We made separate experiments to examine life-history traits and activities of protective enzymes as affected by carbon dioxide(CO_(2))elevation to 780μL/L as compared to 390μL/L in imidacloprid-or buprofezin-resista...We made separate experiments to examine life-history traits and activities of protective enzymes as affected by carbon dioxide(CO_(2))elevation to 780μL/L as compared to 390μL/L in imidacloprid-or buprofezin-resistant strains of the brown planthopper(BPH)Nilaparvata lugens.We found an interaction effect between resistance and the CO_(2) level on the nymphal survival and duration in both resistant strains.Nymphal durations in both resistant strains were much shorter in the resistant than susceptible BPH at 780μL/L but similar between them or slightly shorter in the resistant than susceptible BPH at 390μL/L.Nymphal survival was lower for imidacloprid-resistant than its susceptible BPH at 390μL/L but higher at 780μL/L;it stayed unaffected by the CO_(2) elevation in buprofezin-resistant BPH.We did not observe an interaction effect between resistance and the CO_(2) level on major reproductive parameters in both resistant strains.But the 2 strains were not consistent across CO_(2) levels in all parameters.Our measurements of protective enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase,catalase,and peroxidase showed an interaction between resistance and the CO_(2) level.Overall,these enzymes became similar in activity between resistant and susceptible BPH at 780μL/L compared to 390μL/L and the change was more distinct in the imidacloprid-than buprofezin-resistant BPH strains.Our findings suggest that CO_(2) elevation can affect life-history traits of insecticide-resistant BPH,while the effect may vary depending on the kind of insecticides it is resistant to.展开更多
The functional formula diet AHP, containing polysaccharides from Auricularia auricular, polyphenolic compounds from Hawthorn (Crataegus) and Pueraria radix, has been recently developed as a dietary intervention agains...The functional formula diet AHP, containing polysaccharides from Auricularia auricular, polyphenolic compounds from Hawthorn (Crataegus) and Pueraria radix, has been recently developed as a dietary intervention against dyslipidemia in our previous study. In the present study, its antioxidant activities and protective effects against proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were investigated. AHP possessed the potent radical-scavenging effects against hydroxyl and superoxide radicals, and also the inhibitory effects against peroxidation of low density lipoprotein induced by Cu2+ in vitro. The protective effects of AHP against proliferation of VSMCs were evaluated through the methodology of serum pharmacology. The serum containing AHP significantly inhibited the proliferation of VSMCs induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in a time- and dose-dependent manner, and also promoted the nitric oxide production of VSMCs. Our study indicated that this functional formula diet would be a potent alternative as a functional diet to prevent atherosclerosis at early stage.展开更多
We attempt to determine the effect of the dietary switch from a native to non-native prey on the gut microbiota in the predaceous ladybird Harmonia axyridis larvae and adults and examine how the dietary effect may var...We attempt to determine the effect of the dietary switch from a native to non-native prey on the gut microbiota in the predaceous ladybird Harmonia axyridis larvae and adults and examine how the dietary effect may vary across generations.We fed H.axyridis with different diets,native aphid Megoura japonica(Matsumura)versus non-native mealy-bug Phenacoccus solenopsis(Tinsley),for 5 generations and sequenced microbes in the gut of the 3rd instar larvae and adults of the Ist,3rd,and 5th generations.In addition,we identified microbes in M.japonica and P solenopsis.The 2 prey species differed in microbial community as measured by abundances of prevalent microbial genera and diver-sity.In H.axyridis,abundances of some prevalent microbial genera differed between the 2 diets in the 1st and 3rd generations,but the difference disappeared in the 5th generation;this tendency is more obvious in adults than in larvae.Overall,gut microbial assemblages became gradually cohesive over generations.Microbial diversity differed between diets in the 1st and 3rd generations but became similar in the 5th generation.Major prevalent gut microbial genera are predicted to be associated with metabolic functions of H.axyridis and associated genera are more abundant for consuming the mealybug than the aphid.Our findings from this study suggest that the gut microbiota in H.axyridis is flexible in re-sponse to the dietary switch,but tends toward homogeneity in microbial composition over generations.展开更多
Thirty-nine trace elements of the Song-Yuan period (960—1368 AD) porcelain bodies from Cizhou, Jizhou and Longquanwu kilns were analyzed with ICP-MS, a tech-nique rarely used in Chinese archaeometry, to investigate i...Thirty-nine trace elements of the Song-Yuan period (960—1368 AD) porcelain bodies from Cizhou, Jizhou and Longquanwu kilns were analyzed with ICP-MS, a tech-nique rarely used in Chinese archaeometry, to investigate its potential application in such studies. Trace element composi-tions clearly reflect the distinctive raw materials and their mineralogy at the three kilns and allow their products to be distinguished. Significant chemical variations are also ob-served between Yuan and Song-Jing dynasties samples from Cizhou as well as fine and coarse porcelain bodies from Longquanwu. In Cizhou, porcelains of better quality which imitate the famous Ding kiln have trace element features distinctive from ordinary Cizhou products, that indicates geochemically distinctive raw materials were used and which possibly also underwent extra refining prior to use. The dis-tinct trace element features of different kilns and the various types of porcelains from an individual kiln can be inter-preted from a geochemical perspective. ICP-MS can provide a large amount of valuable information about ancient Chi-nese ceramics as it is capable of analyzing >40 elements with a typical of precision < 2%.展开更多
基金part of R&D projects funded by the Ministry of Science&Technology of PR China(200903003,20110303,2012BAC19B01).
