Nuclear energy is critical not only to sustainable economic development but also to achieving peaking carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality[1].China is expected to host the world’s largest number of nuclear ...Nuclear energy is critical not only to sustainable economic development but also to achieving peaking carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality[1].China is expected to host the world’s largest number of nuclear power plants in a few years.Uranium-235 serves as the primary fissile material for the fabrication of nuclear fuel.However,there are only about 6.14 million tons of uranium resources on land,which can sustain~70 years of operation for global nuclear power plants.Thereby,the recovery of uranium from spent fuel,radioactive waste solutions,seawater,and salt lakes is crucial for the healthy development of nuclear power utilization[2-4].展开更多
The MXenes,a new class of two-dimensional layered materials,have found extensive applications in water treatment for its excellent thermal stability,electrical conductivity,and excellent adsorption ability.Sulfidized ...The MXenes,a new class of two-dimensional layered materials,have found extensive applications in water treatment for its excellent thermal stability,electrical conductivity,and excellent adsorption ability.Sulfidized nano zero-valent iron(S-nZVI)is a good reducing agent,however,the practical application of S-nZVI is currently restricted due to the tendency of nano materials to agglomerate.Herein,MXenes use as a support and in situ loading S-nZVI on it to prepare a new material(S-nZVI/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)),and applied it to U(VI)removal in water treatment.The microscopic characterization proves that S-nZVI on Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) has good dispersion and effectively alleviates agglomeration.Batch experiments shown that SnZVI/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) has a very good effect on U(VI)removal,and themaximumadsorption capacity reaches 674.4mg/g under the aerobic condition at pH=6.0.The pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm model were found to be more appropriate for describing the adsorption behavior.This indicates that the removal process is a single molecular layer chemisorption.Moreover,the S-nZVI/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) maintained a removal efficiency of over 85%for U(VI)even after being reused five times,demonstrating its excellent reusability.It is worth noting that the material can remove 79.8%of 50 mg/L of U(VI)in simulated seawater,indicating that S-nZVI/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) possessed an excellent uranium extraction performance from seawater.Experimental results and XPS analysis showed that U(VI)was removed by adsorption,reduction and co-precipitation.Moreover,S-nZVI/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) was a lowtoxicitymaterial to Hyriopsis cumingii.Therefore,S-nZVI/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) was expected to be a candidate as adsorbent with great potential in removal of uranium from wastewater and seawater.展开更多
The magnetic iron oxide（Fe3O4） nanoparticles stabilized on the biochar were synthesized by fast pyrolysis of Fe（II）-loaded hydrophyte biomass under N2 conditions. The batch experiments showed that magnetic biochar...The magnetic iron oxide（Fe3O4） nanoparticles stabilized on the biochar were synthesized by fast pyrolysis of Fe（II）-loaded hydrophyte biomass under N2 conditions. The batch experiments showed that magnetic biochar presented a large removal capacity（54.35 mg/g）at pH 3.0 and 293 K. The reductive co-precipitation of U（VI） to U（IV） by magnetic biochar was demonstrated according to X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray absorption near edge structure analysis. According to extended X-ray absorption fine structure analysis, the occurrence of U-Fe and U-U shells indicated that high effective removal of uranium was primarily inner-sphere coordination and then reductive co-precipitation at low pH. These observations provided the further understanding of uranium removal by magnetic materials in environmental remediation.展开更多
Herein,we developed the invasive plant-derived biochar (IPB) functionalized with CaAl-LDH at five mass ratios using a physical mixture method,assessed their adsorption perform for Eu(Ⅲ),and explored the relative mech...Herein,we developed the invasive plant-derived biochar (IPB) functionalized with CaAl-LDH at five mass ratios using a physical mixture method,assessed their adsorption perform for Eu(Ⅲ),and explored the relative mechanisms.Results show that the IPB successfully loaded CaAl-LDH in five composites and their Eu(Ⅲ) sorption affinities were strongly affected by solution p H,contact time,temperature,and the mass ratio of LDH and IPB.All the sorpiton process for Eu(Ⅲ) occurred on the heterogeneous surface of five composites and the boundary layer diffusion limited the chemical sorption rate.Interestingly,the CaAl-LDH/IPB composite with high ratio of IPB had higher sorption capacity than the one with high ratio of LDH due to larger porosity of the former.Three mechanisms containing ion exchange between Al and Eu ions,surface complexation with carboxyl-and oxygen-containing functional groups,and precipitation were involved in the Eu(Ⅲ) sorption,but the dominant sorption mechanism for each CaAl-LDH/IPB composite differed with different mass ratio of CaAl-LDH and IPB.In composite with more IPB (e.g.,CaAl-LDH/IPB-13),both ion exchange and surface complexes dominated the sorption process and the intensity of Eu^3+ was identified with the one of Eu2O3.Whereas in composites with high LDH,ion exchange dominated the sorption and the intensity of Eu^3+ was obviously higher than the one of Eu_2O_3.This research will provide a new perspective for the application of the LDH/biochar materials.展开更多
Aluminosilicate clay mineral(ACM)is a kind of typical raw materials that used widely in manufacturing industry owing to the abundant reserve and low-cost exploring.In past two decades,in-depth understanding on unique ...Aluminosilicate clay mineral(ACM)is a kind of typical raw materials that used widely in manufacturing industry owing to the abundant reserve and low-cost exploring.In past two decades,in-depth understanding on unique layered structure and abundant surface proper-ties endows ACM in the emerging research and application fields.In field of solar-chemical energy conversion,ACM has been widely used to support various semiconductor photocata-lysts,forming the composites and achieving efficient conversion of reactants under sunlight irradiation.To date,classic ACM such as kaolinite and montmorillonite,loaded with semi-conductor photocatalysts has been widely applied in photocatalysis.This review summaries the recent works on ACM-based composites in photocatalysis.Focusing on the properties of surface and layered structure,we elucidate the different features in the composition with various functional photocatalysts on two typical kinds of ACM,i.e.,type 1∶1 and type 2∶1.Not only large surface area and active surface hydroxyl group assist the substrate adsorption,but also the layered structure provides more space to enlarge the application of ACM-based photocatalysts.Besides,we overview the modifications on ACM from both external surface and the inter-layer space that make the formation of composites more efficiently and boost the photo-chemical process.This review could inspire more upcoming design and synthesis for ACM-based photocatalysts,leading this kind of economic and eco-friendly materials for more practical application in the future.展开更多
