The interaction between nanoparticles (NPs) and pollutants affects their bioavailability and toxicity.However,the processes by which NPs and pollutants change in vivo have rarely been explored.Here,using laser ablatio...The interaction between nanoparticles (NPs) and pollutants affects their bioavailability and toxicity.However,the processes by which NPs and pollutants change in vivo have rarely been explored.Here,using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS),we found that both nanoplastics and ZnO NPs caused more Cd to accumulate in zebrafish larvae,but with distinct pathways.Nanoplastics could adsorb Cd^(2+) and transfer it into the larvae through the“Trojan horse”effect.The coexposure of nanoplastics and Cd^(2+) caused Cd to accumulate in the abdomen where the nanoplastics were located without dissociation,showing a lower toxic effect than Cd^(2+) exposure alone.ZnO NPs weakly adsorbed Cd^(2+),but they increased the Zn and Cd contents in larvae by enhancing the expression of metal transporters.The coexposure of ZnO and Cd^(2+) evenly distributed Cd in the larvae,revealing a more severe toxic effect than Cd^(2+) exposure alone.Our results demonstrated the changing bioavailability and toxicity of Cd induced by different NPs.This also shows the vital role LA-ICP-MS plays in revealing the relationship between toxicity and bioavailability.In addition,the long-term effect of bioavailability on heavy metal toxicity and nanosafety deserves further investigation.展开更多
Objective:To conduct a visual analysis of the current status and hotspots of adolescent obesity research based on CiteSpace,to provide evidence-based basis for research directions and ideas in this field.Methods:This ...Objective:To conduct a visual analysis of the current status and hotspots of adolescent obesity research based on CiteSpace,to provide evidence-based basis for research directions and ideas in this field.Methods:This study used subject words and free words to retrieve literature from China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang Database,and VIP Core database.The retrieval time was from January 1,2010 to December 31,2024.CiteSpace6.3.R2 software was used to perform cluster sub-visualization analysis of the number of articles,authors,and keywords of literature on adolescent obesity.Results:A total of 523 Chinese articles were included.Since 2010,the number of articles on adolescent obesity in China showed an increasing trend,with an average annual growth rate of 12.3%.From the perspective of spatial distribution,more regions,institutions,and researchers have begun to pay attention to the research in this field,exploring the impact of dietary imbalance and insufficient exercise on adolescent obesity in different regions and the management methods.From the perspective of cooperation,the cooperation of various regions and institutions showed the characteristics of regional concentration or professional concentration,mainly distributed in medicine and physical education.High-frequency keywords included“living standard”,“exercise intervention”,“physical activity”,“mental health”,“body fat rate”,and“body fat rate”.After 2020,“intelligent weight management platform”and“remote follow-up”emerged to reflect the deep integration of technology and health management.Keyword cluster analysis showed that research hotspots focused on the etiological mechanism of obesity,intervention models,regional characteristics in different regions,and the risk of obesity-related metabolic diseases.With the launch of the national“Weight Management Year”initiative,research has been tilted to community health promotion and multi-sectoral collaboration,focusing on obesity prevention of preschool children and AI-driven personalized intervention programs[1].However,there is a bottleneck of lack of tracking mechanisms for long-term effects such as adolescent development and metabolic adaptability.Conclusions:The research status and hotspots of adolescent obesity have gradually shifted from early etiological exploration to precise intervention models driven by technology empowerment.In the future,researchers can build an obesity prevention and control network covering the whole life cycle and the whole region through the three-dimensional drive of“technological innovation×policy empowerment×disciplinary integration”,and eventually achieve the goal of reducing the obesity rate in adolescents.展开更多
