the biosynthesis of Xcns remain poorly understood.In this study,we identified 21 potential twocomponent systems(TCSs)in X.nematophila CB6 by bioinformatic analysis.Among them,the response regulators(RRs),GlrR and ArcA,were proven to positively regulate the production of Xcns based on gene deletion and complementation experiments.In addition,our results showed that GlrR played an important role in cell growth,while ArcA was involved in both cell morphology and growth.Using a variety of molecular biological and biochemical techniques,we found that GlrR controlled the Xcns biosynthesis by indirectly regulating the expression levels of the biosynthetic gene cluster(BGC).ArcA directly binded to the promoter regions of xcn A and xcn B to regulate the transcription of the Xcns BGC,and the binding sites were also identified.This study provides valuable insights into the regulatory network of Xcns biosynthesis,which will contribute to the construction of a high-yielding strain.展开更多
Leaf senescence is normally the last stage of plant development. Early senescence of functional leaves significantly reduces the photosynthetic time and efficiency, seriously affecting grain yield and quality in wheat...Leaf senescence is normally the last stage of plant development. Early senescence of functional leaves significantly reduces the photosynthetic time and efficiency, seriously affecting grain yield and quality in wheat. Discovering genes responsible for early leaf senescence(els) are necessary for developing novel germplasms and cultivars with delayed leaf-senescence through molecular manipulation and marker assisted selection. In this study, we identified an early leaf senescence line M114 in a derivative of a wheat breeding population. Genetic analysis indicated that early leaf senescence in M114 is controlled by a single recessive gene, provisionally designated els1. By applying bulked segregant analysis and RNA-Seq(BSR-Seq), seven polymorphic markers linked to els1 were developed and the gene was located on chromosome arm 2 BS in a 1.5 c M genetic interval between markers WGGB303 and WGGB305. A co-segregating marker, WGGB302, provide a starting point for fine mapping and map-based cloning of els1.展开更多
In the precision positioning system, NLOS(Non Line of Sight) propagation and clock synchronization error caused by multiple base stations are the main reasons for reducing the reliability of communication and position...In the precision positioning system, NLOS(Non Line of Sight) propagation and clock synchronization error caused by multiple base stations are the main reasons for reducing the reliability of communication and positioning accuracy. So, in the NLOS environment, it has an important role to eliminate the clock synchronization problem in the positioning system. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes an improved Kalman filter localization method NLOS-K(Non Line of Sight-Kalman filter). First, the maximum likelihood estimation algorithm is used to iterate. Then, the Kalman filter algorithm is implemented and the Kalman gain matrix is redefined. The clock drift is compensated so that the clock between the master and slave base stations remains synchronized. The experimental results show that in the non-lineof-sight environment, compared with other algorithms, the positioning accuracy error of the improved algorithm is about 5 cm, and the accuracy compared with other algorithms is 97%. In addition, the influence of bandwidth and spectral density on the method is analyzed, and the accuracy and stability of positioning are improved as a whole.展开更多
Plant height,spike,leaf,stem and grain morphologies are key components of plant architecture and related to wheat yield.A wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)mutant,wpa1,displaying temperaturedependent pleiotropic developmenta...Plant height,spike,leaf,stem and grain morphologies are key components of plant architecture and related to wheat yield.A wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)mutant,wpa1,displaying temperaturedependent pleiotropic developmental anomalies,was isolated.The WPA1 gene,encoding a von Willebrand factor type A(vWA)domain protein,was located on chromosome arm 7DS and isolated by map-based cloning.The functionality of WPA1 was validated by multiple independent EMS-induced mutants and gene editing.Phylogenetic analysis revealed that WPA1 is monocotyledon-specific in higher plants.The identification of WPA1 provides opportunity to study the temperature regulated wheat development and grain yield.展开更多
Dyslipidemia is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease.While cross-sectional studies suggest lower odds of dyslipidemia in greener environments,longitudinal research is limited.This prospective cohort st...Dyslipidemia is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease.While cross-sectional studies suggest lower odds of dyslipidemia in greener environments,longitudinal research is limited.This prospective cohort study analyzed data from 3,454,623 adults from January 2017 to December 2021,focusing on dyslipidemia and its subtypes.Residential greenness was assessed using vegetation indices and greenspace percentages.Cox regressions and generalized estimating equation models were used to analyze associations between greenness and dyslipidemia outcomes.Over a median follow-up period of 3.21 years,744,732 cases of dyslipidemia were observed.Greener environments were associated with a reduced risk of dyslipidemia,hypercholesterolemia,hypertriglyceridemia,and hyperbetalipo-proteinemia(hazard ratios ranged from 0.82 to 0.96)and an increased risk of hypoalphalipoproteinemia(hazard ratios were 1.12 to 1.15).Higher greenness levels were linked to lower serum lipids.These associations were stronger among older adults and those with higher education.Mediation analyses showed that lower air pollution,temperature,and higher physical activity accounted for 2.08−33.72%of the associations between greenness and dyslipidemia.Our findings suggest that greenspace exposure can be incorporated into dyslipidemia etiology and prevention strategies.Nature therapies like forest bathing can be supplementary strategies.展开更多