For the continuous utilization of nuclear energy and efficient control of radioactive pollution, low-cost materials with high efficient U(VI) removal are of great importance. In this study, low temperature plasma meth...For the continuous utilization of nuclear energy and efficient control of radioactive pollution, low-cost materials with high efficient U(VI) removal are of great importance. In this study, low temperature plasma method was applied for the successful modification of Ophosphorylethanolamine(O-PEA) on the porous carbon materials. The produced materials(Cafe/O-PEA) could adsorb U(VI) efficiently with the maximum sorption capacity of 648.54mg/g at 1 hr, T=298 K, and p H=6.0, much higher than those of most carbon-based composites. U(VI) sorption was mainly controlled by strong surface complexation. From FTIR,SEM-EDS and XPS analyses, the sorption of U(VI) was related to the complexation with-NH2, phosphate and-OH groups on Cafe/O-PEA. The low temperature plasma method was an efficient, environmentally friendly and low-cost method for surface modification of materials for the effective enrichment of U(VI) from aqueous solutions.展开更多
Soil continuous monocropping obstacles pose a significant challenge to the sustainable production of cut chrysanthemums.Yet,the effectiveness of integrating biochar and microbial antagonists in alleviating these obsta...Soil continuous monocropping obstacles pose a significant challenge to the sustainable production of cut chrysanthemums.Yet,the effectiveness of integrating biochar and microbial antagonists in alleviating these obstacles in cut chrysanthemum production remains unclear.Here,we collected soils from a 12-year continuous cropping system with a high incidence of disease to establish a pot experiment comprising four treatments:control(CK),biochar(BC),Bacillus subtilis(BM),and their combined addition(BM_BC),investigating the effects of biochar and B.subtilis on the disease incidence,plant growth,pathogenic and antagonistic microbial populations,and the bacterial and fungal communities in diseased soil.The results showed that BM_BC treatment effectively controlled the disease and significantly increased(P<0.05)the plant biomass and root activity of cut chrysanthemum by 41.3%and 254%,respectively,compared to the CK.Notably,the BM_BC exhibited the lowest population of Fusarium oxysporum and the highest population of B.subtilis,along with the greatest alpha diversity(measured by Chao1 and Shannon indices)of both bacterial and fungal communities among the four treatments.The amendments of BC,BM,and BM_BC significantly altered the structure and composition of bacterial and fungal communities,with BM_BC primarily enriching beneficial bacteria and suppressing pathogen.Microbial co-occurrence network analysis revealed that BM_BC increased the abundance of module 2,co-dominated by bacterial and fungal species,and strengthened the interactions between them.The PLS-PM analysis demonstrated that bacteria-fungi interkingdom interactions played a crucial role in promoting the growth of cut chrysanthemums in diseased soil.Therefore,our findings underscore the synergistic effects of biochar and B.subtilis in suppressing Fusarium wilt disease and enhancing the growth of cut chrysanthemums by strengthening microbial interkingdom interactions.展开更多
Biochar shows significant potential to serve as a globally applicable material to remediate water and soil owing to the extensive availability of feedstocks and conducive physio-chemical surface characteristics.This r...Biochar shows significant potential to serve as a globally applicable material to remediate water and soil owing to the extensive availability of feedstocks and conducive physio-chemical surface characteristics.This review aims to highlight biochar production technologies,characteristics of biochar,and the latest advancements in immobilizing and eliminating heavy metal ions and organic pollutants in soil and water.Pyrolysis temperature,heat transfer rate,residence time,and type of feedstock are critical influential parameters.Biochar’s efficacy in managing contaminants relies on the pore size distribution,surface groups,and ion-exchange capacity.The molecular composition and physical architecture of biochar may be crucial when practically applied to water and soil.In general,biochar produced at relatively high pyrolysis temperatures can effectively manage organic pollutants via increasing surface area,hydrophobicity and microporosity.Biochar generated at lower temperatures is deemed to be more suitable for removing polar organic and inorganic pollutants through oxygen-containing functional groups,precipitation and electrostatic attraction.This review also presents the existing obstacles and future research direction related to biochar-based materials in immobilizing organic contaminants and heavy metal ions in effluents and soil.展开更多
Uranium extraction from seawater is of strategic significance for nuclear power generation.Amidoximebased functional adsorbents play indispensable roles in the recovery of seawater uranium with high efficiency.Neverth...Uranium extraction from seawater is of strategic significance for nuclear power generation.Amidoximebased functional adsorbents play indispensable roles in the recovery of seawater uranium with high efficiency.Nevertheless,balancing the adsorption capacity and selectivity is challenging in the presence of complicated interfering ions especially vanadium.Herein,a polyarylether-based covalent organic framework functionalized with open-chain amidoxime(COF-HHTF-AO)was synthesized with remarkable chemical stability and excellent crystallinity.Impressively,the adsorption capacity of COF-HHTF-AO towards uranium in natural seawater reached up to 5.12 mg/g,which is 1.61 times higher than that for vanadium.Detailed computational calculations revealed that the higher selectivity for uranium over vanadium originated from the specific bonding nature and coordination pattern with amidoxime.Combining enhanced adsorption capacity,excellent selectivity and ultrahigh stability,COF-HHTF-AO serves as a promising adsorbent for uranium extraction from the natural seawater.展开更多
With the rapid development of industrial,large amounts of different inorganic and organic pollutants are released into the natural environments.The efficient elimination of environmental pollutants,i.e.,photocatalytic...With the rapid development of industrial,large amounts of different inorganic and organic pollutants are released into the natural environments.The efficient elimination of environmental pollutants,i.e.,photocatalytic degradation of persistent organic pollutants into nontoxic organic/inorganic chemicals,in-situ solidification or sorption-reduction of heavy metal ions,is crucial to protect the environment.Nanomaterials with large surface area,active sites and abundant functional groups could form strong surface complexes with different kinds of pollutants and thereby could efficiently eliminate the pollutants from the aqueous solutions.In this review,wemainly focused on the recent works about the synthesis of nanomaterials and their applications in the efficient elimination of different organic and inorganic pollutants from wastewater and discussed the interaction mechanism from batch experimental results,the advanced spectroscopy techniques and theoretical calculations.The adsorption and the photocatalytic reduction of organic pollutants and the sorption/reduction of heavy metal ions are generally considered as the mainmethods to decrease the concentration of pollutants in the natural environment.This review highlights anew way for the real applications of novel nanomaterials in environmental pollution management,especially for the undergraduate students to understand the recent works in the elimination of different kinds of inorganic and organic chemicals in the natural environmental pollution management.展开更多
