Yunnan is exceedingly rich in higher fungi(Ascomycota and Basidiomycota). Given that the number of fungi(including lichens) occurring in a given area is, as Hawksworth suggested, roughly six times that of local vascul...Yunnan is exceedingly rich in higher fungi(Ascomycota and Basidiomycota). Given that the number of fungi(including lichens) occurring in a given area is, as Hawksworth suggested, roughly six times that of local vascular plants, a total of approximately 104,000 fungal species would be expected in Yunnan.However, to date only about 6000 fungal species, including roughly 3000 species of higher fungi, have been reported from the province. Although studies on Yunnan's fungi started in the late nineteenth century, significant progress has been made only in the last forty-five years. Over the first twenty-five years of this period, studies on fungal diversity in this area have largely been about taxonomy based on morphological characters and partially on geographical distribution. Over the past twenty years, the combination of both morphological and molecular phylogenetic approaches has become the preferred method to help understand the diversity and evolution of higher fungi. This review focuses on our current knowledge of how geological, geographical, and ecological factors may have contributed to the diversity patterns of higher fungi in Yunnan. Based on this knowledge, three aspects for future studies are suggested.展开更多
Mushrooms in the basidiomycete family Boletaceae are ecologically and economically very important.However,due to the morphological complexity and the limited phylogenetic information on the various species and genera ...Mushrooms in the basidiomycete family Boletaceae are ecologically and economically very important.However,due to the morphological complexity and the limited phylogenetic information on the various species and genera of this fungal family,our understanding of its systematics and evolution remains rudimentary.In this study,DNA sequences of four genes(nrLSU,tef1-α,rpb1,and rpb2)were newly obtained from ca.200 representative specimens of Boletaceae.Our phylogenetic analyses revealed seven major clades at the subfamily level,namely Austroboletoideae,Boletoideae,Chalciporoideae,Leccinoideae,Xerocomoideae,Zangioideae,and the Pulveroboletus Group.In addition,59 genus-level clades were identified,of which 22 were uncovered for the first time.These 22 clades were mainly placed in Boletoideae and the Pulveroboletus Group.The results further indicated that the characters frequently used in the morphology-based taxonomy of Boletaceae,such as basidiospore ornamentation,the form of the basidioma,and the stuffed pores each had multiple origins within the family,suggesting that the use of such features for high-level classification of Boletaceae should be de-emphasized and combined with other characters.展开更多
Based on our previous molecular phylogenetic analyses,four new genera are described,namely Baorangia,Lanmaoa,Parvixerocomus,and Rugiboletus,and one known genus,Neoboletus,is re-delimitated.Four new species and nine ne...Based on our previous molecular phylogenetic analyses,four new genera are described,namely Baorangia,Lanmaoa,Parvixerocomus,and Rugiboletus,and one known genus,Neoboletus,is re-delimitated.Four new species and nine new combinations are proposed.Morphological characters of each genus and related eleven species are described and illustrated.Most of species in the genera described from southwestern China are wild edible mushrooms and can be found in free markets.展开更多
Porcini mushrooms(Boletus sect.Boletus)have both economic and ecological importance.Recent molecular phylogenetic study has uncovered rich species diversity of this group of fungi from China.In this study,the Chinese ...Porcini mushrooms(Boletus sect.Boletus)have both economic and ecological importance.Recent molecular phylogenetic study has uncovered rich species diversity of this group of fungi from China.In this study,the Chinese porcini were characterized by both morphological andmolecular phylogenetic evidence.15 species were recognized,including nine new species,namely B.botryoides,B.fagacicola,B.griseiceps,B.monilifer,B.sinoedulis,B.subviolaceofuscus,B.tylopilopsis,B.umbrinipileus and B.viscidiceps.Three previously described species,viz.B.bainiugan,B.meiweiniuganjun and B.shiyong,were revised,and B.meiweiniuganjun is treated as a synonym of B.bainiugan.A key to the Chinese porcini mushrooms was provided.展开更多
A new monotypic genus in the Boletaceae,Borofutus,typified by B.dhakanus,is described using morphological and molecular evidence.This is a putatively ectomycorrhizal fungus associated with Shorea robusta.Borofutus is ...A new monotypic genus in the Boletaceae,Borofutus,typified by B.dhakanus,is described using morphological and molecular evidence.This is a putatively ectomycorrhizal fungus associated with Shorea robusta.Borofutus is characterized by the combination of the following characters:basidiomata small to medium-sized;pileus grayish brown to cocoa brown;hymenophore subdecurrent,cream then golden brown,with broad,nearly hexagonal pores;basidiospores purple to purplish red in H2O,ornamented with irregular to regular shallow pits;cystidia lageniform,thick-walled.Borofutus is sister to Spongiforma in molecular phylogenetic analyses using DNA nucleotide sequences of single or multiple loci.A description,line drawings,phylogenetic placement and comparison with allied taxa are presented herein.展开更多
基金financed by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB31000000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31770030)Yunnan Applied Basic Research Project (2017FB022)
文摘Yunnan is exceedingly rich in higher fungi(Ascomycota and Basidiomycota). Given that the number of fungi(including lichens) occurring in a given area is, as Hawksworth suggested, roughly six times that of local vascular plants, a total of approximately 104,000 fungal species would be expected in Yunnan.However, to date only about 6000 fungal species, including roughly 3000 species of higher fungi, have been reported from the province. Although studies on Yunnan's fungi started in the late nineteenth century, significant progress has been made only in the last forty-five years. Over the first twenty-five years of this period, studies on fungal diversity in this area have largely been about taxonomy based on morphological characters and partially on geographical distribution. Over the past twenty years, the combination of both morphological and molecular phylogenetic approaches has become the preferred method to help understand the diversity and evolution of higher fungi. This review focuses on our current knowledge of how geological, geographical, and ecological factors may have contributed to the diversity patterns of higher fungi in Yunnan. Based on this knowledge, three aspects for future studies are suggested.