文摘We made separate experiments to examine life-history traits and activities of protective enzymes as affected by carbon dioxide(CO_(2))elevation to 780μL/L as compared to 390μL/L in imidacloprid-or buprofezin-resistant strains of the brown planthopper(BPH)Nilaparvata lugens.We found an interaction effect between resistance and the CO_(2) level on the nymphal survival and duration in both resistant strains.Nymphal durations in both resistant strains were much shorter in the resistant than susceptible BPH at 780μL/L but similar between them or slightly shorter in the resistant than susceptible BPH at 390μL/L.Nymphal survival was lower for imidacloprid-resistant than its susceptible BPH at 390μL/L but higher at 780μL/L;it stayed unaffected by the CO_(2) elevation in buprofezin-resistant BPH.We did not observe an interaction effect between resistance and the CO_(2) level on major reproductive parameters in both resistant strains.But the 2 strains were not consistent across CO_(2) levels in all parameters.Our measurements of protective enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase,catalase,and peroxidase showed an interaction between resistance and the CO_(2) level.Overall,these enzymes became similar in activity between resistant and susceptible BPH at 780μL/L compared to 390μL/L and the change was more distinct in the imidacloprid-than buprofezin-resistant BPH strains.Our findings suggest that CO_(2) elevation can affect life-history traits of insecticide-resistant BPH,while the effect may vary depending on the kind of insecticides it is resistant to.
文摘The functional formula diet AHP, containing polysaccharides from Auricularia auricular, polyphenolic compounds from Hawthorn (Crataegus) and Pueraria radix, has been recently developed as a dietary intervention against dyslipidemia in our previous study. In the present study, its antioxidant activities and protective effects against proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were investigated. AHP possessed the potent radical-scavenging effects against hydroxyl and superoxide radicals, and also the inhibitory effects against peroxidation of low density lipoprotein induced by Cu2+ in vitro. The protective effects of AHP against proliferation of VSMCs were evaluated through the methodology of serum pharmacology. The serum containing AHP significantly inhibited the proliferation of VSMCs induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in a time- and dose-dependent manner, and also promoted the nitric oxide production of VSMCs. Our study indicated that this functional formula diet would be a potent alternative as a functional diet to prevent atherosclerosis at early stage.
基金This research was funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFE0104900)awarded to Ling Meng.
文摘We attempt to determine the effect of the dietary switch from a native to non-native prey on the gut microbiota in the predaceous ladybird Harmonia axyridis larvae and adults and examine how the dietary effect may vary across generations.We fed H.axyridis with different diets,native aphid Megoura japonica(Matsumura)versus non-native mealy-bug Phenacoccus solenopsis(Tinsley),for 5 generations and sequenced microbes in the gut of the 3rd instar larvae and adults of the Ist,3rd,and 5th generations.In addition,we identified microbes in M.japonica and P solenopsis.The 2 prey species differed in microbial community as measured by abundances of prevalent microbial genera and diver-sity.In H.axyridis,abundances of some prevalent microbial genera differed between the 2 diets in the 1st and 3rd generations,but the difference disappeared in the 5th generation;this tendency is more obvious in adults than in larvae.Overall,gut microbial assemblages became gradually cohesive over generations.Microbial diversity differed between diets in the 1st and 3rd generations but became similar in the 5th generation.Major prevalent gut microbial genera are predicted to be associated with metabolic functions of H.axyridis and associated genera are more abundant for consuming the mealybug than the aphid.Our findings from this study suggest that the gut microbiota in H.axyridis is flexible in re-sponse to the dietary switch,but tends toward homogeneity in microbial composition over generations.
文摘Thirty-nine trace elements of the Song-Yuan period (960—1368 AD) porcelain bodies from Cizhou, Jizhou and Longquanwu kilns were analyzed with ICP-MS, a tech-nique rarely used in Chinese archaeometry, to investigate its potential application in such studies. Trace element composi-tions clearly reflect the distinctive raw materials and their mineralogy at the three kilns and allow their products to be distinguished. Significant chemical variations are also ob-served between Yuan and Song-Jing dynasties samples from Cizhou as well as fine and coarse porcelain bodies from Longquanwu. In Cizhou, porcelains of better quality which imitate the famous Ding kiln have trace element features distinctive from ordinary Cizhou products, that indicates geochemically distinctive raw materials were used and which possibly also underwent extra refining prior to use. The dis-tinct trace element features of different kilns and the various types of porcelains from an individual kiln can be inter-preted from a geochemical perspective. ICP-MS can provide a large amount of valuable information about ancient Chi-nese ceramics as it is capable of analyzing >40 elements with a typical of precision < 2%.