Biochar(BC)has exhibited a great potential to remove water contaminants due to its wide availability of raw materials,high surface area,developed pore structure,and low cost.However,the application of BC for water rem...Biochar(BC)has exhibited a great potential to remove water contaminants due to its wide availability of raw materials,high surface area,developed pore structure,and low cost.However,the application of BC for water remediation has many limita-tions.Driven by the intense desire of overcoming unfavorable factors,a growing number of researchers have carried out to produce BC-based composite materials,which not only improved the physicochemical properties of BC,but also obtained a new composite material which combined the advantages of BC and other materials.This article reviewed previous researches on BC and BC-based composite materials,and discussed in terms of the preparation methods,the physicochemical properties,the performance of contaminant removal,and underlying adsorption mechanisms.Then the recent research progress in the removal of inorganic and organic contaminants by BC and BC-based materials was also systematically reviewed.Although BC-based composite materials have shown high performance in inorganic or organic pollutants removal,the potential risks(such as stability and biological toxicity)still need to be noticed and further study.At the end of this review,future prospects for the synthesis and application of BC and BC-based materials were proposed.This review will help the new researchers systematically understand the research progress of BC and BC-based composite materials in environmental remediation.展开更多
The fast increase of population results in the quick development of industry and agriculture.Large amounts of contaminants such as metal ions and organic contaminants are released into the natural environment,posing a...The fast increase of population results in the quick development of industry and agriculture.Large amounts of contaminants such as metal ions and organic contaminants are released into the natural environment,posing a risk to human health and causing environment ecosystem problems.The efficient elimination of contaminants from aqueous solutions,photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants or the in-situ solidification/immobilization of heavy metal ions in solid phases are the most suitable strategies to decontaminate the pollution.Biochar and biochar-based composites have attracted multidisciplinary interests especially in environmental pollution management because of their porous structures,large amounts of functional groups,high adsorption capacities and photocatalysis performance.In this review,the application of biochar and biochar-based composites as adsorbents and/or catalysts for the adsorption of different contaminants,adsorption-photodegradation of organic pollutants,and adsorption-(photo)reduction of metal ions are summarized,and the mechanism was discussed from advanced spectroscopy analysis and DFT calculation in detail.The doping of metal or metal oxides is the main strategy to narrow the band gap,to increase the generation and separation of photogenerated e−-h+pairs,to produce more superoxide radicals(·O_(2)^(−))and hydroxyl radicals(·OH),to enhance the visible light absorption and to increase photocatalysis performance,which dominate the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants and(photo)reduction of high valent metals to low valent metals.The biochar-based composites are environmentally friendly materials,which are promising candidates in environmental pollution cleanup.The challenge and perspective for biochar-based catalysts are provided in the end.展开更多
As a class of famous carbon materials,biochars(BCs)and their derivative materials with excellent physicochemical properties and diversified functionalities present great potential in wastewater treatment fields.This r...As a class of famous carbon materials,biochars(BCs)and their derivative materials with excellent physicochemical properties and diversified functionalities present great potential in wastewater treatment fields.This review focuses on the latest development in reported biochar-based materials as superior adsorbents or catalysts for removing harmful organic contaminants from wastewater.The construction and properties of biochar-based materials are briefly introduced at the beginning.As one of the major factors affecting the properties of BCs,the wide diversity of feedstocks,such as agricultural and forest residues,industrial by-products as well as municipal wastes,endows BCs different chemical compositions and structures.Woody and herbaceous BCs usually have higher carbon contents,larger surface areas and strong aromaticity,which is in favor of the organic contaminant removal.Driven by the desire of more cost-effective materials,several types of biochar-based hybrid materials,such as magnetic BC composites(MBC),nanometal/nanometallic oxides/hydroxide BC composites and layered nanomaterial-coated BCs,as well as physically/chemically activated BCs,have also been developed.With the help of foreign materials,these types of hybrid BCs have excellent capacities to remove a wide range of organic contaminants,including organic dyestuff,phenols and chemical intermediates,as well as pharmaceutically active compounds,from aquatic solutions.Depending on the different types of biochar-based materials,organic contaminants can be removed by different mechanisms,such as physical adsorption,electrostatic interaction,π-πinteraction and Fenton process,as well as photocatalytic degradation.In summary,the low cost,tunable surface chemistry and excellent physical-chemical properties of BCs allow it to be a potential material in organic contaminant removal.The combination of BCs with foreign materials endows BCs more functionalities and broader development opportunities.Considering the urgent demand of practical wastewater treatment,we hope more researches will focus on the applications and commercialization of biochar-based materials.展开更多
Biochar have received multidisciplinary attention because of their extraordinary physicochemical properties.In this review,the application of biochar and biochar-based materials for the efficient elimination of organi...Biochar have received multidisciplinary attention because of their extraordinary physicochemical properties.In this review,the application of biochar and biochar-based materials for the efficient elimination of organic and inorganic pollutants are summarized.The sorption of organic chemicals and heavy metal ions/radionuclides,degradation/transformation of organic pollutants,and sorption-reduction-solidification of high-valent metal ions are described in detail.The interaction mechanism at molecular level from advanced spectroscopic techniques and theoretical calculations is discussed.Finally,the challenges in the application of biochar and biochar-supported materials in the immobilization of heavy metal ions and photocatalytic degradation of persistent organic pollutants in soils or wastewater are pointed out.This review is helpful for the graduate stu-dents to understand the recent works about biochar and biochar-supported materials in environmental pollutants management.展开更多
The separation of radionuclides is critical for the sustainable development of nuclear energy. It is urgent to design and prepare functionalized materials for efficient radionuclides separation. Porous materials are c...The separation of radionuclides is critical for the sustainable development of nuclear energy. It is urgent to design and prepare functionalized materials for efficient radionuclides separation. Porous materials are considered excellent candidates for the separation of radionuclides under complex conditions due to their high specific surface areas, tunable pore structures and controllable functionalities. In this review, we summarized the design, preparation and functionalization of porous materials and their application for separation of radionuclides in the past five years, discussed the separation performance and analyzed the structure-activity relationship between various radionuclides and porous materials, and systematically clarified their characterization and mechanism of different type porous materials. We also introduced the detection, irradiation and chemical toxicity of different reflective radionuclides.展开更多
