AIM:To quantitatively evaluate the risk of anxiety and depression in patients with uveitis via performing a Metaanalysis.METHODS:Three electronic database(Pub Med,Embase,and Cochrane Library databases)were searched fo...AIM:To quantitatively evaluate the risk of anxiety and depression in patients with uveitis via performing a Metaanalysis.METHODS:Three electronic database(Pub Med,Embase,and Cochrane Library databases)were searched for studies recording data about uveitis and anxiety as well as depression simultaneously up to January 2021.The incidence rate and standard mean difference(SMD)with a 95%confidence interval(95%CI)were calculated to analyse the association using random-effects models based on heterogeneity tests.RESULTS:In total,12 observational studies containing 874 patients with uveitis were included.The results showed that there was a significant association between uveitis and anxiety(SMD=0.97,95%CI:0.39 to 1.54,P=0.0009)and depression(SMD=0.79,95%CI:0.51 to 1.07,P<0.00001).The overall morbidities of anxiety and depression in patients with uveitis were 39%and 17%,respectively.With subgroup analysis,the heterogeneity actually came from different kinds of uveitis.Specifically,the incidence rates of both anxiety and depression were relatively low in patients with anterior uveitis(33%and 15%),moderate in patients with infectious uveitis(46%and 22%),and high in patients with unspecified uveitis(59%and 35%).CONCLUSION:It is preliminarily indicated that patients with uveitis may have a high risk of anxiety and depression.Ophthalmologists and psychologists should pay more attention to the psychological state when dealing with patients with uveitis.Further high-quality studies with detailed direct data are needed to draw more precise conclusions.展开更多
The flowers of the hemiparasitic family Loranthaceae are always subtended by a rimmed structure known as the calyculus.The origin and identity of the calyculus have been disputed for more than a century.Various hypoth...The flowers of the hemiparasitic family Loranthaceae are always subtended by a rimmed structure known as the calyculus.The origin and identity of the calyculus have been disputed for more than a century.Various hypotheses have been proposed,for example,an outgrowth of the axis,a reduced calyx,and a bracteolar(prophyllar)origin,but controversies remain.To obtain a plausible explanation of the origin of the calyculus,we investigated the flowers of Loranthus tanakae using scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy to observe the entire developmental process of the floral parts.Our results show that bracts are not present in L.tanakae.The calyculus,which lacks serving vascular bundles,initiates as a semicircular primordium and then develops into a circular structure by an adnation at both sides.The flower primordium usually cleaves into six petals from its centre along a whorled pattern in two series with three petals each,before or after the calyculus closed.Isomerous stamen primordia probably follow the same initiation pattern as petals do.Several carpels of different sizes initiate simultaneously as a united primordium.We support the hypotheses that the calyculus is of bract or bracteole origin due to its independent initiation from the inflorescence rachis,its similar morphology and positioning as the bract or bracteole,and that having no developmental relationship with the petals.We suggest keeping the usage of the term“calyculus”.Loranthus flowers should be considered monochlamydeous with three whorls of floral parts,namely petal,androecium,and gynoecium.展开更多
The disease of banana Fusarium wilt currently threatens banana production areas all over the world.Rapid and large-area monitoring of Fusarium wilt disease is very important for the disease treatment and crop planting...The disease of banana Fusarium wilt currently threatens banana production areas all over the world.Rapid and large-area monitoring of Fusarium wilt disease is very important for the disease treatment and crop planting adjustments.The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of supervised classification algorithms such as support vector machine(SVM),random forest(RF),and artificial neural network(ANN)algorithms to identify locations that were infested or not infested with Fusarium wilt.An unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)equipped with a five-band multi-spectral sensor(blue,green,red,red-edge and near-infrared bands)was used to capture the multi-spectral imagery.A total of 139 ground sample-sites were surveyed to assess the occurrence of banana Fusarium wilt.The results showed that the SVM,RF,and ANN algorithms exhibited good performance for identifying and mapping banana Fusarium wilt disease in UAV-based multi-spectral imagery.The overall accuracies of the SVM,RF,and ANN were 91.4%,90.0%,and 91.1%,respectively for the pixel-based approach.The RF algorithm required significantly less training time than the SVM and ANN algorithms.The maps generated by the SVM,RF,and ANN algorithms showed the areas of occurrence of Fusarium wilt disease were in the range of 5.21-5.75 hm2,accounting for 36.3%-40.1%of the total planting area of bananas in the study area.The results also showed that the inclusion of the red-edge band resulted in an increase in the overall accuracy of 2.9%-3.0%.A simulation of the resolutions of satellite-based imagery(i.e.,0.5 m,1 m,2 m,and 5 m resolutions)showed that imagery with a spatial resolution higher than 2 m resulted in good identification accuracy of Fusarium wilt.The results of this study demonstrate that the RF classifier is well suited for the identification and mapping of banana Fusarium wilt disease from UAV-based remote sensing imagery.The results provide guidance for disease treatment and crop planting adjustments.展开更多
文摘AIM:To quantitatively evaluate the risk of anxiety and depression in patients with uveitis via performing a Metaanalysis.METHODS:Three electronic database(Pub Med,Embase,and Cochrane Library databases)were searched for studies recording data about uveitis and anxiety as well as depression simultaneously up to January 2021.The incidence rate and standard mean difference(SMD)with a 95%confidence interval(95%CI)were calculated to analyse the association using random-effects models based on heterogeneity tests.RESULTS:In total,12 observational studies containing 874 patients with uveitis were included.The results showed that there was a significant association between uveitis and anxiety(SMD=0.97,95%CI:0.39 to 1.54,P=0.0009)and depression(SMD=0.79,95%CI:0.51 to 1.07,P<0.00001).The overall morbidities of anxiety and depression in patients with uveitis were 39%and 17%,respectively.With subgroup analysis,the heterogeneity actually came from different kinds of uveitis.Specifically,the incidence rates of both anxiety and depression were relatively low in patients with anterior uveitis(33%and 15%),moderate in patients with infectious uveitis(46%and 22%),and high in patients with unspecified uveitis(59%and 35%).CONCLUSION:It is preliminarily indicated that patients with uveitis may have a high risk of anxiety and depression.Ophthalmologists and psychologists should pay more attention to the psychological state when dealing with patients with uveitis.Further high-quality studies with detailed direct data are needed to draw more precise conclusions.