基金supported by the Funds for International Cooperation and Exchange of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31210103919)the National Basic Research Program of China(2014CB138305)the CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams.
文摘Mushrooms in the basidiomycete family Boletaceae are ecologically and economically very important.However,due to the morphological complexity and the limited phylogenetic information on the various species and genera of this fungal family,our understanding of its systematics and evolution remains rudimentary.In this study,DNA sequences of four genes(nrLSU,tef1-α,rpb1,and rpb2)were newly obtained from ca.200 representative specimens of Boletaceae.Our phylogenetic analyses revealed seven major clades at the subfamily level,namely Austroboletoideae,Boletoideae,Chalciporoideae,Leccinoideae,Xerocomoideae,Zangioideae,and the Pulveroboletus Group.In addition,59 genus-level clades were identified,of which 22 were uncovered for the first time.These 22 clades were mainly placed in Boletoideae and the Pulveroboletus Group.The results further indicated that the characters frequently used in the morphology-based taxonomy of Boletaceae,such as basidiospore ornamentation,the form of the basidioma,and the stuffed pores each had multiple origins within the family,suggesting that the use of such features for high-level classification of Boletaceae should be de-emphasized and combined with other characters.
基金supported by the Funds for International Cooperation and Exchange of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31210103919)the Fundamental Research Programof theMinistry of Science and Technology,China(2013FY110400)+1 种基金the CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams.RE Halling thanks the National Science Foundation(USA)for funding under grants DEB-9972018,DEB-0414665 and DEB-1020421the National Geographic Society Committee for Research and Exploration in grants 7341-02 and 8457-08.
文摘Based on our previous molecular phylogenetic analyses,four new genera are described,namely Baorangia,Lanmaoa,Parvixerocomus,and Rugiboletus,and one known genus,Neoboletus,is re-delimitated.Four new species and nine new combinations are proposed.Morphological characters of each genus and related eleven species are described and illustrated.Most of species in the genera described from southwestern China are wild edible mushrooms and can be found in free markets.
基金supported by the Funds for International Cooperation and Exchange of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31210103919)the National Basic Research Program of China(2014CB138305)the CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams.
文摘Porcini mushrooms(Boletus sect.Boletus)have both economic and ecological importance.Recent molecular phylogenetic study has uncovered rich species diversity of this group of fungi from China.In this study,the Chinese porcini were characterized by both morphological andmolecular phylogenetic evidence.15 species were recognized,including nine new species,namely B.botryoides,B.fagacicola,B.griseiceps,B.monilifer,B.sinoedulis,B.subviolaceofuscus,B.tylopilopsis,B.umbrinipileus and B.viscidiceps.Three previously described species,viz.B.bainiugan,B.meiweiniuganjun and B.shiyong,were revised,and B.meiweiniuganjun is treated as a synonym of B.bainiugan.A key to the Chinese porcini mushrooms was provided.
基金supported by the Funds for International Cooperation and Exchange of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31210103919)the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2009CB522300)the Hundred Talents Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,and the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2008FY110300)。
文摘A new monotypic genus in the Boletaceae,Borofutus,typified by B.dhakanus,is described using morphological and molecular evidence.This is a putatively ectomycorrhizal fungus associated with Shorea robusta.Borofutus is characterized by the combination of the following characters:basidiomata small to medium-sized;pileus grayish brown to cocoa brown;hymenophore subdecurrent,cream then golden brown,with broad,nearly hexagonal pores;basidiospores purple to purplish red in H2O,ornamented with irregular to regular shallow pits;cystidia lageniform,thick-walled.Borofutus is sister to Spongiforma in molecular phylogenetic analyses using DNA nucleotide sequences of single or multiple loci.A description,line drawings,phylogenetic placement and comparison with allied taxa are presented herein.