With the fast development of industrialization and urbanization,large amounts of organic pollutants are released into the natural environment.The efficient elimination of organic pollutants is thereby crucial for envi...With the fast development of industrialization and urbanization,large amounts of organic pollutants are released into the natural environment.The efficient elimination of organic pollutants is thereby crucial for environmental pollution treatment and human health.In the last decades,photocatalytic degradation of persistent organic pollutants has attracted multidisciplinary interest because of its simple operation on a large scale.However,the whole processes for the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants are still unclear.In this perspective,the contribution of reactive species,the contribution of photocatalysts,the analysis of intermediate products,the charge transfer and fast carrier recombination are discussed on biochar-based photocatalysts.展开更多
Herein,a biochar-based composite(Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)@biochar-PDA/PEI)was constructed by decorating Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) and polydopamine on coconut shell biochar via electrostatic self-assembly method.Different characterizat...Herein,a biochar-based composite(Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)@biochar-PDA/PEI)was constructed by decorating Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) and polydopamine on coconut shell biochar via electrostatic self-assembly method.Different characterization techniques were applied to explore the structure,morphology and composition of the sorbents.It was found that the higher porosity and diverse functional groups were conducive for Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)@biochar-PDA/PEI to capture radionuclides,and the water environmental conditions made a great contribution to the adsorption process.The process of removing U(Ⅵ)/Cs(Ⅰ)well complied with the Langmuir isotherm and Pseudo-second-order equations,which indicated that the single layer chemical adsorption occurred on the solid liquid interface.Meanwhile,this produced composite exhibited superior removal performance under complex co-existing ion environment,and the maximum adsorption amounts of U(Ⅵ)and Cs(Ⅰ)reached up to 239.7 and 40.3 mg g^(−1).Impressively,this adsorbent still exhibited good adsorption performance after three cycles of regeneration.The spectral analysis and DFT calculation demonstrated that adsorption of U(Ⅵ)might be a chemical process,while the adsorption of Cs(Ⅰ)should be ion exchange or electrostatic attraction.This study demonstrated the potential application of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)@biochar-PDA/PEI as an effective remediation strategy for radioactive wastewater cleanup.展开更多
Metal-enhanced photocatalysis has recently received increasing interest,mainly due to the ability of metal to directly or indirectly degrade pollutants.In this review,we briefly review the recent breakthroughs in meta...Metal-enhanced photocatalysis has recently received increasing interest,mainly due to the ability of metal to directly or indirectly degrade pollutants.In this review,we briefly review the recent breakthroughs in metal-enhanced photocatalysis.We discussed the recent progress of surface plasmon resonance(SPR)effect and small size effect of metal nanoparticles on photocatalysis;in particular,we focus on elucidating the mechanism of energy transfer and hot electron injection/transfer effect of metal nanoparticles and clusters while as photocatalysts or as cophotocatalysts.Finally,we discuss the potential applications of metal-enhanced photocatalysis,and we also offer some perspectives for further investigations.展开更多
Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)have garnered multidisciplinary attention due to their structural tailorability,controlled pore size,and physicochemical functions,and their inherent properties can be exploited by applyi...Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)have garnered multidisciplinary attention due to their structural tailorability,controlled pore size,and physicochemical functions,and their inherent properties can be exploited by applying them as precursors and/or templates for fabricating derived hollow porous nanomaterials.The fascinating,functional properties and applications of MOFderived hollow porous materials primarily lie in their chemical composition,hollow character,and unique porous structure.Herein,a comprehensive overview of the synthetic strategies and emerging applications of hollow porous materials derived from MOF-based templates and/or precursors is given.Based on the role of MOFs in the preparation of hollow porous materials,the synthetic strategies are described in detail,including(1)MOFs as removable templates,(2)MOF nanocrystals as both self-sacrificing templates and precursors,(3)MOF@secondary-component core-shell composites as precursors,and(4)hollow MOF nanocrystals and their composites as precursors.Subsequently,the applications of these hollow porous materials for chemical catalysis,electrocatalysis,energy storage and conversion,and environmental management are presented.Finally,a perspective on the research challenges and future opportunities and prospects for MOF-derived hollow materials is provided.展开更多
The precise engineering of surface active sites is deemed as an efficient protocol for regulating surfaces and catalytic properties of catalysts.Defect engineering is the most feasible option to modulate the surface a...The precise engineering of surface active sites is deemed as an efficient protocol for regulating surfaces and catalytic properties of catalysts.Defect engineering is the most feasible option to modulate the surface active sites of catalysts.Creating specific active sites on the catalyst allows precise modulation of its electronic structure and physicochemical characteristics.Here,we outlined the engineering of several types of defects,including vacancy defects,void defects,dopant-related defects,and defect-based single atomic sites.An overview of progress in fabricating structural defects on catalysts via de novo synthesis or post-synthetic modification was provided.Then,the applications of the well-designed defective catalysts in energy conversion and environmental remediation were carefully elucidated.Finally,current challenges in the precise construction of active defect sites on the catalyst and future perspectives for the development directions of precisely controlled synthesis of defective catalysts were also proposed.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22341602,U24B20195)。
文摘Nuclear energy is critical not only to sustainable economic development but also to achieving peaking carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality[1].China is expected to host the world’s largest number of nuclear power plants in a few years.Uranium-235 serves as the primary fissile material for the fabrication of nuclear fuel.However,there are only about 6.14 million tons of uranium resources on land,which can sustain~70 years of operation for global nuclear power plants.Thereby,the recovery of uranium from spent fuel,radioactive waste solutions,seawater,and salt lakes is crucial for the healthy development of nuclear power utilization[2-4].
