The clay mineral content of Daqing Gulong shale is in the range of about 35%–45%,with particle sizes less than 0.0039 mm.The horizontal fluidity of oil in Gulong shale is poor,with near-zero vertical flowability.As a...The clay mineral content of Daqing Gulong shale is in the range of about 35%–45%,with particle sizes less than 0.0039 mm.The horizontal fluidity of oil in Gulong shale is poor,with near-zero vertical flowability.As a result,Gulong shale has been considered to lack commercial value.In recent years,however,interdisciplinary research in geoscience,percolation mechanics,thermodynamics,and surface mechanics has demonstrated that Gulong shale oil has a high degree of maturity and a high residual hydrocarbon content.The expulsion efficiency of Gulong shale in the high mature stage is 32%–48%.Favorable storage spaces in Gulong shale include connecting pores and lamellar fractures developed between and within organic matter and clay mineral complexes.The shale oil mainly occurs in micro-and nano-pores,bedding fractures,and lamellar fractures,with a high gas–oil ratio and medium–high movable oil saturation.Gulong shale has the characteristics of high hardness,a high elastic modulus,and high fracture toughness.This study achieves breakthroughs in the exploration and development of Gulong shale,including the theories of hydrocarbon generation and accumulation,the technologies of mobility and fracturing,and recoverability.It confirms the major transition of Gulong shale from oil generation to oil production,which has extremely significant scientific value and application potential for China’s petroleum industry.展开更多
The development of a uniform,electrochemically robust coating capable of reconciling structural integrity with chemical inertness at high voltages is pivotal for unlocking the full potential of layered lithiumrich cat...The development of a uniform,electrochemically robust coating capable of reconciling structural integrity with chemical inertness at high voltages is pivotal for unlocking the full potential of layered lithiumrich cathodes(LRNCM).Herein,an atomic-scale LiNbO_(3) coating is constructed on LRNCM via atomic layer deposition(ALD),which dual-functionalizes as a chemical passivator and mechanical stabilizer to address concurrent interfacial and bulk degradation.The conformal LiNbO_(3) layer suppresses nucleophilic attacks by reactive oxygen species in carbonate electrolytes,redirecting cathode-electrolyte interphase(CEI)evolution toward an inorganic-dominated architecture with high ionic conductivity.This optimized CEI reduces interfacial impedance and charge-transfer polarization.Furthermore,the LiNbO_(3) coating functions as a mechanical buffer to suppress anisotropic lattice strain and inhibit phase transitions from layered to spinel structures.The synergistic stabilization enables the LiNbO_(3)-coated cathode to deliver exceptional cyclability,retaining 84.48%capacity and 80.27%energy density after 300 cycles at 1 C,with a voltage decay rate of 0.73 mV/cycle,outperforming the uncoated LRNCM(76.46%,71.76%,and 0.97 mV/cycle).By decoupling anionic redox activity from structural and interfacial degradation,this work establishes ALD-based surface engineering as a scalable paradigm for high-energy LRNCM,offering a materials-design blueprint to harmonize energy density with longevity in next-generation batteries.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(72088101 and 42090025)the China National Petroleum Corporation(2019E-26 and YGJ2020-3)。
文摘The clay mineral content of Daqing Gulong shale is in the range of about 35%–45%,with particle sizes less than 0.0039 mm.The horizontal fluidity of oil in Gulong shale is poor,with near-zero vertical flowability.As a result,Gulong shale has been considered to lack commercial value.In recent years,however,interdisciplinary research in geoscience,percolation mechanics,thermodynamics,and surface mechanics has demonstrated that Gulong shale oil has a high degree of maturity and a high residual hydrocarbon content.The expulsion efficiency of Gulong shale in the high mature stage is 32%–48%.Favorable storage spaces in Gulong shale include connecting pores and lamellar fractures developed between and within organic matter and clay mineral complexes.The shale oil mainly occurs in micro-and nano-pores,bedding fractures,and lamellar fractures,with a high gas–oil ratio and medium–high movable oil saturation.Gulong shale has the characteristics of high hardness,a high elastic modulus,and high fracture toughness.This study achieves breakthroughs in the exploration and development of Gulong shale,including the theories of hydrocarbon generation and accumulation,the technologies of mobility and fracturing,and recoverability.It confirms the major transition of Gulong shale from oil generation to oil production,which has extremely significant scientific value and application potential for China’s petroleum industry.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22409135,22109102,52472226,22075062,and U23A20573)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2025A1515011282)+5 种基金the Scientific Foundation for Youth Scholars of Shenzhen University(868-000001033364)the Heilongjiang Touyan Team(Grant No.HITTY-20190033)the Heilongjiang Province‘‘hundred million”project science and technology major special projects(2019ZX09A02)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.FRFCU5710051922)the High-Level Professional Team in Shenzhen(KQTD20210811090045006)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(JCYJ20210324120400002 and KJZD20240903100701003)。
文摘The development of a uniform,electrochemically robust coating capable of reconciling structural integrity with chemical inertness at high voltages is pivotal for unlocking the full potential of layered lithiumrich cathodes(LRNCM).Herein,an atomic-scale LiNbO_(3) coating is constructed on LRNCM via atomic layer deposition(ALD),which dual-functionalizes as a chemical passivator and mechanical stabilizer to address concurrent interfacial and bulk degradation.The conformal LiNbO_(3) layer suppresses nucleophilic attacks by reactive oxygen species in carbonate electrolytes,redirecting cathode-electrolyte interphase(CEI)evolution toward an inorganic-dominated architecture with high ionic conductivity.This optimized CEI reduces interfacial impedance and charge-transfer polarization.Furthermore,the LiNbO_(3) coating functions as a mechanical buffer to suppress anisotropic lattice strain and inhibit phase transitions from layered to spinel structures.The synergistic stabilization enables the LiNbO_(3)-coated cathode to deliver exceptional cyclability,retaining 84.48%capacity and 80.27%energy density after 300 cycles at 1 C,with a voltage decay rate of 0.73 mV/cycle,outperforming the uncoated LRNCM(76.46%,71.76%,and 0.97 mV/cycle).By decoupling anionic redox activity from structural and interfacial degradation,this work establishes ALD-based surface engineering as a scalable paradigm for high-energy LRNCM,offering a materials-design blueprint to harmonize energy density with longevity in next-generation batteries.