Objective:To conduct a visual analysis of the current status and hotspots in the postoperative nursing of ureterocutaneostomy based on CiteSpace,in order to provide an evidence-based basis for the research direction a...Objective:To conduct a visual analysis of the current status and hotspots in the postoperative nursing of ureterocutaneostomy based on CiteSpace,in order to provide an evidence-based basis for the research direction and thinking in this field.Methods:In this study,the subject words and free words were used to search the China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang Database,VIP Database,and Web of Science Core Database as the literature sources.The search time limit was from January 1,1999 to December 31,2024.CiteSpace 6.3.R2 software was used to conduct a visual analysis of the publication volume,authors,and keyword clusters of the literature related to ureterocutaneostomy nursing.Results:A total of 129 Chinese literary works were finally included.The results showed that 2019 was the peak year of publication volume(20 domestic articles);the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University was the institution with the highest publication volume(13 articles);the high-frequency keywords included“bladder cancer”(42 times),“nursing”(29 times),and“quality of life”(16 times);the keyword cluster analysis showed that the research hotspots were concentrated in complication management,continuous nursing,and the application of intelligent technology.Conclusion:The nursing of ureterocutaneostomy has developed from a single technical operation to a multi-dimensional comprehensive intervention system,and the nursing shows a trend of multidisciplinary integration.In the future,it is necessary to strengthen the research and development of intelligent technology,the promotion of standardized nursing processes,and the balanced allocation of regional resources.展开更多
Here, we analyzed whether the microRNA (miRNA) expression levels differ between maize inbred lines B73 and Mo17 and their reciprocal hybrids under salt and drought stress. We found that miR156, miR164, miR166, miR168,...Here, we analyzed whether the microRNA (miRNA) expression levels differ between maize inbred lines B73 and Mo17 and their reciprocal hybrids under salt and drought stress. We found that miR156, miR164, miR166, miR168, miR171 and miR319 are differentially expressed under abiotic stress. Interestingly, Mo17 × B73 showed the strongest change in miRNA expression in response to salt or drought stress, and was also the most resilient line when under abiotic stress in terms of water loss. In summary, our findings open the possibility that differential miRNA expression levels might be involved in heightened stress tolerance in maize hybrids.展开更多
The difficulty in achieving high removal efficiency for contaminants in textile wastewater over a wide range of p H impedes the progress of its treatment technique greatly.Herein,a facile and sustainable strategy was ...The difficulty in achieving high removal efficiency for contaminants in textile wastewater over a wide range of p H impedes the progress of its treatment technique greatly.Herein,a facile and sustainable strategy was adopted for constructing magnetic ordered mesoporous polymers(M-OMPs)without the assistance of organic solvent and catalyst.The prepared M-OMPs were endowed with high special surface area and good superparamagnetism simultaneously,and exhibited high removal efficiency(>99%)for Methylene Blue(MB)within a short time(10 min)at a concentration of 50 mg/L.What’s more,high removal efficiency was achieved over a wide range of p H 2-12 and the adsorption capacity for MB on M-OMPs was substantially retained even after 5 adsorption-desorption cycles,further demonstrating the application potential of M-OMPs in the decontamination of textile wastewater.展开更多
The transformation of quantum dots(QDs)by organisms has attracted broad attention but remains unclear.Understanding of the metabolites helps to reveal the transformation pathway of QDs.Cd containingmetallothionein(MT)...The transformation of quantum dots(QDs)by organisms has attracted broad attention but remains unclear.Understanding of the metabolites helps to reveal the transformation pathway of QDs.Cd containingmetallothionein(MT)are the main species formed by Cd released from CdSe QDs in HepG2 cells,while speciation analysis of Cd containing MTs remains a challenge because MTs has several subisoforms and can bind with several metals.Herein,we built a hyphenated platform for speciation analysis of QDs in HepG2 cells after treatment with CdSe/ZnS QDs.The Cd-containing MTs were separated in reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography(RP-HPLC)and subsequently online detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS)and electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(ESI-Q-TOF-MS)parallelly.Four