Gasoline vapor emissions from service stations significantly affect urban atmospheric.Despite the research on the mechanisms and effectiveness of gasoline vapor removal is limited,this study innovatively investigates ...Gasoline vapor emissions from service stations significantly affect urban atmospheric.Despite the research on the mechanisms and effectiveness of gasoline vapor removal is limited,this study innovatively investigates the static and dynamic adsorption of xylene—a typical gasoline vapor and one of the most active secondary organic aerosol(SOA)species—by commercial activated carbon(AC).The results showed that the saturation static adsorption capacity(Q_(e))of 12 ACs varied from 0.9 to 870.7 mg/g,which correlated with the specific surface area(SSA)and pore volume.Among them,11#and 12#ACs were identified as the most effective adsorbents for typical gasoline vapor removal.The maximum dynamic Q_(e) increased from 301.5 to 414.3 mg/g when the initial xylene concentration rose from 918 to 2008 mg/m^(3) for 11#AC,and from 201.4 to 406.2 mg/g when the initial xylene concentration increased from 589 to 2120 mg/m^(3) for 12#AC.These findings implied a direct correlation between higher initial xylene concentrations and greater dynamic Q_(e) values,with static Q_(e) values surpassing dynamic values.The adsorption kinetics simulation were analyzed by the pseudo-first-order(PFO)and pseudo-second-order(PSO)kinetics.The kinetics results demonstrated that the PFO was more effective in characterizing the adsorption of xylene onto ACs(R2>0.989),indicating that the adsorption of typical gasoline vapor by ACs primarily involves physical adsorption.The findings of static/dynamic adsorption and kinetics provide valuable guidance for practical applications of gasoline vapor removal in service stations.展开更多
The immune checkpoint TIGIT/PVR blockade exhibits significant antitumor effects through activation of NK and CD8^(+)T cell-mediated cytotoxicity.Immune checkpoint blockade(ICB)could induce tumor ferroptosis through I...The immune checkpoint TIGIT/PVR blockade exhibits significant antitumor effects through activation of NK and CD8^(+)T cell-mediated cytotoxicity.Immune checkpoint blockade(ICB)could induce tumor ferroptosis through IFN-γreleased by immune cells,indicating the synergetic effects of ICB with ferroptosis in inhibiting tumor growth.However,the development of TIGIT/PVR inhibitors with ferroptosis-inducing effects has not been explored yet.In this study,the small molecule Hemin that could bind withTIGIT to block TIGIT/PVR interaction was screened by virtual molecular docking and cell-based blocking assay.Hemin could effectively restore the IL-2 secretion from Jurkat-hTIGIT cells.Hemin reinvigorated the function of CD8^(+)T cells to secrete IFN-γand the elevated IFN-γcould synergize with Hemin to induce ferroptosis in tumor cells.Hemin inhibited tumor growth by boosting CD8^(+)T cell immune response and inducing ferroptosis in CT26 tumor model.More importantly,Hemin in combination with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade exhibited more effective antitumor efficacy in anti-PD-1 resistant B16 tumor model.In summary,our finding indicated that Hemin blocked TIGIT/PVR interaction and induced tumor cell ferroptosis,which provided a new therapeutic strategy to combine immunotherapy and ferroptosis for cancer treatment.展开更多
Introduction:Human sapovirus(HuSaV)is an enteric virus responsible for sporadic cases and outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis(AGE)globally.A seven-year active surveillance study was conducted to investigate the molecul...Introduction:Human sapovirus(HuSaV)is an enteric virus responsible for sporadic cases and outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis(AGE)globally.A seven-year active surveillance study was conducted to investigate the molecular epidemiology of HuSaVs associated with AGE outbreaks in Chaoyang District of Beijing Municipality,China from January 2015 to December 2021.Methods:Fecal and anal swab samples were obtained from patients experiencing AGE outbreaks.HuSaVs were identified through reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),and partial viral protein 1(VP1)sequences(approximately 434 base pairs)were utilized for genotyping,single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)analysis,and phylogenetic examination.Results:HuSaVs were identified in 71 AGE outbreaks,demonstrating a detection rate of 10.5%,second only to norovirus.The primary demographic affected by HuSaV were children under the age of 5 in kindergarten settings.Infection rates tended to peak during two distinct periods:May to June and September to December.Upon genotyping,seven distinct genotypes emerged.GII.3 was the most prevalent,accounting for 54.9%of cases,followed by GI.1(12.7%),GI.2(9.9%),GII.5(7.0%),GI.5(2.8%),GI.6(1.4%),GII.1(1.4%),and untyped cases(9.9%).A phylogenetic analysis of GII.3 identified three distinct groups,with 15 notable SNPs observed.Conclusions:This study offers a comprehensive analysis of the persistent prevalence of HuSaV outbreaks in Chaoyang District,Beijing Municipality,China.Over time,the diversity of HuSaV subtypes has shifted,and it is now recognized as the second leading viral agent responsible for AGE outbreaks.This highlights the importance of ongoing surveillance in the future.展开更多
