With the objective of investigating the basis of phosphorus(P)utilization efficiency(PUE),physiological and morphological traits,two P-efficient and two P-inefficient rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)cultivars were compared...With the objective of investigating the basis of phosphorus(P)utilization efficiency(PUE),physiological and morphological traits,two P-efficient and two P-inefficient rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)cultivars were compared at the seedling stage.P-efficient cultivars showed root morphological adaptation,high P uptake activity,and greater phospholipid degradation under low P stress.Improving root morphological adaptation and reducing lipid-P allocation could allow increasing PUE in rapeseed seedlings.展开更多
AIM： To establish a rapid and accurate method for the detection of lamivudine-resistant mutations in hepatitis B virus and monitor of lamivudine resistance during lamivudine treatment in patients with chronic hepatit...AIM： To establish a rapid and accurate method for the detection of lamivudine-resistant mutations in hepatitis B virus and monitor of lamivudine resistance during lamivudine treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. METHODS： We established a real-time PCR method using a universal template and TaqMan probe to detect YMDD mutants. Variants of YVDD and YIDD were tested by individual reactions （reaction Ⅴ and reaction Ⅰ） and total hepatitis B viruses were detected in another reaction for control （reaction C）. Results were determined by △Ct〈3.5 （△Ct = Ct of reaction Ⅴ or Ⅰ - Ct of reaction C）. Clones of the HBV polymerase gene containing different YMDD mutations were tested. Serum samples from 163 lamivudine-treated patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection were detected using this method and the results were confirmed by DNA sequencing. RESULTS： As many as 1000 copies per milliliter of widetype plasmid were detected and nonspecific priming was excluded. In the 163 samples from patients treated with lamivudine, lamivudine-resistant mutations were detected in 51 samples. CONCLUSION： This universal real-time PCR is a rapid and accurate method for quantification of YMDD mutants of HBV virus in lamivudine-treated patients and can be used to monitor lamivudine-resistant mutations before and during lamivudine therapy.展开更多
Soil salinization is a globally prevalent abiotic environmental stress.The imbalance of ions caused by high concentrations of sodium chloride results in a 40%reduction in soybean yield.Soybean,as an important crop for...Soil salinization is a globally prevalent abiotic environmental stress.The imbalance of ions caused by high concentrations of sodium chloride results in a 40%reduction in soybean yield.Soybean,as an important crop for soil quality improvement,necessitates the identification of salt-tolerant varieties and germplasms to effectively utilize and enhance saline-alkali land.In this study,we assessed the salt tolerance of 435 soybean varieties and germplasms during the seedling stage.Among them,Qihuang34,You2104,Hongzhudou,Pamanheidou,and Osage exhibited grade 1 salt tolerance rates surpassing other tested materials.Furthermore,Hongzhudou and Qihuang34 demonstrated higher salt tolerance during germination and emergence stages based on their elevated rates of emergence,salt tolerance index,chlorophyll content,and shoot fresh weights.Overall findings provide valuable resources for molecular breeding efforts aimed at developing salt-tolerant soybean varieties suitable for cultivation in saline-alkali soils.展开更多
Global warming is limiting availability of water resources in arid and semi-arid regions,and so understanding water use efficiency(WUE)is increasingly important for agricultural production in those areas.As China is t...Global warming is limiting availability of water resources in arid and semi-arid regions,and so understanding water use efficiency(WUE)is increasingly important for agricultural production in those areas.As China is the largest cotton producing area,the problem of balancing WUE and efficient cotton production is a major issue.In this study,we used a natural population of 517 Upland cotton accessions to conduct a water-controlled trial in south and north of Xinjiang over two years.A total of 18 traits including agronomic traits,fiber yield indices and fiber quality indices,were investigated for broad-sense heritability and coefficient of variation.Appropriate water limitation was found to promote the establishment of favorable agronomic traits in cotton,associated with an increased cotton yield of 8.46%in Xinjiang,at the expense of a certain degree of fiber quality,such as decreased fiber length and an over-higher micronaire value.We detected 33 QTL related to response to water limitation using a drought resistance coefficient(DRC),and 6 QTL were found using a comprehensive indicator of CIDT(comprehensive index of drought tolerance)at the genetic level by integrating resequencing data.Two novel QTL-hotspots including six differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were further identified related to the drought response of cotton.These findings not only suggested a new approach to irrigation of cotton fields in Xinjiang,but also provided abundant genetic evidence for genetic breeders to study drought improvement of crops.展开更多