groups of Cd-containing metabolites were found by detecting Cd in ICP-MS.Their structures were identified in ESI-Q-TOF-MS and further confirmed with standards of four subisoforms of MT,including N-terminal acetylation MT2a,N-terminal acetylation MT1e,N-terminal acetylation MT1g and MT1m.Each group of them contains various stoichiometry of Cd/Zn.The metabolites of QDs remain same while the concentrations of each metabolite and its stoichiometry of Cd/Zn vary for different incubation concentration/time.This work provides a new parallel hyphenation technique of HPLC-ICP-MS/ESI-MS with high separation resolution and powerful detection ability,and the obtained results provide detailed metabolism information of QDs in HepG2 cells after treatment of CdSe/ZnS QDs,contributing to deep exploration of the functional mechanisms of QDs in organisms.展开更多
Post-resection recurrence remains a severe problem in melanoma treatment.New therapeutic strategies,such as chemodynamic therapy(CDT),exhibit high specificity and responsiveness,demonstrating potential to elicit antit...Post-resection recurrence remains a severe problem in melanoma treatment.New therapeutic strategies,such as chemodynamic therapy(CDT),exhibit high specificity and responsiveness,demonstrating potential to elicit antitumor immune responses by triggering immunogenic cell death(ICD).However,the efficacy of CDT still faces challenges from the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment(TME)characterized by elevated lactate levels.Herein,we propose a strategy to construct an immunomodulatory hydrogel to synergistically reprogram tumor-associated macrophages and amplify ICD to inhibit melanoma recurrence after surgery.The hyaluronic acid hydrogel containing borosilicate glasses(BGs)and Fe_(3)O_(4) nanoparticles(HBF hydrogel)are obtained,which can neutralize tumor acidity to reprogram macrophages to M1 phenotype.Furthermore,the HBF hydrogel induces reactive oxygen species production in melanoma cells,which could induce ICD through CDT and stimulate strong antitumor immune responses,thereby promoting tumor immunotherapy.The cooperative ICD induced by CDT and immunosuppressive TME remodeling leads to effective suppression of tumor recurrence.This work provides a promising strategy for immunomodulation-enhanced melanoma therapy through the fabrication of hydrogel to prevent postsurgical tumor recurrence.展开更多
The chiral heterobenzylic amines,such as a-alkyl substituted chiral oxadiazole methylamine skeletons are widely present in pesticides and pharmaceuticals,due to their unique biological activities.The enantioselective ...The chiral heterobenzylic amines,such as a-alkyl substituted chiral oxadiazole methylamine skeletons are widely present in pesticides and pharmaceuticals,due to their unique biological activities.The enantioselective 0(sp^(3))-H alkylation of heterobenzylic amines is an important strategy for the synthesis of a-alkylate chiral heterobenzylic amines.Herein,we disclose the first example of photoinduced and Cu-catalyzed enantioselective decarboxylative C(sp^(3))-H alkylation of oxadiazole methylamines.展开更多
Studies show that two dimensional(2D)nanomaterial and its hybrid have a great promise in tribology for the special laminar microstructure.However,the majority of performed investigations about 2D graphitic carbon nitr...Studies show that two dimensional(2D)nanomaterial and its hybrid have a great promise in tribology for the special laminar microstructure.However,the majority of performed investigations about 2D graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))nanosheets are most focused on energy storage,catalysis,adsorption,rarely tribology.In the present study,g-C_(3)N_(4) supporting mono-dispersed Ag nanoparticle hybrid(g-C_(3)N_(4)/Ag)is prepared,and its microstructure and chemical composition are determined.More specifically,the tribological performance as the lubricating additive of poly phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone(PPESK)composite is investigated using the ball-on-disc friction tester.Moreover,the corresponding enhancement mechanism is well proposed based on the experimental analysis and theoretical simulation.Obtained results show that Ag nanoparticles with a size of about 10-20 nm are homogeneously anchored on g-C_(3)N_(4) nanosheets,favoring for good compatibility between g-C_(3)N_(4)/Ag and PPESK.It is found that when 0.3 wt%of g-C_(3)N_(4)/Ag is added to PPESK,the friction coefficient and wear rate of PPESK decrease by 68.9%and 97.1%,respectively.These reductions are mainly attributed to the synergistic self-lubricating effect of Ag nanoparticles and g-C_(3)N_(4) nanosheet,the formation of transfer film,as well as the limited effect of g-C_(3)N_(4)/Ag on the shear deformation of PPESK composite film.Furthermore,it is found that the proposed g-C_(3)N_(4)/Ag-PPESK composite still keeps reasonable friction-reducing and wear-resistant properties under heavy loads and high rotating speeds.The present study demonstrates that the proposed g-C_(3)N_(4)/Ag hybrid is an excellent lubricating additive for polymer composites.展开更多