基金This research was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31400520)Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Funds(Nos.CAFYBB2014QB032,CAFRIFEEP2015B09).
文摘The flowers of the hemiparasitic family Loranthaceae are always subtended by a rimmed structure known as the calyculus.The origin and identity of the calyculus have been disputed for more than a century.Various hypotheses have been proposed,for example,an outgrowth of the axis,a reduced calyx,and a bracteolar(prophyllar)origin,but controversies remain.To obtain a plausible explanation of the origin of the calyculus,we investigated the flowers of Loranthus tanakae using scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy to observe the entire developmental process of the floral parts.Our results show that bracts are not present in L.tanakae.The calyculus,which lacks serving vascular bundles,initiates as a semicircular primordium and then develops into a circular structure by an adnation at both sides.The flower primordium usually cleaves into six petals from its centre along a whorled pattern in two series with three petals each,before or after the calyculus closed.Isomerous stamen primordia probably follow the same initiation pattern as petals do.Several carpels of different sizes initiate simultaneously as a united primordium.We support the hypotheses that the calyculus is of bract or bracteole origin due to its independent initiation from the inflorescence rachis,its similar morphology and positioning as the bract or bracteole,and that having no developmental relationship with the petals.We suggest keeping the usage of the term“calyculus”.Loranthus flowers should be considered monochlamydeous with three whorls of floral parts,namely petal,androecium,and gynoecium.
基金This research was funded by the Hainan Provincial Key R&D Program of China(ZDYF2018073)National Natural Science Foundation of China(41571354)+2 种基金Hainan Provincial Major Science and Technology Program of China(ZDKJ2019006)Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation of Sanya,China(2016NK16)National Special Support Program for High-level Personnel Recruitment(Ten-thousand Talents Program)(Wenjiang Huang),Innovation Foundation of Director of Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth,Chinese Academy of Sciences.We also gratefully acknowledge the National Meteorological Information Center of China,Guangxi Jiejiarun Technology Co.,Ltd.and Guangxi Jinsui Agriculture Group Co.,Ltd.for the experiments.
文摘The disease of banana Fusarium wilt currently threatens banana production areas all over the world.Rapid and large-area monitoring of Fusarium wilt disease is very important for the disease treatment and crop planting adjustments.The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of supervised classification algorithms such as support vector machine(SVM),random forest(RF),and artificial neural network(ANN)algorithms to identify locations that were infested or not infested with Fusarium wilt.An unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)equipped with a five-band multi-spectral sensor(blue,green,red,red-edge and near-infrared bands)was used to capture the multi-spectral imagery.A total of 139 ground sample-sites were surveyed to assess the occurrence of banana Fusarium wilt.The results showed that the SVM,RF,and ANN algorithms exhibited good performance for identifying and mapping banana Fusarium wilt disease in UAV-based multi-spectral imagery.The overall accuracies of the SVM,RF,and ANN were 91.4%,90.0%,and 91.1%,respectively for the pixel-based approach.The RF algorithm required significantly less training time than the SVM and ANN algorithms.The maps generated by the SVM,RF,and ANN algorithms showed the areas of occurrence of Fusarium wilt disease were in the range of 5.21-5.75 hm2,accounting for 36.3%-40.1%of the total planting area of bananas in the study area.The results also showed that the inclusion of the red-edge band resulted in an increase in the overall accuracy of 2.9%-3.0%.A simulation of the resolutions of satellite-based imagery(i.e.,0.5 m,1 m,2 m,and 5 m resolutions)showed that imagery with a spatial resolution higher than 2 m resulted in good identification accuracy of Fusarium wilt.The results of this study demonstrate that the RF classifier is well suited for the identification and mapping of banana Fusarium wilt disease from UAV-based remote sensing imagery.The results provide guidance for disease treatment and crop planting adjustments.