Thirteen thiomorpholine-bearing compounds were designed and synthesized as dipeptidyl peptidase IV（DPP-IV） inhibitors, with natural and non-natural L-amino acids as the starting materials.Their structures were chara...Thirteen thiomorpholine-bearing compounds were designed and synthesized as dipeptidyl peptidase IV（DPP-IV） inhibitors, with natural and non-natural L-amino acids as the starting materials.Their structures were characterized by ~1H NMR,^（13）C NMR and HR-MS.The target compounds were screened for the DPP-IV inhibition,and the preliminary SAR result was obtained.Particularly, compounds 4c,4d and 4f with good DPP-IV inhibition in vitro were further evaluated through a mouse oral glucose tolerance test （OGTT）.The preliminary result showed the potential value for further studies on those thiomorpholine-bearing compounds as DPP-IV inhibitors.展开更多
Chemical defoliation stands as the ultimate tool in enabling the mechanical harvest of cotton, offering economic and environmental advantages. However, the underlying molecular mechanism that triggers leaf abscission ...Chemical defoliation stands as the ultimate tool in enabling the mechanical harvest of cotton, offering economic and environmental advantages. However, the underlying molecular mechanism that triggers leaf abscission through defoliant remains unsolved. In this study, we meticulously constructed a transcriptomic atlas through single-nucleus mRNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) of the abscission zone (AZ) from cotton petiole. We identified two newly-formed cell types, abscission cells and protection layer cells in cotton petiole AZ after defoliant treatment. GhRLF1 (RAPID LEAF FALLING 1), as one of the members of the cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKX) gene family, was further characterized as a key marker gene unique to the abscission cells following defoliant treatment. Overexpression of GhRLF1 resulted in reduced cytokinin accumulation and accelerated leaf abscission. Conversely, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated loss of GhRLF1 function appeared to delay this process. Its interacting regulators, GhWRKY70, acting as “Pioneer” activator, and GhMYB108, acting as “Successor” activator, orchestrate a sequential modulation of GhWRKY70/GhMYB108–GhRLF1–CTK (cytokinin) within the AZ to regulate cotton leaf abscission. GhRLF1 not only regulates leaf abscission but also reduces cotton yield. Consequently, transgenic lines that exhibit rapid leaf falling and require less defoliant but show unaffected cotton yield were developed for mechanical harvesting. This was achieved using a defoliant-induced petiole-specific promoter, proPER21, to drive GhRLF1 (proPER21::RLF1). This pioneering biotechnology offers a new strategy for the chemical defoliation of machine-harvested cotton, ensuring stable production and reducing leaf debris in harvested cotton, thereby enhancing environmental sustainability.展开更多
In this paper,the machine learning(ML)model is built for slope stability evaluation and meets the high precision and rapidity requirements in slope engineering.Different ML methods for the factor of safety(FOS)predict...In this paper,the machine learning(ML)model is built for slope stability evaluation and meets the high precision and rapidity requirements in slope engineering.Different ML methods for the factor of safety(FOS)prediction are studied and compared hoping to make the best use of the large variety of existing statistical and ML regression methods collected.The data set of this study includes six characteristics,namely unit weight,cohesion,internal friction angle,slope angle,slope height,and pore water pressure ratio.The whole ML model is primarily divided into data preprocessing,outlier processing,and model evaluation.In the data preprocessing,the duplicated data are first removed,then the outliers are filtered by the LocalOutlierFactor method and finally,the data are standardized.11 ML methods are evaluated for their ability to learn the FOS based on different input parameter combinations.By analyzing the evaluation indicators R2,MAE,and MSE of these methods,SVM,GBR,and Bagging are considered to be the best regression methods.The performance and reliability of the nonlinear regression method are slightly better than that of the linear regression method.Also,the SVM-poly method is used to analyze the susceptibility of slope parameters.展开更多