Background Genetic generalized epilepsy(GGE)accounts for nearly one-third of all epilepsies.The feature of status epilepticus(SE)in patients with GGE has been rarely studied.We aimed to determine the electroclinical c...Background Genetic generalized epilepsy(GGE)accounts for nearly one-third of all epilepsies.The feature of status epilepticus(SE)in patients with GGE has been rarely studied.We aimed to determine the electroclinical characteristics of SEin patients with GGE.Methods In this retrospective study,nine patients with GGE were enrolled at Xijing Hospital,Xi'an,China from May 2014 to May 2020.SE was confrmed by 24-h video-EEG recording.The demography,clinical manifestation,brain MRI and SEpatternwereanalyzed.Results Of the nine patients in the study,seven were female.The mean age of the patients at the time of inclusion was 16.8 years(range 7-31 years),and the mean age at the onset of epilepsy was 10.9 years(range 6-17 years).The follow-up time ranged from 3 months to 6 years.Myoclonic absence status was identified in four patients showing eyelid myoclonia with absence and one patient showing perioral myoclonia with absences.Myoclonic SE was identi-fied in three patients showing juvenile myoclonic epilepsy.Autonomic SE was found in one patient with eyelid myo-clonia with absence.SE was terminated by oral midazolam in four patients.In the other five patients,SE terminated spontaneously.Conclusions The seizure type of SE in patients with GGE is often consistent with their major symptoms.Oral mida-zolam may be an option to terminate SE in patients with GGE.展开更多
Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is the most common neurodegenerative brain disorder that is characterized by the deposition of amyloid-β protein(Aβ)and neurofibrillary aggregates(tau).There is currently no cure for AD;howev...Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is the most common neurodegenerative brain disorder that is characterized by the deposition of amyloid-β protein(Aβ)and neurofibrillary aggregates(tau).There is currently no cure for AD;however,early diagnosis and intervention may prevent progression to dementia.In addition to CSF and blood biomarkers,imaging techniques,such as PET,fMRI,volumetric MRI,and chemical exchange saturation transfer(CEST),have facilitated the early diagnosis of AD and provided essential information about the pathophysiology of AD.Indeed,CEST findings have helped clarify important aspects of the pathophysiology underlying AD.In this article we provide an in-depth review of different CEST applications,including endogenous CEST(APT,creatine-CEST,and glutamate-CEST)and exogenous CEST(angiopep2,glucose,and glymphatic system-related CEST),in further elucidating the pathophysiology of AD and discuss the potential of novel approaches.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Nos.22174103 and 21575107)。
文摘The interaction between nanoparticles (NPs) and pollutants affects their bioavailability and toxicity.However,the processes by which NPs and pollutants change in vivo have rarely been explored.Here,using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS),we found that both nanoplastics and ZnO NPs caused more Cd to accumulate in zebrafish larvae,but with distinct pathways.Nanoplastics could adsorb Cd^(2+) and transfer it into the larvae through the“Trojan horse”effect.The coexposure of nanoplastics and Cd^(2+) caused Cd to accumulate in the abdomen where the nanoplastics were located without dissociation,showing a lower toxic effect than Cd^(2+) exposure alone.ZnO NPs weakly adsorbed Cd^(2+),but they increased the Zn and Cd contents in larvae by enhancing the expression of metal transporters.The coexposure of ZnO and Cd^(2+) evenly distributed Cd in the larvae,revealing a more severe toxic effect than Cd^(2+) exposure alone.Our results demonstrated the changing bioavailability and toxicity of Cd induced by different NPs.This also shows the vital role LA-ICP-MS plays in revealing the relationship between toxicity and bioavailability.In addition,the long-term effect of bioavailability on heavy metal toxicity and nanosafety deserves further investigation.
