Carbon fiber electrodes were prepared by grafting anthraquinone molecules via a scalable electrochemical approach which simultaneously increased interfacial and electrochemical capacitance properties.In this work,anth...Carbon fiber electrodes were prepared by grafting anthraquinone molecules via a scalable electrochemical approach which simultaneously increased interfacial and electrochemical capacitance properties.In this work,anthraquinone diazonium salts were synthesized and grafted onto carbon fiber tows at various concentrations.These modified fibers were subsequently evaluated mechanically and electrochemically to analyze their suitability in structural supercapacitors.Compared to control fibers,the grafted anthraquinone groups resulted in a 30%increase in interfacial shear strength(IFSS)and 6.6×increase in specific capacitance.Industry application was also a focus thus carbon fibers were also modified with insitu generated diazonium salts to determine the applicability to an in-line industrial process.Specifically,potentiostatic functionalization of fibers with in-situ generated diazonium salts AQ-1 and AQ-2,showed 3×and 4.3×increase in specific capacitance,respectively,relative to unmodified carbon fiber(CF).We expect that implementing a scalable method to introduce a conductive and electrochemically active covalently bound surface chemistry layer onto carbon fiber exhibits a higher specific capacitance than carbon fiber grafted with most other small molecules reported in literature.This will open new avenues for manufacturing multifunctional and high-performance fibers with tailored properties for specific/targeted applications.展开更多
Dental implants are the primary solution for tooth replacement,providing both aesthetic and functional restoration.Their long-term success depends not only on osseointegration but also on robust peri-implant soft tiss...Dental implants are the primary solution for tooth replacement,providing both aesthetic and functional restoration.Their long-term success depends not only on osseointegration but also on robust peri-implant soft tissue integration(PSTI),particularly in the transmucosal region,where a stable epithelial seal is critical to preventing microbial infiltration and peri-implant inflammation.While surface topography modifications such as roughness,morphology,and porosity influence gingival cell behavior,passive surface modifications alone are often insufficient to promote rapid PSTI.This raises a fundamental question in dental implant design:How can implant surfaces be bioengineered to actively promote PSTI rather than passively relying on cellular responses?This review examines how biofunctionalization has emerged as a transformative strategy in implant surface engineering and critically analyses the latest biofunctionalization strategies for dental implants,with a particular focus on the underlying mechanisms that regulate biomolecule-implant interactions.It evaluates biomolecule incorporation via physical and covalent attachment,highlighting their distinct advantages in stability,efficiency,and scalability.We discuss approaches for functionalizing dental implant surfaces with bioactive molecules,such as proteins and peptides,and cells to replicate natural biological interactions,regulate immune responses,and enhance antimicrobial defense mechanisms.By addressing how bioengineered surfaces can be designed to actively engage with biological systems,this review provides a framework for developing next-generation implant technologies that achieve more effective and predictable PSTI,with strong potential for clinical translation.展开更多
Many biological structures such as nerves,blood and lymphatic vessels,and muscle fibres exhibit longitudinal ge-ometries with distinct cell types extending along both the length and width of internal linear axes.Model...Many biological structures such as nerves,blood and lymphatic vessels,and muscle fibres exhibit longitudinal ge-ometries with distinct cell types extending along both the length and width of internal linear axes.Modelling these three-dimensional structures in vitro is challenging:the best-defined stem-cell differentiation systems are mono-layer cultures or organoids using pluripotent stem cells.Pluripotent stem cells can differentiate into functionally mature cells depending on the signals received,holding great promise for regenerative medicine.However,the integration of in vitro differentiated cell types into diseased tissue remains a challenge.Engineered scaffolds can bridge this gap if the appropriate signalling systems are incorporated into the scaffold.Here,we have taken a biomimicry approach to generate longitudinal structures in vitro.In this approach,mouse embryonic stem cells are directed to differentiate to specific cell types on the surface of polycaprolactone(PCL)fibres treated by plasma-immersion ion implantation and to which with lineage-specifying molecules have been covalently im-mobilised.We demonstrate the simplicity and utility of our method for efficiently generating high yields of the following cell types from these pluripotent stem cells:neurons,vascular endothelial cells,osteoclasts,adipocytes,and cells of the erythroid,myeloid,and lymphoid lineages.Strategically arranged plasma-treated scaffolds with differentiated cell types could ultimately serve as a means for the repair or treatment of diseased or damaged tissue.展开更多