Globally abundant wave energy for power generation attracts ever increasing attention. Because of non-linear dynamics and potential uncertainties in ocean energy conversion systems, generation productivity needs to be...Globally abundant wave energy for power generation attracts ever increasing attention. Because of non-linear dynamics and potential uncertainties in ocean energy conversion systems, generation productivity needs to be increased by applying robust control algorithms. This paper focuses on control strategies for a small ocean energy conversion system based on a direct driven permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). It evaluates the performance of two kinds of control strategies, i.e., traditional field-oriented control (FOC) and robust adaptive control. The proposed adaptive control successfully achieves maximum velocity and stable power production, with reduced speed tracking error and system response time. The adaptive control also guarantees global system stability and its superiority over FOC by using a non-linear back-stepping control technique offering a better optimization solution. The robustness of the ocean energy conversion system is further enhanced by investigating the Lyapunov method and the use of a DC-DC boost converter. To overcome system complexity, turbine-generator based power take-off (PTO) is considered. A Matlab/Simulink study verifies the advantages of a non-linear control strategy for an Oscillating Water Column (OWC) based power generation system.展开更多
Fully harnessing the ocean wave’s renewable energy resources could benefit coastal countries.However,ocean wave energy harvesting systems encounter several challenges,i.e.,marine uncertainties,long-distance mainte-na...Fully harnessing the ocean wave’s renewable energy resources could benefit coastal countries.However,ocean wave energy harvesting systems encounter several challenges,i.e.,marine uncertainties,long-distance mainte-nance,power fluctuations,irregular wave currents,non-linear generator dynamics,turbine limitations,cost optimization,and power smoothing issues.To overcome these challenges,this paper proposes a new multi-stage con-trol design approach for performance evaluation of the os-cillating water column(OWC)-based ocean wave energy conversion(OWEC)system.The first stage optimizes the Wells turbine by implementing an efficient airflow control strategy.It achieves maximum power-harvesting ability by eliminating stalling phenomena.In the second stage,we investigate the robustness of the permanent magnet syn-chronous generator-based OWEC system by designing adaptive back-stepping controllers,taking into account the Lyapunov stability theory.It accomplishes precise speed regulation for optimal power extraction while delivering reduced delay response and percentage errors.To ensure the OWEC system’s availability,the third stage incorporates fault-ride-through capabilities.It executes a fault reconfig-urable control for a parallel converter configuration,elimi-nating only the faulty leg instead of the entire power con-verter.In the fourth stage,a supercapacitors-based energy management system achieves power smoothing,even when the OWC plant output power fluctuates.We accomplish this by implementing a model predictive control strategy.Finally,the Matlab/Simulink results verify that the presented mul-ti-stage control for the OWC OWEC system is an effective design approach,offering an optimal,robust,reliable,and power-smoothing solution.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFD2301200)National Nature Science Foundation of China(32172662).
文摘With the objective of investigating the basis of phosphorus(P)utilization efficiency(PUE),physiological and morphological traits,two P-efficient and two P-inefficient rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)cultivars were compared at the seedling stage.P-efficient cultivars showed root morphological adaptation,high P uptake activity,and greater phospholipid degradation under low P stress.Improving root morphological adaptation and reducing lipid-P allocation could allow increasing PUE in rapeseed seedlings.
文摘AIM： To establish a rapid and accurate method for the detection of lamivudine-resistant mutations in hepatitis B virus and monitor of lamivudine resistance during lamivudine treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. METHODS： We established a real-time PCR method using a universal template and TaqMan probe to detect YMDD mutants. Variants of YVDD and YIDD were tested by individual reactions （reaction Ⅴ and reaction Ⅰ） and total hepatitis B viruses were detected in another reaction for control （reaction C）. Results were determined by △Ct〈3.5 （△Ct = Ct of reaction Ⅴ or Ⅰ - Ct of reaction C）. Clones of the HBV polymerase gene containing different YMDD mutations were tested. Serum samples from 163 lamivudine-treated patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection were detected using this method and the results were confirmed by DNA sequencing. RESULTS： As many as 1000 copies per milliliter of widetype plasmid were detected and nonspecific priming was excluded. In the 163 samples from patients treated with lamivudine, lamivudine-resistant mutations were detected in 51 samples. CONCLUSION： This universal real-time PCR is a rapid and accurate method for quantification of YMDD mutants of HBV virus in lamivudine-treated patients and can be used to monitor lamivudine-resistant mutations before and during lamivudine therapy.