In current research on the Anthropocene, assessing the impact of human activities via stratigraphic records of sediments and demarcating the Anthropocene epoch globally are critical scientific issues that urgently nee...In current research on the Anthropocene, assessing the impact of human activities via stratigraphic records of sediments and demarcating the Anthropocene epoch globally are critical scientific issues that urgently need to be addressed. The northeastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau(QXP), where humans first settled permanently in large numbers in the QXP, has varying sedimentary environments that are extremely sensitive to human activities. In contrast to other regions of the QXP, the northeastern sector boasts a richer array of climatic and environmental reconstruction sequences. This distinctive feature renders it an exemplary locale for investigating the stratigraphic boundary of the Anthropocene. Through in-depth analysis and integration of existing paleoclimate and paleoenvironment sequences in the northeastern QXP, we draw the following conclusions:(1) Throughout the past millennium, the impact of human activities on the environment of the northeastern QXP has become increasingly significant, especially in the past 200–300 years, gradually overshadowing climatic factors.(2) Since AD 1950,multiple physicochemical indicators related to human activities in the northeastern QXP have shown exponential growth,forming a distinct peak within the past millennium and clearly depicting the global “Great Acceleration” phenomenon and its development process.(3) Intensified human activities have driven swift environmental shifts and “decoupled” the interplay between climatic variations and the ecological environment, propelling the northeastern QXP into the “Early Anthropocene”from the “Late Holocene”. On the basis of the above findings, we construct a model suitable for identifying the stratigraphic boundary of the Anthropocene in the northeastern QXP and note that since the ecological environment in the northeastern QXP has entered the “Early Anthropocene”, the climate signals of certain physicochemical indicators in sediments are gradually becoming weaker, whereas the signals of human activities are becoming stronger.展开更多
Dear Editor,We identified and cloned the powdery mildew resistance gene Pm52 from wheat cultivars Liangxing 99 and Jimai 22 using map-based cloning.Pm52,encoding an NLR-PRK protein,was introgressed from T.timopheevii ...Dear Editor,We identified and cloned the powdery mildew resistance gene Pm52 from wheat cultivars Liangxing 99 and Jimai 22 using map-based cloning.Pm52,encoding an NLR-PRK protein,was introgressed from T.timopheevii and confers broad-spectrum resistance.In addition,we developed and validated a functional marker,Pm52-FM,providing a reliable tool for marker-assisted selection to accelerate the breeding of wheat cultivars with pow-dery mildew resistance.展开更多
Coordinated gene transcription in plastids and nuclei is necessary for the photosynthetic apparatus assembly during chloroplast biogenesis. Despite the identification of several transcription factors regulating nuclea...Coordinated gene transcription in plastids and nuclei is necessary for the photosynthetic apparatus assembly during chloroplast biogenesis. Despite the identification of several transcription factors regulating nuclear-encoded photosynthetic gene transcription, transcription factors regulating plastid gene transcription are barely reported. Here, we report that BAI1 (“albino” in Chinese), a nucleus–plastid dual-targeted C2H2-type zinc-finger transcription factor in Arabidopsis, positively regulates and tunes the transcription of both nuclear and plastid genes. Knockout of BAI1 blocks chloroplast formation, producing albino seedlings and lethality. In plastids, BAI1 is a newly identified functional component of the pTAC (transcriptionally active chromosome complex), which interacts with another pTAC component, pTAC12/PAP5/HMR, to allow the effective assembly of plastid-encoded RNA polymerase (PEP) complexes. The transcript levels of PEP-dependent genes were reduced in the bai1 mutant. In contrast, the accumulation of nuclear-encoded RNA polymerase (NEP)-dependent transcripts was increased, suggesting that BAI1 is critical in maintaining PEP activity. BAI1 directly binds to the promoter regions of nuclear genes RbcSs and a plastid gene RbcL to activate their expression for RubisCO assembly. AtBAI1 homologs TaBAI1, GmBAI1a, and GmBAI1b from monocots and dicots can fully complement the defects of the Arabidopsis bai1 mutant. In contrast, Physcomitrium patens BAI1 (PpBAI1) only partially complements the bai1 mutant. Phylogenetic analysis of BAI1 and HMR uncovered that both components arose from late-diverging streptophyte algae, following a conserved evolutionary path during terrestrialization. In summary, this work unveils a BAI1-mediated transcription regulatory mechanism synchronizing the transcription of nuclear and plastid genes, necessary for hybrid photosynthetic complex assembly. This could be an intrinsic feature facilitating plant terrestrialization.展开更多
基金supported by the Scientific Research Project of Anhui ProvincialHealth Commission(Grant No.AHWJ2021b063)National Natural Scientific Foundation of China(Grant No.82160048)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation Project of Anhui Province(Grant No.2308085MH265)Major Scientific Research Project of Anhui Provincial Department of Education(Grant No.2024AH040205).
