Cadastral surveying plays an important role in defining legal boundaries of land and property.The current practice for recording cadastral survey data mainly relies on 2D digital or analog documents.This practice is e...Cadastral surveying plays an important role in defining legal boundaries of land and property.The current practice for recording cadastral survey data mainly relies on 2D digital or analog documents.This practice is efficient for simple land parcels but can be challenged in complex building developments.To address the issues stemmed from 2D methods of representing cadastral survey data,3D spatial information models can be considered as a viable solution for managing cadastral survey data.Building Information Modeling(BIM)enables colsslaborative 3D management of the design,construction,and operation of buildings.There have been extensive studies conducted to investigate the connectivity between BIM and 3D cadaster.Most of these studies focus on managing legal information,such as ownership boundaries and attributes,in BIM-based environments.However,there is limited investigation on how survey-ing measurements can be mapped into BIM.In this study,the proposed method for integrating the cadastral survey data into the BIM environment includes identifying cadastral survey requirements,using BIM entities relevant to cadastral survey data,enrichment of a BIM proto-type,and evaluation of the prototype.The major contribution of this study is to demonstrate the storage of cadastral survey data such as survey marks and traverse lines in the BIM environment.Therefore,this research contributes to the further enrichment of BIM with incorporating data elements related to cadastral surveying practices.It is confirmed that current BIM-based tools provide restricted capabilities for explicit management and visualiza-tion of cadastral survey data.This limitation can be addressed in the future enhancements of BIM in terms of supporting important elements for cadastral survey data.展开更多
The utilization of urban underground space(UUS)offers an effective solution to urban problems but may also negatively affect urban development.Therefore,UUS development needs better concerted guidelines to coordinate ...The utilization of urban underground space(UUS)offers an effective solution to urban problems but may also negatively affect urban development.Therefore,UUS development needs better concerted guidelines to coordinate various urban systems and the multiple components of the underground world.Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs),which should be viewed as important yardsticks for UUS development,do not explicitly mention urban underground space,although many of them are affected by both the positive and negative consequences of its development.To fill this gap,this review lays the foundations of relevant UUS concepts and uses exemplary cases to reveal that 11 out of 17 SDGs can be linked with UUS uses.These linkages also manifest that land administration,integrated planning,architectural design,and construction technology are critical dimensions for increasing the contributions of UUS to the realization of SDGs.To achieve multi-disciplinary synergies among these four critical dimensions,a collaborative approach framework based on spatial data infrastructure is required.Thus,this work provides academics and practitioners with a holistic view of sustainable UUS development.展开更多
There are different processes in 3D urban land administration in which spatial analysis plays an underpinning role.Among 3D data models,Industry Foundation Class(IFC)provides the potential capabilities for modelling l...There are different processes in 3D urban land administration in which spatial analysis plays an underpinning role.Among 3D data models,Industry Foundation Class(IFC)provides the potential capabilities for modelling legal and physical dimensions of urban properties.However,performing spatial analysis using IFC files cannot address the on-demand spatial analysis requirements of 3D urban land administration.In response to this limitation,3D data needs to be stored in a spatial database to enable spatial analyses required by different stakeholders.Therefore,in this paper,by considering spatial analysis requirements in 3D-enabled urban land administration,an IFC-based database schema is designed.Moreover,a methodology for transforming Building Information Modelling(BIM)data into the proposed schema is provided.This methodology includes seven steps:designing the architectural model and adding legal data,georeferencing,IFC data validation and cleaning,mapping process,database data validation and cleaning,spatial analysis,and visualisation.To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed database,three datasets are implemented in the database.Moreover,a new method for modelling legal spaces with oblique structures and two applications of spatial analysis in 3D urban land administration are provided.展开更多
Legal boundaries are used for delineating the spatial extent of ownership property’s spaces.In underground environments,these boundaries are defined by referencing physical objects,surveying measurements,or projectio...Legal boundaries are used for delineating the spatial extent of ownership property’s spaces.In underground environments,these boundaries are defined by referencing physical objects,surveying measurements,or projections.However,there is a gap in connecting and managing these boundaries and underground legal spaces,due to a lack of data model.A 3D data model supporting underground land administration(ULA)should define and model these boundaries and the relationships between them and underground ownership spaces.Prominent 3D data models can be enriched to model underground legal boundaries.This research aims to propose a new taxonomy of underground legal boundaries and model them by extending CityGML,which is a widely used 3D data model in the geospatial science domain.We developed,implemented,and tested the model for different types of underground legal boundaries.The implemented prototype showcased the potential benefits of CityGML for managing underground legal boundaries in 3D.The proposed 3D underground model can be used to address current challenges associated with communicating and managing legal boundaries in underground environments.While this data model was specifically developed for Victoria,Australia,the proposed model and approach can be used and replicated in other jurisdictions by adjusting the data requirements for underground legal boundaries.展开更多
基金This work is supported by the Australian Research Council[grant number LP160100292].