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42277063)the Postdoctoral Research Foundation of China(No.2021M702886)+1 种基金the Leading Innovative Talents cultivation Project of Changzhou City(No.CQ20230096)the Research Initiation Project of Changzhou University.
文摘The MXenes,a new class of two-dimensional layered materials,have found extensive applications in water treatment for its excellent thermal stability,electrical conductivity,and excellent adsorption ability.Sulfidized nano zero-valent iron(S-nZVI)is a good reducing agent,however,the practical application of S-nZVI is currently restricted due to the tendency of nano materials to agglomerate.Herein,MXenes use as a support and in situ loading S-nZVI on it to prepare a new material(S-nZVI/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)),and applied it to U(VI)removal in water treatment.The microscopic characterization proves that S-nZVI on Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) has good dispersion and effectively alleviates agglomeration.Batch experiments shown that SnZVI/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) has a very good effect on U(VI)removal,and themaximumadsorption capacity reaches 674.4mg/g under the aerobic condition at pH=6.0.The pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm model were found to be more appropriate for describing the adsorption behavior.This indicates that the removal process is a single molecular layer chemisorption.Moreover,the S-nZVI/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) maintained a removal efficiency of over 85%for U(VI)even after being reused five times,demonstrating its excellent reusability.It is worth noting that the material can remove 79.8%of 50 mg/L of U(VI)in simulated seawater,indicating that S-nZVI/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) possessed an excellent uranium extraction performance from seawater.Experimental results and XPS analysis showed that U(VI)was removed by adsorption,reduction and co-precipitation.Moreover,S-nZVI/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) was a lowtoxicitymaterial to Hyriopsis cumingii.Therefore,S-nZVI/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) was expected to be a candidate as adsorbent with great potential in removal of uranium from wastewater and seawater.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21207092, 21577093)the Science and Technology Project of Shaoxing (No. 2014B70041)
文摘The magnetic iron oxide（Fe3O4） nanoparticles stabilized on the biochar were synthesized by fast pyrolysis of Fe（II）-loaded hydrophyte biomass under N2 conditions. The batch experiments showed that magnetic biochar presented a large removal capacity（54.35 mg/g）at pH 3.0 and 293 K. The reductive co-precipitation of U（VI） to U（IV） by magnetic biochar was demonstrated according to X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray absorption near edge structure analysis. According to extended X-ray absorption fine structure analysis, the occurrence of U-Fe and U-U shells indicated that high effective removal of uranium was primarily inner-sphere coordination and then reductive co-precipitation at low pH. These observations provided the further understanding of uranium removal by magnetic materials in environmental remediation.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (Nos.31700476,21777102)。
文摘Herein,we developed the invasive plant-derived biochar (IPB) functionalized with CaAl-LDH at five mass ratios using a physical mixture method,assessed their adsorption perform for Eu(Ⅲ),and explored the relative mechanisms.Results show that the IPB successfully loaded CaAl-LDH in five composites and their Eu(Ⅲ) sorption affinities were strongly affected by solution p H,contact time,temperature,and the mass ratio of LDH and IPB.All the sorpiton process for Eu(Ⅲ) occurred on the heterogeneous surface of five composites and the boundary layer diffusion limited the chemical sorption rate.Interestingly,the CaAl-LDH/IPB composite with high ratio of IPB had higher sorption capacity than the one with high ratio of LDH due to larger porosity of the former.Three mechanisms containing ion exchange between Al and Eu ions,surface complexation with carboxyl-and oxygen-containing functional groups,and precipitation were involved in the Eu(Ⅲ) sorption,but the dominant sorption mechanism for each CaAl-LDH/IPB composite differed with different mass ratio of CaAl-LDH and IPB.In composite with more IPB (e.g.,CaAl-LDH/IPB-13),both ion exchange and surface complexes dominated the sorption process and the intensity of Eu^3+ was identified with the one of Eu2O3.Whereas in composites with high LDH,ion exchange dominated the sorption and the intensity of Eu^3+ was obviously higher than the one of Eu_2O_3.This research will provide a new perspective for the application of the LDH/biochar materials.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21976054)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFA0207002)Beijing Outstanding Young Scientist Program.
