Polyploidization in plants often leads to increased cell size and grain size,which may be affected by the increased genome dosage and transcription abundance.The synthesized Triticum durum(AABB)-Hay-naldia villosa(WM)...Polyploidization in plants often leads to increased cell size and grain size,which may be affected by the increased genome dosage and transcription abundance.The synthesized Triticum durum(AABB)-Hay-naldia villosa(WM)amphiploid(AABBM)has significantly increased grain size,especially grain length,than the tetraploid and diploid parents.To investigate how polyploidization affects grain development at the transcriptional level,we perform transcriptome analysis using the immature seeds of T.durum,H.villosa,and the amphiploid.The dosage effect genes are contributed more by differentially expressed genes from genome V of H.villosa.The dosage effect genes overrepresent grain development-related genes.Inter-estingly,the vernalization gene TaVRN1 is among the positive dosage effect genes in the T.durum-H.villosa and T.turgidum-Ae.tauschii amphiploids.The expression levels of TaVRN1 homologs are positively correlated with the grain size and weight.The TaVRN1-B1 or TaVRN1-D1 mutation shows delayed florescence,decreased cell size,grain size,and grain yield.These data indicate that dosage effect genes could be one of the important explanations for increased grain size by regulating grain development.The identification and functional validation of dosage effect genes may facilitate the finding of valuable genes for improvingwheat yield.展开更多
Wheat powdery mildew(Pm),caused by biotrophic fungus Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici(Bgt),remains a major threat to global wheat production.While over 70 Pm resistance loci have been identified,only a few have been eff...Wheat powdery mildew(Pm),caused by biotrophic fungus Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici(Bgt),remains a major threat to global wheat production.While over 70 Pm resistance loci have been identified,only a few have been effectively deployed in breeding programs,mainly due to rapid pathogen evolution(Kunz et al.,2023).Cloning Pm resistance genes will facilitate the elucidation of Pm resistance mechanisms at the molecular level and their effective utilization in wheat breeding.Recent advances in wheat genomics have accelerated the cloning of 22 Pm genes,predominantly encoding nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat recoptor(NLR)proteins(Ma et al.,2024).Five Bgt avirulent(Avr)genes(AvrPm1,AvrPm2,AvrPm3,AvrPm8,and AvrPm17)have been cloned,all encoding Y/F/WxC-motif-containing proteins(Muller et al.,2022).However,the molecular mechanisms underlying most cloned Pm genes remain largely uncharacterized.展开更多
Root-associated microbes are critical for plant growth and nutrient acquisition. However, scant information exists on optimizing communities of beneficial root-associated microbes or the mechanisms underlying their in...Root-associated microbes are critical for plant growth and nutrient acquisition. However, scant information exists on optimizing communities of beneficial root-associated microbes or the mechanisms underlying their interactions with host plants. In this report, we demonstrate that rootassociated microbes are critical influencers of host plant growth and nutrient acquisition. Three synthetic communities(SynComs) were constructed based on functional screening of 1,893 microbial strains isolated from root-associated compartments of soybean plants. Functional assemblage of SynComs promoted significant plant growth and nutrient acquisition under both N/P nutrient deficiency and sufficiency conditions.Field trials further revealed that application of SynComs stably and significantly promoted plant growth, facilitated N and P acquisition, and subsequently increased soybean yield. Among the tested communities, SynCom1 exhibited the greatest promotion effect, with yield increases of up to 36.1% observed in two field sites. Further RNA-seq implied that SynCom application systemically regulates N and P signaling networks at the transcriptional level, which leads to increased representation of important growth pathways, especially those related to auxin responses. Overall,this study details a promising strategy for constructing SynComs based on functional screening,which are capable of enhancing nutrient acquisition and crop yield through the activities of beneficial root-associated microbes.展开更多
基金This work was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFF1002900 and 2020YFE0202900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32270576)+4 种基金Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program(BE2022346)Seed Industry Revitalization Project of Jiangsu Province(JBGS[2021]006 and JBGS[2021]013)the Jiangsu Agricultural Technology System(JATS[2023]422)the Joint Research of Wheat Variety Improvement of AnhuiZhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory(ZSBBL)(ZSBBL-KY2023-02-2)。