文摘Objectives:Postmenopausal osteoporosis is the most common form of osteoporosis in clinical practice,affecting millions of postmenopausal women worldwide.Postmenopausal osteoporosis demands safe and effective therapies.This study aimed to evaluate the potential of hederagenin(Hed)for treating osteoporosis and to elucidate its underlying mechanisms of action.Methods:The anti-osteoporotic potential of Hed was assessed by investigating its effects on ovariectomy(OVX)-induced bone loss in mice and on receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand(RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation in RAW264.7 cells.Network pharmacology analysis and molecular docking were employed to identify key targets,which were subsequently validated experimentally.Results:In vitro,Hed suppressed osteoclastogenesis by inhibiting the formation of osteoclasts and F-actin rings and by down-regulating osteoclastspecific genes(Atp6v0d2 and Acp5).In vivo,Hed significantly amelioratedOVX-induced bone loss,restoring trabecular bone volume fraction(BV/TV)and trabecular number(Tb.N),while reducing trabecular separation(Tb.Sp).Network pharmacology analysis identified 142 overlapping targets linking Hed to osteoporosis,including tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6),and IL-1β,with enrichment in innate immune signaling and osteoclast differentiation.Molecular docking analysis indicated strong binding affinities between Hed and targets such as TNF-α,IL-6,and IL-1β.Experimentally,Hed was found to decrease RANKL,elevate osteoprotegerin(OPG),and suppress intestinalmRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β,IL-6,IL-17A,and TNF-α.Conclusion:Hed exerts significant anti-osteoporotic effects inOVX-induced osteoporosis through a dualmechanism involving the suppression of both osteoclastogenesis and innate immune signaling pathways.These findings highlighted Hed’s novel role in modulating immune-bone crosstalk,offering a promising strategy for treating osteolytic diseases without estrogenic side effects.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22179089)。
文摘Throughout versatile metal compositions and unique structural characteristics,polynary metal atom catalysts(PACs)readily harness synergistic intermetallic effects,significantly boosting the catalytic performances.These catalysts are featured by favorable catalytic activity,stability and selectivity,offering avenues to tackle challenges in energy conversion,environmental protection and chemical synthesis.Nevertheless,an in-depth understanding and comprehensive summary of the structure-performance relationship for the emerging PACs remains elusive.This review embarks from the classification of PACs,delving further into the origins of catalytic activity and mechanisms underpinning performance enhancement.At the beginning,it outlines the fundamental concepts,preparation methods and accurate recognition of PACs.Subsequently,it centers on discussing the origins of activity,strategies for performance optimization,mechanisms of action,and application scenarios across diverse catalytic reactions.Moreover,the unexplored issues and future perspectives of PACs are proposed at the end,stating their pivotal roles in advancing green chemistry and the sustainable energy realm.This review overall aims to provide valuable insight and guidance for the preparation and application of PACs.
基金Urumqi Health Committee Science and Technology Plan Project(202343)。
文摘Relevant documents issued by the General Office of the State Council and the Ministry of Health require hospitals to reduce operating costs and improve efficiency,which will place newer and higher demands on medical equipment management.However,the current process of medical equipment quality control in hospitals faces issues such as weak control awareness,untimely maintenance of faulty equipment,and a lack of informatization management tools.These problems severely restrict the development of medical equipment quality management.To address these issues,this article uses a tertiary hospital in Urumqi as an experimental platform to analyze the deficiencies in the current medical equipment quality control management system of public hospitals.Based on practical needs such as equipment procurement,contract management,and equipment management,the research is conducted from three aspects:system architecture,functional design,and talent training,utilizing an information management system.Suggestions are provided,aiming to make a modest contribution to promoting medical equipment quality control management in China.