文摘Aluminosilicate clay mineral(ACM)is a kind of typical raw materials that used widely in manufacturing industry owing to the abundant reserve and low-cost exploring.In past two decades,in-depth understanding on unique layered structure and abundant surface proper-ties endows ACM in the emerging research and application fields.In field of solar-chemical energy conversion,ACM has been widely used to support various semiconductor photocata-lysts,forming the composites and achieving efficient conversion of reactants under sunlight irradiation.To date,classic ACM such as kaolinite and montmorillonite,loaded with semi-conductor photocatalysts has been widely applied in photocatalysis.This review summaries the recent works on ACM-based composites in photocatalysis.Focusing on the properties of surface and layered structure,we elucidate the different features in the composition with various functional photocatalysts on two typical kinds of ACM,i.e.,type 1∶1 and type 2∶1.Not only large surface area and active surface hydroxyl group assist the substrate adsorption,but also the layered structure provides more space to enlarge the application of ACM-based photocatalysts.Besides,we overview the modifications on ACM from both external surface and the inter-layer space that make the formation of composites more efficiently and boost the photo-chemical process.This review could inspire more upcoming design and synthesis for ACM-based photocatalysts,leading this kind of economic and eco-friendly materials for more practical application in the future.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2018YFC1900105,2016YFA0203200,2017YFA0207002)the Beijing Outstanding Young Scientist Program and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2019MS044)。
文摘For the continuous utilization of nuclear energy and efficient control of radioactive pollution, low-cost materials with high efficient U(VI) removal are of great importance. In this study, low temperature plasma method was applied for the successful modification of Ophosphorylethanolamine(O-PEA) on the porous carbon materials. The produced materials(Cafe/O-PEA) could adsorb U(VI) efficiently with the maximum sorption capacity of 648.54mg/g at 1 hr, T=298 K, and p H=6.0, much higher than those of most carbon-based composites. U(VI) sorption was mainly controlled by strong surface complexation. From FTIR,SEM-EDS and XPS analyses, the sorption of U(VI) was related to the complexation with-NH2, phosphate and-OH groups on Cafe/O-PEA. The low temperature plasma method was an efficient, environmentally friendly and low-cost method for surface modification of materials for the effective enrichment of U(VI) from aqueous solutions.
基金supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42207367)the Basic Public Welfare Research Project of Zhejiang Province(No.LGN20C150003)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded project(No.2022M711655).
文摘Soil continuous monocropping obstacles pose a significant challenge to the sustainable production of cut chrysanthemums.Yet,the effectiveness of integrating biochar and microbial antagonists in alleviating these obstacles in cut chrysanthemum production remains unclear.Here,we collected soils from a 12-year continuous cropping system with a high incidence of disease to establish a pot experiment comprising four treatments:control(CK),biochar(BC),Bacillus subtilis(BM),and their combined addition(BM_BC),investigating the effects of biochar and B.subtilis on the disease incidence,plant growth,pathogenic and antagonistic microbial populations,and the bacterial and fungal communities in diseased soil.The results showed that BM_BC treatment effectively controlled the disease and significantly increased(P<0.05)the plant biomass and root activity of cut chrysanthemum by 41.3%and 254%,respectively,compared to the CK.Notably,the BM_BC exhibited the lowest population of Fusarium oxysporum and the highest population of B.subtilis,along with the greatest alpha diversity(measured by Chao1 and Shannon indices)of both bacterial and fungal communities among the four treatments.The amendments of BC,BM,and BM_BC significantly altered the structure and composition of bacterial and fungal communities,with BM_BC primarily enriching beneficial bacteria and suppressing pathogen.Microbial co-occurrence network analysis revealed that BM_BC increased the abundance of module 2,co-dominated by bacterial and fungal species,and strengthened the interactions between them.The PLS-PM analysis demonstrated that bacteria-fungi interkingdom interactions played a crucial role in promoting the growth of cut chrysanthemums in diseased soil.Therefore,our findings underscore the synergistic effects of biochar and B.subtilis in suppressing Fusarium wilt disease and enhancing the growth of cut chrysanthemums by strengthening microbial interkingdom interactions.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFA0207002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21906052,U2067215)Beijing Outstanding Young Scientist Program.
文摘Biochar shows significant potential to serve as a globally applicable material to remediate water and soil owing to the extensive availability of feedstocks and conducive physio-chemical surface characteristics.This review aims to highlight biochar production technologies,characteristics of biochar,and the latest advancements in immobilizing and eliminating heavy metal ions and organic pollutants in soil and water.Pyrolysis temperature,heat transfer rate,residence time,and type of feedstock are critical influential parameters.Biochar’s efficacy in managing contaminants relies on the pore size distribution,surface groups,and ion-exchange capacity.The molecular composition and physical architecture of biochar may be crucial when practically applied to water and soil.In general,biochar produced at relatively high pyrolysis temperatures can effectively manage organic pollutants via increasing surface area,hydrophobicity and microporosity.Biochar generated at lower temperatures is deemed to be more suitable for removing polar organic and inorganic pollutants through oxygen-containing functional groups,precipitation and electrostatic attraction.This review also presents the existing obstacles and future research direction related to biochar-based materials in immobilizing organic contaminants and heavy metal ions in effluents and soil.
基金supported by the Science Challenge Project(TZ2016004)the National Natural Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC1900105 and 2017YFA0207002)Beijing Outstanding Young Scientist Program。
文摘Uranium extraction from seawater is of strategic significance for nuclear power generation.Amidoximebased functional adsorbents play indispensable roles in the recovery of seawater uranium with high efficiency.Nevertheless,balancing the adsorption capacity and selectivity is challenging in the presence of complicated interfering ions especially vanadium.Herein,a polyarylether-based covalent organic framework functionalized with open-chain amidoxime(COF-HHTF-AO)was synthesized with remarkable chemical stability and excellent crystallinity.Impressively,the adsorption capacity of COF-HHTF-AO towards uranium in natural seawater reached up to 5.12 mg/g,which is 1.61 times higher than that for vanadium.Detailed computational calculations revealed that the higher selectivity for uranium over vanadium originated from the specific bonding nature and coordination pattern with amidoxime.Combining enhanced adsorption capacity,excellent selectivity and ultrahigh stability,COF-HHTF-AO serves as a promising adsorbent for uranium extraction from the natural seawater.
基金the Deanship of Scientific Research(DSR)at King Abdulaziz University,Jeddah,under Grant No.KEP-19-130-40The National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2018YFC1900105)was acknowledged.