文摘Objective:To conduct a visual analysis of the current status and hotspots of adolescent obesity research based on CiteSpace,to provide evidence-based basis for research directions and ideas in this field.Methods:This study used subject words and free words to retrieve literature from China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang Database,and VIP Core database.The retrieval time was from January 1,2010 to December 31,2024.CiteSpace6.3.R2 software was used to perform cluster sub-visualization analysis of the number of articles,authors,and keywords of literature on adolescent obesity.Results:A total of 523 Chinese articles were included.Since 2010,the number of articles on adolescent obesity in China showed an increasing trend,with an average annual growth rate of 12.3%.From the perspective of spatial distribution,more regions,institutions,and researchers have begun to pay attention to the research in this field,exploring the impact of dietary imbalance and insufficient exercise on adolescent obesity in different regions and the management methods.From the perspective of cooperation,the cooperation of various regions and institutions showed the characteristics of regional concentration or professional concentration,mainly distributed in medicine and physical education.High-frequency keywords included“living standard”,“exercise intervention”,“physical activity”,“mental health”,“body fat rate”,and“body fat rate”.After 2020,“intelligent weight management platform”and“remote follow-up”emerged to reflect the deep integration of technology and health management.Keyword cluster analysis showed that research hotspots focused on the etiological mechanism of obesity,intervention models,regional characteristics in different regions,and the risk of obesity-related metabolic diseases.With the launch of the national“Weight Management Year”initiative,research has been tilted to community health promotion and multi-sectoral collaboration,focusing on obesity prevention of preschool children and AI-driven personalized intervention programs[1].However,there is a bottleneck of lack of tracking mechanisms for long-term effects such as adolescent development and metabolic adaptability.Conclusions:The research status and hotspots of adolescent obesity have gradually shifted from early etiological exploration to precise intervention models driven by technology empowerment.In the future,researchers can build an obesity prevention and control network covering the whole life cycle and the whole region through the three-dimensional drive of“technological innovation×policy empowerment×disciplinary integration”,and eventually achieve the goal of reducing the obesity rate in adolescents.
基金Research Project of the First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University(HL202102)。
文摘Objective:To conduct a visual analysis of the current status and hotspots in the postoperative nursing of ureterocutaneostomy based on CiteSpace,in order to provide an evidence-based basis for the research direction and thinking in this field.Methods:In this study,the subject words and free words were used to search the China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang Database,VIP Database,and Web of Science Core Database as the literature sources.The search time limit was from January 1,1999 to December 31,2024.CiteSpace 6.3.R2 software was used to conduct a visual analysis of the publication volume,authors,and keyword clusters of the literature related to ureterocutaneostomy nursing.Results:A total of 129 Chinese literary works were finally included.The results showed that 2019 was the peak year of publication volume(20 domestic articles);the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University was the institution with the highest publication volume(13 articles);the high-frequency keywords included“bladder cancer”(42 times),“nursing”(29 times),and“quality of life”(16 times);the keyword cluster analysis showed that the research hotspots were concentrated in complication management,continuous nursing,and the application of intelligent technology.Conclusion:The nursing of ureterocutaneostomy has developed from a single technical operation to a multi-dimensional comprehensive intervention system,and the nursing shows a trend of multidisciplinary integration.In the future,it is necessary to strengthen the research and development of intelligent technology,the promotion of standardized nursing processes,and the balanced allocation of regional resources.
文摘Here, we analyzed whether the microRNA (miRNA) expression levels differ between maize inbred lines B73 and Mo17 and their reciprocal hybrids under salt and drought stress. We found that miR156, miR164, miR166, miR168, miR171 and miR319 are differentially expressed under abiotic stress. Interestingly, Mo17 × B73 showed the strongest change in miRNA expression in response to salt or drought stress, and was also the most resilient line when under abiotic stress in terms of water loss. In summary, our findings open the possibility that differential miRNA expression levels might be involved in heightened stress tolerance in maize hybrids.
基金the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Nos.21775113 and 21974100)the Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of NSFC(No.20921062)。
文摘The difficulty in achieving high removal efficiency for contaminants in textile wastewater over a wide range of p H impedes the progress of its treatment technique greatly.Herein,a facile and sustainable strategy was adopted for constructing magnetic ordered mesoporous polymers(M-OMPs)without the assistance of organic solvent and catalyst.The prepared M-OMPs were endowed with high special surface area and good superparamagnetism simultaneously,and exhibited high removal efficiency(>99%)for Methylene Blue(MB)within a short time(10 min)at a concentration of 50 mg/L.What’s more,high removal efficiency was achieved over a wide range of p H 2-12 and the adsorption capacity for MB on M-OMPs was substantially retained even after 5 adsorption-desorption cycles,further demonstrating the application potential of M-OMPs in the decontamination of textile wastewater.