文摘Aim at monitoring water pollution, especially the aquatic vegetation, the multilayer dielectric model based on incoherent method is established to analysis the brightness temperature of aquatic vegetation. A 3 mm radiometer is used to measure the radiant characteristics of water pollution. Compared to 3 layer dielectric model, the simulation result of multilayer dielectric model is in better accordance with the experimental data, which shows that the multilayer dielectric model can model aquatic vegetation’s radiant characteristics more precisely. This result shows that water has millimeter wave radiant characteristics of low brightness temperature, cold target compared to aquatic vegetation. Based on the study of water’s brightness temperatures and aquatic vegetation’s radiant characteristics, the radiant characteristics can be used to monitor aquatic vegetation.
基金financially supported by National Science Foundation of China (31971876, U21A20224)Scientific Research Project of Beijing Municipal Commission of Education (KM201910020014)
文摘Wild emmer wheat(Triticum dicoccoides,WEW)is an immediate progenitor of both the cultivated tetraploid and hexaploid wheats and it harbors rich genetic diversity against powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici(Bgt).A powdery mildew resistance gene Ml I^(W172)originated from WEW accession I^(W172)(G-797-M)is fine mapped in a 0.048 centimorgan(c M)genetic interval on 7 AL,corresponding to a genomic region spanning 233 kb,1 Mb and 800 kb in Chinese Spring,WEW Zavitan,and T.urartu G1812,respectively.Ml I^(W172)encodes a typical NLR protein NLRI^(W172)and physically locates in an NBS-LRR gene cluster.NLRI^(W172)is subsequently identified as a new allele of Pm60,and its function is validated by EMS mutagenesis and transgenic complementation.Haplotype analysis of the Pm60 alleles reveals diversifications in sequence variation in the locus and presence and absence variations(PAV)in WEW populations.Four common single nucleotide variations(SNV)are detected between the Pm60 alleles from WEW and T.urartu,indicative of speciation divergence between the two different wheat progenitors.The newly identified Pm60 alleles and haplotypes in WEW are anticipated to be valuable for breeding powdery mildew resistance wheat cultivars via marker-assisted selection.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81371814 and 31302116)National Program on Key Research Project of China(No.2016YFD0500400)the Program of International S&T Cooperation(No.2014DFE30140)
文摘Japanese encephalitis virus （jEV） is a mosquito-borne virus of the family Flaviviridae. It is the causative agent of Japanese encephalitis with approximately 50,000 infection cases and 10,000 fatal cases annually in Asia （Erlanger et al., 2009）. Although liveattenuated JEV vaccine has been developed and used for human and pig vaccination, JE occurs epidemically or sporadically in some developing countries or even in vaccinated areas （Solomon, 2006）. Host resistance factors play an important role in the outcome of viral infection.
文摘Poorly crystalline Ru0.4Sn0.6O2 solid solution with size about 2 nm coated on Ti substrate was prepared by thermal decomposition at 260°C. The electrodes were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for structural and morphological studies. The Capacitance properties of the electrodes were tested by cyclic voltammetry and charge-discharge tests. The results show that the electrodes have mud-cracks structure with cracks 0.2 μm in width. The electrode has stable electrochemical capacitor properties with a maximum specific capacitance of 648 F/g within a scan potential window –0.1 - 1.0 V in 0.5 M H2SO4 electrolyte solution.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31972327)the Key Research and Development Program Project of Xinjiang,China(2022B02044)+2 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFD1700700)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of CAASthe Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences for the fund of Elite Youth Program。
文摘Xenocoumacins(Xcns),the major antimicrobial natural products produced by Xenorhabdus nematophila,have gained widespread attention for their potential application in crop protection.However,the regulatory mechanisms involved in the biosynthesis of Xcns remain poorly understood.In this study,we identified 21 potential twocomponent systems(TCSs)in X.nematophila CB6 by bioinformatic analysis.Among them,the response regulators(RRs),GlrR and ArcA,were proven to positively regulate the production of Xcns based on gene deletion and complementation experiments.In addition,our results showed that GlrR played an important role in cell growth,while ArcA was involved in both cell morphology and growth.Using a variety of molecular biological and biochemical techniques,we found that GlrR controlled the Xcns biosynthesis by indirectly regulating the expression levels of the biosynthetic gene cluster(BGC).ArcA directly binded to the promoter regions of xcn A and xcn B to regulate the transcription of the Xcns BGC,and the binding sites were also identified.This study provides valuable insights into the regulatory network of Xcns biosynthesis,which will contribute to the construction of a high-yielding strain.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0101004)Science and Technology Service Network Initiative of Chinese Academy of Sciences(KFJ-STSZDTP-024)
文摘Leaf senescence is normally the last stage of plant development. Early senescence of functional leaves significantly reduces the photosynthetic time and efficiency, seriously affecting grain yield and quality in wheat. Discovering genes responsible for early leaf senescence(els) are necessary for developing novel germplasms and cultivars with delayed leaf-senescence through molecular manipulation and marker assisted selection. In this study, we identified an early leaf senescence line M114 in a derivative of a wheat breeding population. Genetic analysis indicated that early leaf senescence in M114 is controlled by a single recessive gene, provisionally designated els1. By applying bulked segregant analysis and RNA-Seq(BSR-Seq), seven polymorphic markers linked to els1 were developed and the gene was located on chromosome arm 2 BS in a 1.5 c M genetic interval between markers WGGB303 and WGGB305. A co-segregating marker, WGGB302, provide a starting point for fine mapping and map-based cloning of els1.