文摘With the rapid development of industrial,large amounts of different inorganic and organic pollutants are released into the natural environments.The efficient elimination of environmental pollutants,i.e.,photocatalytic degradation of persistent organic pollutants into nontoxic organic/inorganic chemicals,in-situ solidification or sorption-reduction of heavy metal ions,is crucial to protect the environment.Nanomaterials with large surface area,active sites and abundant functional groups could form strong surface complexes with different kinds of pollutants and thereby could efficiently eliminate the pollutants from the aqueous solutions.In this review,wemainly focused on the recent works about the synthesis of nanomaterials and their applications in the efficient elimination of different organic and inorganic pollutants from wastewater and discussed the interaction mechanism from batch experimental results,the advanced spectroscopy techniques and theoretical calculations.The adsorption and the photocatalytic reduction of organic pollutants and the sorption/reduction of heavy metal ions are generally considered as the mainmethods to decrease the concentration of pollutants in the natural environment.This review highlights anew way for the real applications of novel nanomaterials in environmental pollution management,especially for the undergraduate students to understand the recent works in the elimination of different kinds of inorganic and organic chemicals in the natural environmental pollution management.
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41807468)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.LY18E080018)State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Foundation(Grant No.PCRRF18021).
文摘Biochar(BC)has exhibited a great potential to remove water contaminants due to its wide availability of raw materials,high surface area,developed pore structure,and low cost.However,the application of BC for water remediation has many limita-tions.Driven by the intense desire of overcoming unfavorable factors,a growing number of researchers have carried out to produce BC-based composite materials,which not only improved the physicochemical properties of BC,but also obtained a new composite material which combined the advantages of BC and other materials.This article reviewed previous researches on BC and BC-based composite materials,and discussed in terms of the preparation methods,the physicochemical properties,the performance of contaminant removal,and underlying adsorption mechanisms.Then the recent research progress in the removal of inorganic and organic contaminants by BC and BC-based materials was also systematically reviewed.Although BC-based composite materials have shown high performance in inorganic or organic pollutants removal,the potential risks(such as stability and biological toxicity)still need to be noticed and further study.At the end of this review,future prospects for the synthesis and application of BC and BC-based materials were proposed.This review will help the new researchers systematically understand the research progress of BC and BC-based composite materials in environmental remediation.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFA0207002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2067215)+1 种基金the Key Research and Development Plan of Zhejiang Province(2021C03176)Beijing Outstanding Young Scientist Program。
文摘The fast increase of population results in the quick development of industry and agriculture.Large amounts of contaminants such as metal ions and organic contaminants are released into the natural environment,posing a risk to human health and causing environment ecosystem problems.The efficient elimination of contaminants from aqueous solutions,photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants or the in-situ solidification/immobilization of heavy metal ions in solid phases are the most suitable strategies to decontaminate the pollution.Biochar and biochar-based composites have attracted multidisciplinary interests especially in environmental pollution management because of their porous structures,large amounts of functional groups,high adsorption capacities and photocatalysis performance.In this review,the application of biochar and biochar-based composites as adsorbents and/or catalysts for the adsorption of different contaminants,adsorption-photodegradation of organic pollutants,and adsorption-(photo)reduction of metal ions are summarized,and the mechanism was discussed from advanced spectroscopy analysis and DFT calculation in detail.The doping of metal or metal oxides is the main strategy to narrow the band gap,to increase the generation and separation of photogenerated e−-h+pairs,to produce more superoxide radicals(·O_(2)^(−))and hydroxyl radicals(·OH),to enhance the visible light absorption and to increase photocatalysis performance,which dominate the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants and(photo)reduction of high valent metals to low valent metals.The biochar-based composites are environmentally friendly materials,which are promising candidates in environmental pollution cleanup.The challenge and perspective for biochar-based catalysts are provided in the end.
基金support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFA0207002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21836001,21607042)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2018ZD11,2018MS114).
文摘As a class of famous carbon materials,biochars(BCs)and their derivative materials with excellent physicochemical properties and diversified functionalities present great potential in wastewater treatment fields.This review focuses on the latest development in reported biochar-based materials as superior adsorbents or catalysts for removing harmful organic contaminants from wastewater.The construction and properties of biochar-based materials are briefly introduced at the beginning.As one of the major factors affecting the properties of BCs,the wide diversity of feedstocks,such as agricultural and forest residues,industrial by-products as well as municipal wastes,endows BCs different chemical compositions and structures.Woody and herbaceous BCs usually have higher carbon contents,larger surface areas and strong aromaticity,which is in favor of the organic contaminant removal.Driven by the desire of more cost-effective materials,several types of biochar-based hybrid materials,such as magnetic BC composites(MBC),nanometal/nanometallic oxides/hydroxide BC composites and layered nanomaterial-coated BCs,as well as physically/chemically activated BCs,have also been developed.With the help of foreign materials,these types of hybrid BCs have excellent capacities to remove a wide range of organic contaminants,including organic dyestuff,phenols and chemical intermediates,as well as pharmaceutically active compounds,from aquatic solutions.Depending on the different types of biochar-based materials,organic contaminants can be removed by different mechanisms,such as physical adsorption,electrostatic interaction,π-πinteraction and Fenton process,as well as photocatalytic degradation.In summary,the low cost,tunable surface chemistry and excellent physical-chemical properties of BCs allow it to be a potential material in organic contaminant removal.The combination of BCs with foreign materials endows BCs more functionalities and broader development opportunities.Considering the urgent demand of practical wastewater treatment,we hope more researches will focus on the applications and commercialization of biochar-based materials.
基金Financial supports from National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC1900105)National Natural Science Foundation of China(21836001)Beijing Outstanding Young Scientist Program are acknowledged.