基金supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China(32171957)Scientific and Technological Innovation 2030,Design and Cultivation of New High-Yielding Salt-Alkali Tolerant Soybean Varieties(2023ZD0403602)Knowledge Innovation Program of Wuhan(2023020201010127).
文摘Soil salinization is a globally prevalent abiotic environmental stress.The imbalance of ions caused by high concentrations of sodium chloride results in a 40%reduction in soybean yield.Soybean,as an important crop for soil quality improvement,necessitates the identification of salt-tolerant varieties and germplasms to effectively utilize and enhance saline-alkali land.In this study,we assessed the salt tolerance of 435 soybean varieties and germplasms during the seedling stage.Among them,Qihuang34,You2104,Hongzhudou,Pamanheidou,and Osage exhibited grade 1 salt tolerance rates surpassing other tested materials.Furthermore,Hongzhudou and Qihuang34 demonstrated higher salt tolerance during germination and emergence stages based on their elevated rates of emergence,salt tolerance index,chlorophyll content,and shoot fresh weights.Overall findings provide valuable resources for molecular breeding efforts aimed at developing salt-tolerant soybean varieties suitable for cultivation in saline-alkali soils.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD1000907)。
文摘Global warming is limiting availability of water resources in arid and semi-arid regions,and so understanding water use efficiency(WUE)is increasingly important for agricultural production in those areas.As China is the largest cotton producing area,the problem of balancing WUE and efficient cotton production is a major issue.In this study,we used a natural population of 517 Upland cotton accessions to conduct a water-controlled trial in south and north of Xinjiang over two years.A total of 18 traits including agronomic traits,fiber yield indices and fiber quality indices,were investigated for broad-sense heritability and coefficient of variation.Appropriate water limitation was found to promote the establishment of favorable agronomic traits in cotton,associated with an increased cotton yield of 8.46%in Xinjiang,at the expense of a certain degree of fiber quality,such as decreased fiber length and an over-higher micronaire value.We detected 33 QTL related to response to water limitation using a drought resistance coefficient(DRC),and 6 QTL were found using a comprehensive indicator of CIDT(comprehensive index of drought tolerance)at the genetic level by integrating resequencing data.Two novel QTL-hotspots including six differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were further identified related to the drought response of cotton.These findings not only suggested a new approach to irrigation of cotton fields in Xinjiang,but also provided abundant genetic evidence for genetic breeders to study drought improvement of crops.
基金the Fundamental Scientific Research Fund ofInstitute of Materia Medica(Li Peng 504-Basic 10 DPP IV inhibitor)for financial support on this project
文摘Thirteen thiomorpholine-bearing compounds were designed and synthesized as dipeptidyl peptidase IV（DPP-IV） inhibitors, with natural and non-natural L-amino acids as the starting materials.Their structures were characterized by ~1H NMR,^（13）C NMR and HR-MS.The target compounds were screened for the DPP-IV inhibition,and the preliminary SAR result was obtained.Particularly, compounds 4c,4d and 4f with good DPP-IV inhibition in vitro were further evaluated through a mouse oral glucose tolerance test （OGTT）.The preliminary result showed the potential value for further studies on those thiomorpholine-bearing compounds as DPP-IV inhibitors.
基金supported by funding from the National Key Project of Research and the Development Plan of China(2021YFF1000103)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32171942)The development fund for Xinjiang talents XL,and the Agricultural GG Project of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps(NYHXGG,2023AA102).
文摘Chemical defoliation stands as the ultimate tool in enabling the mechanical harvest of cotton, offering economic and environmental advantages. However, the underlying molecular mechanism that triggers leaf abscission through defoliant remains unsolved. In this study, we meticulously constructed a transcriptomic atlas through single-nucleus mRNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) of the abscission zone (AZ) from cotton petiole. We identified two newly-formed cell types, abscission cells and protection layer cells in cotton petiole AZ after defoliant treatment. GhRLF1 (RAPID LEAF FALLING 1), as one of the members of the cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKX) gene family, was further characterized as a key marker gene unique to the abscission cells following defoliant treatment. Overexpression of GhRLF1 resulted in reduced cytokinin accumulation and accelerated leaf abscission. Conversely, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated loss of GhRLF1 function appeared to delay this process. Its interacting regulators, GhWRKY70, acting as “Pioneer” activator, and GhMYB108, acting as “Successor” activator, orchestrate a sequential modulation of GhWRKY70/GhMYB108–GhRLF1–CTK (cytokinin) within the AZ to regulate cotton leaf abscission. GhRLF1 not only regulates leaf abscission but also reduces cotton yield. Consequently, transgenic lines that exhibit rapid leaf falling and require less defoliant but show unaffected cotton yield were developed for mechanical harvesting. This was achieved using a defoliant-induced petiole-specific promoter, proPER21, to drive GhRLF1 (proPER21::RLF1). This pioneering biotechnology offers a new strategy for the chemical defoliation of machine-harvested cotton, ensuring stable production and reducing leaf debris in harvested cotton, thereby enhancing environmental sustainability.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11972043 and 11902134)Open Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering,Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics,and Chinese Academy of Sciences(Z019008)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded project(No.2020M670077).