基金The financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21575107,21775113,21575108)the Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of NSFC(No.20921062)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.114009)。
文摘The transformation of quantum dots(QDs)by organisms has attracted broad attention but remains unclear.Understanding of the metabolites helps to reveal the transformation pathway of QDs.Cd containingmetallothionein(MT)are the main species formed by Cd released from CdSe QDs in HepG2 cells,while speciation analysis of Cd containing MTs remains a challenge because MTs has several subisoforms and can bind with several metals.Herein,we built a hyphenated platform for speciation analysis of QDs in HepG2 cells after treatment with CdSe/ZnS QDs.The Cd-containing MTs were separated in reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography(RP-HPLC)and subsequently online detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS)and electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(ESI-Q-TOF-MS)parallelly.Four groups of Cd-containing metabolites were found by detecting Cd in ICP-MS.Their structures were identified in ESI-Q-TOF-MS and further confirmed with standards of four subisoforms of MT,including N-terminal acetylation MT2a,N-terminal acetylation MT1e,N-terminal acetylation MT1g and MT1m.Each group of them contains various stoichiometry of Cd/Zn.The metabolites of QDs remain same while the concentrations of each metabolite and its stoichiometry of Cd/Zn vary for different incubation concentration/time.This work provides a new parallel hyphenation technique of HPLC-ICP-MS/ESI-MS with high separation resolution and powerful detection ability,and the obtained results provide detailed metabolism information of QDs in HepG2 cells after treatment of CdSe/ZnS QDs,contributing to deep exploration of the functional mechanisms of QDs in organisms.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFC2400500)National Natural Science Foundation of China (52173271, 52361165659, and 52221006)Beijing Outstanding Young Scientist Program(BJJWZYJH01201910010024)。
文摘Post-resection recurrence remains a severe problem in melanoma treatment.New therapeutic strategies,such as chemodynamic therapy(CDT),exhibit high specificity and responsiveness,demonstrating potential to elicit antitumor immune responses by triggering immunogenic cell death(ICD).However,the efficacy of CDT still faces challenges from the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment(TME)characterized by elevated lactate levels.Herein,we propose a strategy to construct an immunomodulatory hydrogel to synergistically reprogram tumor-associated macrophages and amplify ICD to inhibit melanoma recurrence after surgery.The hyaluronic acid hydrogel containing borosilicate glasses(BGs)and Fe_(3)O_(4) nanoparticles(HBF hydrogel)are obtained,which can neutralize tumor acidity to reprogram macrophages to M1 phenotype.Furthermore,the HBF hydrogel induces reactive oxygen species production in melanoma cells,which could induce ICD through CDT and stimulate strong antitumor immune responses,thereby promoting tumor immunotherapy.The cooperative ICD induced by CDT and immunosuppressive TME remodeling leads to effective suppression of tumor recurrence.This work provides a promising strategy for immunomodulation-enhanced melanoma therapy through the fabrication of hydrogel to prevent postsurgical tumor recurrence.
基金support from the NSFC(Nos.21971098,2200110522201112,22271126)Innovation Project of Medicine and Health Science and Technology of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(No.2019-12M-5-074)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province,China(No.23JRRA1091)Key R&D Project of Gansu Province,China(No.22YF7WA010).
文摘The chiral heterobenzylic amines,such as a-alkyl substituted chiral oxadiazole methylamine skeletons are widely present in pesticides and pharmaceuticals,due to their unique biological activities.The enantioselective 0(sp^(3))-H alkylation of heterobenzylic amines is an important strategy for the synthesis of a-alkylate chiral heterobenzylic amines.Herein,we disclose the first example of photoinduced and Cu-catalyzed enantioselective decarboxylative C(sp^(3))-H alkylation of oxadiazole methylamines.