文摘Polyploidization in plants often leads to increased cell size and grain size,which may be affected by the increased genome dosage and transcription abundance.The synthesized Triticum durum(AABB)-Hay-naldia villosa(WM)amphiploid(AABBM)has significantly increased grain size,especially grain length,than the tetraploid and diploid parents.To investigate how polyploidization affects grain development at the transcriptional level,we perform transcriptome analysis using the immature seeds of T.durum,H.villosa,and the amphiploid.The dosage effect genes are contributed more by differentially expressed genes from genome V of H.villosa.The dosage effect genes overrepresent grain development-related genes.Inter-estingly,the vernalization gene TaVRN1 is among the positive dosage effect genes in the T.durum-H.villosa and T.turgidum-Ae.tauschii amphiploids.The expression levels of TaVRN1 homologs are positively correlated with the grain size and weight.The TaVRN1-B1 or TaVRN1-D1 mutation shows delayed florescence,decreased cell size,grain size,and grain yield.These data indicate that dosage effect genes could be one of the important explanations for increased grain size by regulating grain development.The identification and functional validation of dosage effect genes may facilitate the finding of valuable genes for improvingwheat yield.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD1200402,2023YFF1000603,and 2024YFE0115100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32472184,32302369,and 32472130)+6 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central University(XUEKEN2022012)the Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory(ZSBBL-KY2023-02-2)the Seed Industry Revitalization Project of Jiangsu Province(JBGS(2021)006)the Jiangsu Agricultural Technology System(JATS[2023]422)the Joint Key Project of Improved Wheat Variety of Anhui Province(2021-)the Marie Curie Fellowship grant award"AEGILWHEAT"(H2020-MSCA-IF-2016-746253)the Hungarian National Research,Development and Innovation Office(K135057).
文摘Wheat powdery mildew(Pm),caused by biotrophic fungus Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici(Bgt),remains a major threat to global wheat production.While over 70 Pm resistance loci have been identified,only a few have been effectively deployed in breeding programs,mainly due to rapid pathogen evolution(Kunz et al.,2023).Cloning Pm resistance genes will facilitate the elucidation of Pm resistance mechanisms at the molecular level and their effective utilization in wheat breeding.Recent advances in wheat genomics have accelerated the cloning of 22 Pm genes,predominantly encoding nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat recoptor(NLR)proteins(Ma et al.,2024).Five Bgt avirulent(Avr)genes(AvrPm1,AvrPm2,AvrPm3,AvrPm8,and AvrPm17)have been cloned,all encoding Y/F/WxC-motif-containing proteins(Muller et al.,2022).However,the molecular mechanisms underlying most cloned Pm genes remain largely uncharacterized.
基金supported by the by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31830083)China National Key Program for Research and Development(No.2016YFD0100700)。
文摘Root-associated microbes are critical for plant growth and nutrient acquisition. However, scant information exists on optimizing communities of beneficial root-associated microbes or the mechanisms underlying their interactions with host plants. In this report, we demonstrate that rootassociated microbes are critical influencers of host plant growth and nutrient acquisition. Three synthetic communities(SynComs) were constructed based on functional screening of 1,893 microbial strains isolated from root-associated compartments of soybean plants. Functional assemblage of SynComs promoted significant plant growth and nutrient acquisition under both N/P nutrient deficiency and sufficiency conditions.Field trials further revealed that application of SynComs stably and significantly promoted plant growth, facilitated N and P acquisition, and subsequently increased soybean yield. Among the tested communities, SynCom1 exhibited the greatest promotion effect, with yield increases of up to 36.1% observed in two field sites. Further RNA-seq implied that SynCom application systemically regulates N and P signaling networks at the transcriptional level, which leads to increased representation of important growth pathways, especially those related to auxin responses. Overall,this study details a promising strategy for constructing SynComs based on functional screening,which are capable of enhancing nutrient acquisition and crop yield through the activities of beneficial root-associated microbes.