文摘In this paper,the machine learning(ML)model is built for slope stability evaluation and meets the high precision and rapidity requirements in slope engineering.Different ML methods for the factor of safety(FOS)prediction are studied and compared hoping to make the best use of the large variety of existing statistical and ML regression methods collected.The data set of this study includes six characteristics,namely unit weight,cohesion,internal friction angle,slope angle,slope height,and pore water pressure ratio.The whole ML model is primarily divided into data preprocessing,outlier processing,and model evaluation.In the data preprocessing,the duplicated data are first removed,then the outliers are filtered by the LocalOutlierFactor method and finally,the data are standardized.11 ML methods are evaluated for their ability to learn the FOS based on different input parameter combinations.By analyzing the evaluation indicators R2,MAE,and MSE of these methods,SVM,GBR,and Bagging are considered to be the best regression methods.The performance and reliability of the nonlinear regression method are slightly better than that of the linear regression method.Also,the SVM-poly method is used to analyze the susceptibility of slope parameters.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(51477098).
文摘Globally abundant wave energy for power generation attracts ever increasing attention. Because of non-linear dynamics and potential uncertainties in ocean energy conversion systems, generation productivity needs to be increased by applying robust control algorithms. This paper focuses on control strategies for a small ocean energy conversion system based on a direct driven permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). It evaluates the performance of two kinds of control strategies, i.e., traditional field-oriented control (FOC) and robust adaptive control. The proposed adaptive control successfully achieves maximum velocity and stable power production, with reduced speed tracking error and system response time. The adaptive control also guarantees global system stability and its superiority over FOC by using a non-linear back-stepping control technique offering a better optimization solution. The robustness of the ocean energy conversion system is further enhanced by investigating the Lyapunov method and the use of a DC-DC boost converter. To overcome system complexity, turbine-generator based power take-off (PTO) is considered. A Matlab/Simulink study verifies the advantages of a non-linear control strategy for an Oscillating Water Column (OWC) based power generation system.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52107113 and No.51877133).
文摘Fully harnessing the ocean wave’s renewable energy resources could benefit coastal countries.However,ocean wave energy harvesting systems encounter several challenges,i.e.,marine uncertainties,long-distance mainte-nance,power fluctuations,irregular wave currents,non-linear generator dynamics,turbine limitations,cost optimization,and power smoothing issues.To overcome these challenges,this paper proposes a new multi-stage con-trol design approach for performance evaluation of the os-cillating water column(OWC)-based ocean wave energy conversion(OWEC)system.The first stage optimizes the Wells turbine by implementing an efficient airflow control strategy.It achieves maximum power-harvesting ability by eliminating stalling phenomena.In the second stage,we investigate the robustness of the permanent magnet syn-chronous generator-based OWEC system by designing adaptive back-stepping controllers,taking into account the Lyapunov stability theory.It accomplishes precise speed regulation for optimal power extraction while delivering reduced delay response and percentage errors.To ensure the OWEC system’s availability,the third stage incorporates fault-ride-through capabilities.It executes a fault reconfig-urable control for a parallel converter configuration,elimi-nating only the faulty leg instead of the entire power con-verter.In the fourth stage,a supercapacitors-based energy management system achieves power smoothing,even when the OWC plant output power fluctuates.We accomplish this by implementing a model predictive control strategy.Finally,the Matlab/Simulink results verify that the presented mul-ti-stage control for the OWC OWEC system is an effective design approach,offering an optimal,robust,reliable,and power-smoothing solution.