文摘In the precision positioning system, NLOS(Non Line of Sight) propagation and clock synchronization error caused by multiple base stations are the main reasons for reducing the reliability of communication and positioning accuracy. So, in the NLOS environment, it has an important role to eliminate the clock synchronization problem in the positioning system. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes an improved Kalman filter localization method NLOS-K(Non Line of Sight-Kalman filter). First, the maximum likelihood estimation algorithm is used to iterate. Then, the Kalman filter algorithm is implemented and the Kalman gain matrix is redefined. The clock drift is compensated so that the clock between the master and slave base stations remains synchronized. The experimental results show that in the non-lineof-sight environment, compared with other algorithms, the positioning accuracy error of the improved algorithm is about 5 cm, and the accuracy compared with other algorithms is 97%. In addition, the influence of bandwidth and spectral density on the method is analyzed, and the accuracy and stability of positioning are improved as a whole.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang(2024SSYS0099)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1200203)Key Research and Development Program of Hebei province(22326305D).
文摘Plant height,spike,leaf,stem and grain morphologies are key components of plant architecture and related to wheat yield.A wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)mutant,wpa1,displaying temperaturedependent pleiotropic developmental anomalies,was isolated.The WPA1 gene,encoding a von Willebrand factor type A(vWA)domain protein,was located on chromosome arm 7DS and isolated by map-based cloning.The functionality of WPA1 was validated by multiple independent EMS-induced mutants and gene editing.Phylogenetic analysis revealed that WPA1 is monocotyledon-specific in higher plants.The identification of WPA1 provides opportunity to study the temperature regulated wheat development and grain yield.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region(2022B03032,2022B03032-1)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81972992)Guangzhou Science and Technology Plan Project(202201011616).
文摘Dyslipidemia is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease.While cross-sectional studies suggest lower odds of dyslipidemia in greener environments,longitudinal research is limited.This prospective cohort study analyzed data from 3,454,623 adults from January 2017 to December 2021,focusing on dyslipidemia and its subtypes.Residential greenness was assessed using vegetation indices and greenspace percentages.Cox regressions and generalized estimating equation models were used to analyze associations between greenness and dyslipidemia outcomes.Over a median follow-up period of 3.21 years,744,732 cases of dyslipidemia were observed.Greener environments were associated with a reduced risk of dyslipidemia,hypercholesterolemia,hypertriglyceridemia,and hyperbetalipo-proteinemia(hazard ratios ranged from 0.82 to 0.96)and an increased risk of hypoalphalipoproteinemia(hazard ratios were 1.12 to 1.15).Higher greenness levels were linked to lower serum lipids.These associations were stronger among older adults and those with higher education.Mediation analyses showed that lower air pollution,temperature,and higher physical activity accounted for 2.08−33.72%of the associations between greenness and dyslipidemia.Our findings suggest that greenspace exposure can be incorporated into dyslipidemia etiology and prevention strategies.Nature therapies like forest bathing can be supplementary strategies.
基金supported by the Project of Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection(China)(JZ2022-012)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC1903100)the BJAST Young Scholar Programs(China)(24CE-YS-03).