基金the Australian Research Council World Class Future Fiber Industry Transformation Research Hub(No.IH210100023)the Discovery Projects(Nos.DP180100094,DP200100090,and DP230100587)+2 种基金the Discovery Early Career Re-search Award DECRA(No.DE210100662)the IM Fellowship(No.IM230100048)supported by the Office of Naval Research(No.N62909-22-1-2052)。
文摘Carbon fiber electrodes were prepared by grafting anthraquinone molecules via a scalable electrochemical approach which simultaneously increased interfacial and electrochemical capacitance properties.In this work,anthraquinone diazonium salts were synthesized and grafted onto carbon fiber tows at various concentrations.These modified fibers were subsequently evaluated mechanically and electrochemically to analyze their suitability in structural supercapacitors.Compared to control fibers,the grafted anthraquinone groups resulted in a 30%increase in interfacial shear strength(IFSS)and 6.6×increase in specific capacitance.Industry application was also a focus thus carbon fibers were also modified with insitu generated diazonium salts to determine the applicability to an in-line industrial process.Specifically,potentiostatic functionalization of fibers with in-situ generated diazonium salts AQ-1 and AQ-2,showed 3×and 4.3×increase in specific capacitance,respectively,relative to unmodified carbon fiber(CF).We expect that implementing a scalable method to introduce a conductive and electrochemically active covalently bound surface chemistry layer onto carbon fiber exhibits a higher specific capacitance than carbon fiber grafted with most other small molecules reported in literature.This will open new avenues for manufacturing multifunctional and high-performance fibers with tailored properties for specific/targeted applications.
基金the support of the International Team for Implantology(ITI,Grant No:1796-2023)the Australian Research Council through the Discovery Early Career Researcher Award(DECRA,DE210100662).
文摘Dental implants are the primary solution for tooth replacement,providing both aesthetic and functional restoration.Their long-term success depends not only on osseointegration but also on robust peri-implant soft tissue integration(PSTI),particularly in the transmucosal region,where a stable epithelial seal is critical to preventing microbial infiltration and peri-implant inflammation.While surface topography modifications such as roughness,morphology,and porosity influence gingival cell behavior,passive surface modifications alone are often insufficient to promote rapid PSTI.This raises a fundamental question in dental implant design:How can implant surfaces be bioengineered to actively promote PSTI rather than passively relying on cellular responses?This review examines how biofunctionalization has emerged as a transformative strategy in implant surface engineering and critically analyses the latest biofunctionalization strategies for dental implants,with a particular focus on the underlying mechanisms that regulate biomolecule-implant interactions.It evaluates biomolecule incorporation via physical and covalent attachment,highlighting their distinct advantages in stability,efficiency,and scalability.We discuss approaches for functionalizing dental implant surfaces with bioactive molecules,such as proteins and peptides,and cells to replicate natural biological interactions,regulate immune responses,and enhance antimicrobial defense mechanisms.By addressing how bioengineered surfaces can be designed to actively engage with biological systems,this review provides a framework for developing next-generation implant technologies that achieve more effective and predictable PSTI,with strong potential for clinical translation.
基金supported by the Australian Research Council Laureate and Discovery fundings[FL190100216,DP190103507 and DE210100662]the University of Sydney School of Physics“Grand Challenge”program.
文摘Many biological structures such as nerves,blood and lymphatic vessels,and muscle fibres exhibit longitudinal ge-ometries with distinct cell types extending along both the length and width of internal linear axes.Modelling these three-dimensional structures in vitro is challenging:the best-defined stem-cell differentiation systems are mono-layer cultures or organoids using pluripotent stem cells.Pluripotent stem cells can differentiate into functionally mature cells depending on the signals received,holding great promise for regenerative medicine.However,the integration of in vitro differentiated cell types into diseased tissue remains a challenge.Engineered scaffolds can bridge this gap if the appropriate signalling systems are incorporated into the scaffold.Here,we have taken a biomimicry approach to generate longitudinal structures in vitro.In this approach,mouse embryonic stem cells are directed to differentiate to specific cell types on the surface of polycaprolactone(PCL)fibres treated by plasma-immersion ion implantation and to which with lineage-specifying molecules have been covalently im-mobilised.We demonstrate the simplicity and utility of our method for efficiently generating high yields of the following cell types from these pluripotent stem cells:neurons,vascular endothelial cells,osteoclasts,adipocytes,and cells of the erythroid,myeloid,and lymphoid lineages.Strategically arranged plasma-treated scaffolds with differentiated cell types could ultimately serve as a means for the repair or treatment of diseased or damaged tissue.