文摘Biochar have received multidisciplinary attention because of their extraordinary physicochemical properties.In this review,the application of biochar and biochar-based materials for the efficient elimination of organic and inorganic pollutants are summarized.The sorption of organic chemicals and heavy metal ions/radionuclides,degradation/transformation of organic pollutants,and sorption-reduction-solidification of high-valent metal ions are described in detail.The interaction mechanism at molecular level from advanced spectroscopic techniques and theoretical calculations is discussed.Finally,the challenges in the application of biochar and biochar-supported materials in the immobilization of heavy metal ions and photocatalytic degradation of persistent organic pollutants in soils or wastewater are pointed out.This review is helpful for the graduate stu-dents to understand the recent works about biochar and biochar-supported materials in environmental pollutants management.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22341602, U2067215, 22006036, U2167218, U2341289, 22327807, 22176077)the Beijing Outstanding Young Scientist Program, and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (lzujbky-2023-stlt01)。
文摘The separation of radionuclides is critical for the sustainable development of nuclear energy. It is urgent to design and prepare functionalized materials for efficient radionuclides separation. Porous materials are considered excellent candidates for the separation of radionuclides under complex conditions due to their high specific surface areas, tunable pore structures and controllable functionalities. In this review, we summarized the design, preparation and functionalization of porous materials and their application for separation of radionuclides in the past five years, discussed the separation performance and analyzed the structure-activity relationship between various radionuclides and porous materials, and systematically clarified their characterization and mechanism of different type porous materials. We also introduced the detection, irradiation and chemical toxicity of different reflective radionuclides.
基金Financial support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC1900105,2017YFA0207002)Beijing Outstanding Young Scientist Program are acknowledged.
文摘With the fast development of industrialization and urbanization,large amounts of organic pollutants are released into the natural environment.The efficient elimination of organic pollutants is thereby crucial for environmental pollution treatment and human health.In the last decades,photocatalytic degradation of persistent organic pollutants has attracted multidisciplinary interest because of its simple operation on a large scale.However,the whole processes for the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants are still unclear.In this perspective,the contribution of reactive species,the contribution of photocatalysts,the analysis of intermediate products,the charge transfer and fast carrier recombination are discussed on biochar-based photocatalysts.
基金Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.LQ23B060002China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under Grant No.2021M702911.
文摘Herein,a biochar-based composite(Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)@biochar-PDA/PEI)was constructed by decorating Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) and polydopamine on coconut shell biochar via electrostatic self-assembly method.Different characterization techniques were applied to explore the structure,morphology and composition of the sorbents.It was found that the higher porosity and diverse functional groups were conducive for Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)@biochar-PDA/PEI to capture radionuclides,and the water environmental conditions made a great contribution to the adsorption process.The process of removing U(Ⅵ)/Cs(Ⅰ)well complied with the Langmuir isotherm and Pseudo-second-order equations,which indicated that the single layer chemical adsorption occurred on the solid liquid interface.Meanwhile,this produced composite exhibited superior removal performance under complex co-existing ion environment,and the maximum adsorption amounts of U(Ⅵ)and Cs(Ⅰ)reached up to 239.7 and 40.3 mg g^(−1).Impressively,this adsorbent still exhibited good adsorption performance after three cycles of regeneration.The spectral analysis and DFT calculation demonstrated that adsorption of U(Ⅵ)might be a chemical process,while the adsorption of Cs(Ⅰ)should be ion exchange or electrostatic attraction.This study demonstrated the potential application of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)@biochar-PDA/PEI as an effective remediation strategy for radioactive wastewater cleanup.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21876047)the Thousand Talents Plan of Qinghai Province,the Basic Research Program of Qinghai Province(2021-ZJ-925)the Beijing Outstanding Young Scientist Program.
文摘Metal-enhanced photocatalysis has recently received increasing interest,mainly due to the ability of metal to directly or indirectly degrade pollutants.In this review,we briefly review the recent breakthroughs in metal-enhanced photocatalysis.We discussed the recent progress of surface plasmon resonance(SPR)effect and small size effect of metal nanoparticles on photocatalysis;in particular,we focus on elucidating the mechanism of energy transfer and hot electron injection/transfer effect of metal nanoparticles and clusters while as photocatalysts or as cophotocatalysts.Finally,we discuss the potential applications of metal-enhanced photocatalysis,and we also offer some perspectives for further investigations.
基金Financial support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC1900105)NSFC(22006036+1 种基金U2167218)Beijing Outstanding Young Scientist Program is greatly appreciated。
文摘Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)have garnered multidisciplinary attention due to their structural tailorability,controlled pore size,and physicochemical functions,and their inherent properties can be exploited by applying them as precursors and/or templates for fabricating derived hollow porous nanomaterials.The fascinating,functional properties and applications of MOFderived hollow porous materials primarily lie in their chemical composition,hollow character,and unique porous structure.Herein,a comprehensive overview of the synthetic strategies and emerging applications of hollow porous materials derived from MOF-based templates and/or precursors is given.Based on the role of MOFs in the preparation of hollow porous materials,the synthetic strategies are described in detail,including(1)MOFs as removable templates,(2)MOF nanocrystals as both self-sacrificing templates and precursors,(3)MOF@secondary-component core-shell composites as precursors,and(4)hollow MOF nanocrystals and their composites as precursors.Subsequently,the applications of these hollow porous materials for chemical catalysis,electrocatalysis,energy storage and conversion,and environmental management are presented.Finally,a perspective on the research challenges and future opportunities and prospects for MOF-derived hollow materials is provided.
文摘The precise engineering of surface active sites is deemed as an efficient protocol for regulating surfaces and catalytic properties of catalysts.Defect engineering is the most feasible option to modulate the surface active sites of catalysts.Creating specific active sites on the catalyst allows precise modulation of its electronic structure and physicochemical characteristics.Here,we outlined the engineering of several types of defects,including vacancy defects,void defects,dopant-related defects,and defect-based single atomic sites.An overview of progress in fabricating structural defects on catalysts via de novo synthesis or post-synthetic modification was provided.Then,the applications of the well-designed defective catalysts in energy conversion and environmental remediation were carefully elucidated.Finally,current challenges in the precise construction of active defect sites on the catalyst and future perspectives for the development directions of precisely controlled synthesis of defective catalysts were also proposed.