文摘Gasoline vapor emissions from service stations significantly affect urban atmospheric.Despite the research on the mechanisms and effectiveness of gasoline vapor removal is limited,this study innovatively investigates the static and dynamic adsorption of xylene—a typical gasoline vapor and one of the most active secondary organic aerosol(SOA)species—by commercial activated carbon(AC).The results showed that the saturation static adsorption capacity(Q_(e))of 12 ACs varied from 0.9 to 870.7 mg/g,which correlated with the specific surface area(SSA)and pore volume.Among them,11#and 12#ACs were identified as the most effective adsorbents for typical gasoline vapor removal.The maximum dynamic Q_(e) increased from 301.5 to 414.3 mg/g when the initial xylene concentration rose from 918 to 2008 mg/m^(3) for 11#AC,and from 201.4 to 406.2 mg/g when the initial xylene concentration increased from 589 to 2120 mg/m^(3) for 12#AC.These findings implied a direct correlation between higher initial xylene concentrations and greater dynamic Q_(e) values,with static Q_(e) values surpassing dynamic values.The adsorption kinetics simulation were analyzed by the pseudo-first-order(PFO)and pseudo-second-order(PSO)kinetics.The kinetics results demonstrated that the PFO was more effective in characterizing the adsorption of xylene onto ACs(R2>0.989),indicating that the adsorption of typical gasoline vapor by ACs primarily involves physical adsorption.The findings of static/dynamic adsorption and kinetics provide valuable guidance for practical applications of gasoline vapor removal in service stations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1904147,31700677,U20A20369,82272785)Henan Provincial Science and Technology Research Project(232102311172)+3 种基金Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(KQTD20190929173853397)“Pearl River Talent Plan”Innovation and Entrepreneurship Team Project of Guangdong Province(2019ZT08Y464)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2022B1515120085)Fostering Project for Young Teachers of Zhengzhou University(JC22851042)。
文摘The immune checkpoint TIGIT/PVR blockade exhibits significant antitumor effects through activation of NK and CD8^(+)T cell-mediated cytotoxicity.Immune checkpoint blockade(ICB)could induce tumor ferroptosis through IFN-γreleased by immune cells,indicating the synergetic effects of ICB with ferroptosis in inhibiting tumor growth.However,the development of TIGIT/PVR inhibitors with ferroptosis-inducing effects has not been explored yet.In this study,the small molecule Hemin that could bind withTIGIT to block TIGIT/PVR interaction was screened by virtual molecular docking and cell-based blocking assay.Hemin could effectively restore the IL-2 secretion from Jurkat-hTIGIT cells.Hemin reinvigorated the function of CD8^(+)T cells to secrete IFN-γand the elevated IFN-γcould synergize with Hemin to induce ferroptosis in tumor cells.Hemin inhibited tumor growth by boosting CD8^(+)T cell immune response and inducing ferroptosis in CT26 tumor model.More importantly,Hemin in combination with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade exhibited more effective antitumor efficacy in anti-PD-1 resistant B16 tumor model.In summary,our finding indicated that Hemin blocked TIGIT/PVR interaction and induced tumor cell ferroptosis,which provided a new therapeutic strategy to combine immunotherapy and ferroptosis for cancer treatment.
基金Supported by the National Major Science&Technology Project(2019ZX09732002)the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFE0102400)+1 种基金Beijing Key Specialty Program for Major Epidemic Prevention and Control(2021)the Beijing Chaoyang District Science and Technology Project(CYSF2206).