基金This work was financially supported by the Project of Jiangsu Provincial Six Talent Peak(No.XCL-214)Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Solid lubrication(No.LSL-1709)Senior Intellectuals Fund of Jiangsu University(No.13JDG099).
文摘Studies show that two dimensional(2D)nanomaterial and its hybrid have a great promise in tribology for the special laminar microstructure.However,the majority of performed investigations about 2D graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))nanosheets are most focused on energy storage,catalysis,adsorption,rarely tribology.In the present study,g-C_(3)N_(4) supporting mono-dispersed Ag nanoparticle hybrid(g-C_(3)N_(4)/Ag)is prepared,and its microstructure and chemical composition are determined.More specifically,the tribological performance as the lubricating additive of poly phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone(PPESK)composite is investigated using the ball-on-disc friction tester.Moreover,the corresponding enhancement mechanism is well proposed based on the experimental analysis and theoretical simulation.Obtained results show that Ag nanoparticles with a size of about 10-20 nm are homogeneously anchored on g-C_(3)N_(4) nanosheets,favoring for good compatibility between g-C_(3)N_(4)/Ag and PPESK.It is found that when 0.3 wt%of g-C_(3)N_(4)/Ag is added to PPESK,the friction coefficient and wear rate of PPESK decrease by 68.9%and 97.1%,respectively.These reductions are mainly attributed to the synergistic self-lubricating effect of Ag nanoparticles and g-C_(3)N_(4) nanosheet,the formation of transfer film,as well as the limited effect of g-C_(3)N_(4)/Ag on the shear deformation of PPESK composite film.Furthermore,it is found that the proposed g-C_(3)N_(4)/Ag-PPESK composite still keeps reasonable friction-reducing and wear-resistant properties under heavy loads and high rotating speeds.The present study demonstrates that the proposed g-C_(3)N_(4)/Ag hybrid is an excellent lubricating additive for polymer composites.
基金supported by the Military Medicine Promotion Program of Air Force Medical University(2020JSTS21)the Aviation Medicine Major Project of Air Force Medical University(2019ZTB03).
文摘Background Genetic generalized epilepsy(GGE)accounts for nearly one-third of all epilepsies.The feature of status epilepticus(SE)in patients with GGE has been rarely studied.We aimed to determine the electroclinical characteristics of SEin patients with GGE.Methods In this retrospective study,nine patients with GGE were enrolled at Xijing Hospital,Xi'an,China from May 2014 to May 2020.SE was confrmed by 24-h video-EEG recording.The demography,clinical manifestation,brain MRI and SEpatternwereanalyzed.Results Of the nine patients in the study,seven were female.The mean age of the patients at the time of inclusion was 16.8 years(range 7-31 years),and the mean age at the onset of epilepsy was 10.9 years(range 6-17 years).The follow-up time ranged from 3 months to 6 years.Myoclonic absence status was identified in four patients showing eyelid myoclonia with absence and one patient showing perioral myoclonia with absences.Myoclonic SE was identi-fied in three patients showing juvenile myoclonic epilepsy.Autonomic SE was found in one patient with eyelid myo-clonia with absence.SE was terminated by oral midazolam in four patients.In the other five patients,SE terminated spontaneously.Conclusions The seizure type of SE in patients with GGE is often consistent with their major symptoms.Oral mida-zolam may be an option to terminate SE in patients with GGE.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant no.31870981)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(grant no.2022CFB960).
文摘Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is the most common neurodegenerative brain disorder that is characterized by the deposition of amyloid-β protein(Aβ)and neurofibrillary aggregates(tau).There is currently no cure for AD;however,early diagnosis and intervention may prevent progression to dementia.In addition to CSF and blood biomarkers,imaging techniques,such as PET,fMRI,volumetric MRI,and chemical exchange saturation transfer(CEST),have facilitated the early diagnosis of AD and provided essential information about the pathophysiology of AD.Indeed,CEST findings have helped clarify important aspects of the pathophysiology underlying AD.In this article we provide an in-depth review of different CEST applications,including endogenous CEST(APT,creatine-CEST,and glutamate-CEST)and exogenous CEST(angiopep2,glucose,and glymphatic system-related CEST),in further elucidating the pathophysiology of AD and discuss the potential of novel approaches.