文摘Cadastral surveying plays an important role in defining legal boundaries of land and property.The current practice for recording cadastral survey data mainly relies on 2D digital or analog documents.This practice is efficient for simple land parcels but can be challenged in complex building developments.To address the issues stemmed from 2D methods of representing cadastral survey data,3D spatial information models can be considered as a viable solution for managing cadastral survey data.Building Information Modeling(BIM)enables colsslaborative 3D management of the design,construction,and operation of buildings.There have been extensive studies conducted to investigate the connectivity between BIM and 3D cadaster.Most of these studies focus on managing legal information,such as ownership boundaries and attributes,in BIM-based environments.However,there is limited investigation on how survey-ing measurements can be mapped into BIM.In this study,the proposed method for integrating the cadastral survey data into the BIM environment includes identifying cadastral survey requirements,using BIM entities relevant to cadastral survey data,enrichment of a BIM proto-type,and evaluation of the prototype.The major contribution of this study is to demonstrate the storage of cadastral survey data such as survey marks and traverse lines in the BIM environment.Therefore,this research contributes to the further enrichment of BIM with incorporating data elements related to cadastral surveying practices.It is confirmed that current BIM-based tools provide restricted capabilities for explicit management and visualiza-tion of cadastral survey data.This limitation can be addressed in the future enhancements of BIM in terms of supporting important elements for cadastral survey data.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program(No.2012BAJ01B04)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42071251)the China Scholarship Council(File No.201806260167)。
文摘The utilization of urban underground space(UUS)offers an effective solution to urban problems but may also negatively affect urban development.Therefore,UUS development needs better concerted guidelines to coordinate various urban systems and the multiple components of the underground world.Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs),which should be viewed as important yardsticks for UUS development,do not explicitly mention urban underground space,although many of them are affected by both the positive and negative consequences of its development.To fill this gap,this review lays the foundations of relevant UUS concepts and uses exemplary cases to reveal that 11 out of 17 SDGs can be linked with UUS uses.These linkages also manifest that land administration,integrated planning,architectural design,and construction technology are critical dimensions for increasing the contributions of UUS to the realization of SDGs.To achieve multi-disciplinary synergies among these four critical dimensions,a collaborative approach framework based on spatial data infrastructure is required.Thus,this work provides academics and practitioners with a holistic view of sustainable UUS development.
基金supported by Australian Research Council[grant number LP160100292].
文摘There are different processes in 3D urban land administration in which spatial analysis plays an underpinning role.Among 3D data models,Industry Foundation Class(IFC)provides the potential capabilities for modelling legal and physical dimensions of urban properties.However,performing spatial analysis using IFC files cannot address the on-demand spatial analysis requirements of 3D urban land administration.In response to this limitation,3D data needs to be stored in a spatial database to enable spatial analyses required by different stakeholders.Therefore,in this paper,by considering spatial analysis requirements in 3D-enabled urban land administration,an IFC-based database schema is designed.Moreover,a methodology for transforming Building Information Modelling(BIM)data into the proposed schema is provided.This methodology includes seven steps:designing the architectural model and adding legal data,georeferencing,IFC data validation and cleaning,mapping process,database data validation and cleaning,spatial analysis,and visualisation.To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed database,three datasets are implemented in the database.Moreover,a new method for modelling legal spaces with oblique structures and two applications of spatial analysis in 3D urban land administration are provided.
基金supported by Australian Research Council(Grant No.DE220100094).
文摘Legal boundaries are used for delineating the spatial extent of ownership property’s spaces.In underground environments,these boundaries are defined by referencing physical objects,surveying measurements,or projections.However,there is a gap in connecting and managing these boundaries and underground legal spaces,due to a lack of data model.A 3D data model supporting underground land administration(ULA)should define and model these boundaries and the relationships between them and underground ownership spaces.Prominent 3D data models can be enriched to model underground legal boundaries.This research aims to propose a new taxonomy of underground legal boundaries and model them by extending CityGML,which is a widely used 3D data model in the geospatial science domain.We developed,implemented,and tested the model for different types of underground legal boundaries.The implemented prototype showcased the potential benefits of CityGML for managing underground legal boundaries in 3D.The proposed 3D underground model can be used to address current challenges associated with communicating and managing legal boundaries in underground environments.While this data model was specifically developed for Victoria,Australia,the proposed model and approach can be used and replicated in other jurisdictions by adjusting the data requirements for underground legal boundaries.