文摘Introduction:Human sapovirus(HuSaV)is an enteric virus responsible for sporadic cases and outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis(AGE)globally.A seven-year active surveillance study was conducted to investigate the molecular epidemiology of HuSaVs associated with AGE outbreaks in Chaoyang District of Beijing Municipality,China from January 2015 to December 2021.Methods:Fecal and anal swab samples were obtained from patients experiencing AGE outbreaks.HuSaVs were identified through reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),and partial viral protein 1(VP1)sequences(approximately 434 base pairs)were utilized for genotyping,single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)analysis,and phylogenetic examination.Results:HuSaVs were identified in 71 AGE outbreaks,demonstrating a detection rate of 10.5%,second only to norovirus.The primary demographic affected by HuSaV were children under the age of 5 in kindergarten settings.Infection rates tended to peak during two distinct periods:May to June and September to December.Upon genotyping,seven distinct genotypes emerged.GII.3 was the most prevalent,accounting for 54.9%of cases,followed by GI.1(12.7%),GI.2(9.9%),GII.5(7.0%),GI.5(2.8%),GI.6(1.4%),GII.1(1.4%),and untyped cases(9.9%).A phylogenetic analysis of GII.3 identified three distinct groups,with 15 notable SNPs observed.Conclusions:This study offers a comprehensive analysis of the persistent prevalence of HuSaV outbreaks in Chaoyang District,Beijing Municipality,China.Over time,the diversity of HuSaV subtypes has shifted,and it is now recognized as the second leading viral agent responsible for AGE outbreaks.This highlights the importance of ongoing surveillance in the future.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 42171160, 42225105, 42071115, 41972193)。
文摘In current research on the Anthropocene, assessing the impact of human activities via stratigraphic records of sediments and demarcating the Anthropocene epoch globally are critical scientific issues that urgently need to be addressed. The northeastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau(QXP), where humans first settled permanently in large numbers in the QXP, has varying sedimentary environments that are extremely sensitive to human activities. In contrast to other regions of the QXP, the northeastern sector boasts a richer array of climatic and environmental reconstruction sequences. This distinctive feature renders it an exemplary locale for investigating the stratigraphic boundary of the Anthropocene. Through in-depth analysis and integration of existing paleoclimate and paleoenvironment sequences in the northeastern QXP, we draw the following conclusions:(1) Throughout the past millennium, the impact of human activities on the environment of the northeastern QXP has become increasingly significant, especially in the past 200–300 years, gradually overshadowing climatic factors.(2) Since AD 1950,multiple physicochemical indicators related to human activities in the northeastern QXP have shown exponential growth,forming a distinct peak within the past millennium and clearly depicting the global “Great Acceleration” phenomenon and its development process.(3) Intensified human activities have driven swift environmental shifts and “decoupled” the interplay between climatic variations and the ecological environment, propelling the northeastern QXP into the “Early Anthropocene”from the “Late Holocene”. On the basis of the above findings, we construct a model suitable for identifying the stratigraphic boundary of the Anthropocene in the northeastern QXP and note that since the ecological environment in the northeastern QXP has entered the “Early Anthropocene”, the climate signals of certain physicochemical indicators in sediments are gradually becoming weaker, whereas the signals of human activities are becoming stronger.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB1090000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32172001 and 31871621 to H.L.+2 种基金32401855 to D.Q.)the STI 2030-Major Projects(2023ZD04070)the Major Program of Agricultural Biological Breeding(2023ZD0402301 to M.L.).
文摘Dear Editor,We identified and cloned the powdery mildew resistance gene Pm52 from wheat cultivars Liangxing 99 and Jimai 22 using map-based cloning.Pm52,encoding an NLR-PRK protein,was introgressed from T.timopheevii and confers broad-spectrum resistance.In addition,we developed and validated a functional marker,Pm52-FM,providing a reliable tool for marker-assisted selection to accelerate the breeding of wheat cultivars with pow-dery mildew resistance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China National Natural Science Foundation of China(32070550 and 31872631).
文摘Coordinated gene transcription in plastids and nuclei is necessary for the photosynthetic apparatus assembly during chloroplast biogenesis. Despite the identification of several transcription factors regulating nuclear-encoded photosynthetic gene transcription, transcription factors regulating plastid gene transcription are barely reported. Here, we report that BAI1 (“albino” in Chinese), a nucleus–plastid dual-targeted C2H2-type zinc-finger transcription factor in Arabidopsis, positively regulates and tunes the transcription of both nuclear and plastid genes. Knockout of BAI1 blocks chloroplast formation, producing albino seedlings and lethality. In plastids, BAI1 is a newly identified functional component of the pTAC (transcriptionally active chromosome complex), which interacts with another pTAC component, pTAC12/PAP5/HMR, to allow the effective assembly of plastid-encoded RNA polymerase (PEP) complexes. The transcript levels of PEP-dependent genes were reduced in the bai1 mutant. In contrast, the accumulation of nuclear-encoded RNA polymerase (NEP)-dependent transcripts was increased, suggesting that BAI1 is critical in maintaining PEP activity. BAI1 directly binds to the promoter regions of nuclear genes RbcSs and a plastid gene RbcL to activate their expression for RubisCO assembly. AtBAI1 homologs TaBAI1, GmBAI1a, and GmBAI1b from monocots and dicots can fully complement the defects of the Arabidopsis bai1 mutant. In contrast, Physcomitrium patens BAI1 (PpBAI1) only partially complements the bai1 mutant. Phylogenetic analysis of BAI1 and HMR uncovered that both components arose from late-diverging streptophyte algae, following a conserved evolutionary path during terrestrialization. In summary, this work unveils a BAI1-mediated transcription regulatory mechanism synchronizing the transcription of nuclear and plastid genes, necessary for hybrid photosynthetic complex assembly. This could be an intrinsic feature facilitating plant terrestrialization.
