目的探讨科研课题精益管理模式下的成果导向教育(outcome-based education,OBE)对护理科研人才培养的效果。方法选取2019年12月—2021年12月在山东大学第四人民医院工作并参与医院护理科研人才培养计划的48名护士作为研究对象。组建临床...目的探讨科研课题精益管理模式下的成果导向教育(outcome-based education,OBE)对护理科研人才培养的效果。方法选取2019年12月—2021年12月在山东大学第四人民医院工作并参与医院护理科研人才培养计划的48名护士作为研究对象。组建临床护理科研培训项目专业小组,对48名护士进行为期2年的科研课题精益管理模式下的成果导向教育培训。采用护理研究能力自评问卷(Nursing Research Ability of Self‐evaluation Questionnaire,NRASQ)、自制的科研素质问卷调查表和科研成果评估对培训效果进行评价。结果48名护士培训后NRASQ量表6个维度和总分,以及科研素质问卷调查量表总分均明显高于培训前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。培训2年期间撰写论文数量、发表的期刊论文数量、个人获得科研立项和个人专利均要多于培训前2年内。结论采用基于科研课题精益管理模式下的成果导向教育能够有效提高培养护士的科研综合能力,提高科研成果产出。展开更多
Background Glaucoma,an irreversible optic nerve neuropathy,always results in blindness.This study aimed to evaluate glaucoma-like features in the rat episcleral vein cauterization （EVC） model by multiple in vivo and...Background Glaucoma,an irreversible optic nerve neuropathy,always results in blindness.This study aimed to evaluate glaucoma-like features in the rat episcleral vein cauterization （EVC） model by multiple in vivo and in vitro evidences.Methods Wistar rat was used in this study.The elevated intraocular pressure （IOP） was induced by cauterization of three episcleral veins.lOP was monitored with Tono-Pen XL tonometer.Time-dependent changes to the neuronal retinal layers were quantified by Fourier domain-optical coherence tomography.The function of retina was evaluated by electroretinogram （ERG）.Survival of retinal ganglion cells （RGCs） was quantified by retrograde labeling.Histology study was performed with retinal sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin,glial fibrillary acidic protein,and neuronal nuclear antigen.Retina and aqueous humor protein were extracted and cytotoxic protein tumor necrosis factor alpha （TNF-α） and alpha-2 macroglobulin （α2m） were measured with Western blotting.Results EVC is a relatively facile intervention,with low failure rates （＜5％）.After surgical intervention,chronic mild lOP elevation （about 1.6-fold over normal,P ＜0.05） was induced for at least 6 weeks without requiring a second intervention.High lOP causes chronic and progressive loss of RGCs （averaging about 4％ per week）,progressive thinning of neuronal retinal layers （3-5 μm per week）,and reduction of a-and b-wave in ERG.EVC method can also induce glial cell activation and alterations of inflammation proteins,such as TNF-α and α2m.Conclusion EVC method can establish a robust,reliable,economic and highly reproducible glaucomatous animal model.展开更多
文摘目的探讨科研课题精益管理模式下的成果导向教育(outcome-based education,OBE)对护理科研人才培养的效果。方法选取2019年12月—2021年12月在山东大学第四人民医院工作并参与医院护理科研人才培养计划的48名护士作为研究对象。组建临床护理科研培训项目专业小组,对48名护士进行为期2年的科研课题精益管理模式下的成果导向教育培训。采用护理研究能力自评问卷(Nursing Research Ability of Self‐evaluation Questionnaire,NRASQ)、自制的科研素质问卷调查表和科研成果评估对培训效果进行评价。结果48名护士培训后NRASQ量表6个维度和总分,以及科研素质问卷调查量表总分均明显高于培训前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。培训2年期间撰写论文数量、发表的期刊论文数量、个人获得科研立项和个人专利均要多于培训前2年内。结论采用基于科研课题精益管理模式下的成果导向教育能够有效提高培养护士的科研综合能力,提高科研成果产出。
基金This work was supported by grants from Guangdong Province Universities and Colleges Pearl River Scholar Funded Scheme （2010）, Key Project of Guangdong Province Natural Science Foundation （No. 10251008901000028）.
文摘Background Glaucoma,an irreversible optic nerve neuropathy,always results in blindness.This study aimed to evaluate glaucoma-like features in the rat episcleral vein cauterization （EVC） model by multiple in vivo and in vitro evidences.Methods Wistar rat was used in this study.The elevated intraocular pressure （IOP） was induced by cauterization of three episcleral veins.lOP was monitored with Tono-Pen XL tonometer.Time-dependent changes to the neuronal retinal layers were quantified by Fourier domain-optical coherence tomography.The function of retina was evaluated by electroretinogram （ERG）.Survival of retinal ganglion cells （RGCs） was quantified by retrograde labeling.Histology study was performed with retinal sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin,glial fibrillary acidic protein,and neuronal nuclear antigen.Retina and aqueous humor protein were extracted and cytotoxic protein tumor necrosis factor alpha （TNF-α） and alpha-2 macroglobulin （α2m） were measured with Western blotting.Results EVC is a relatively facile intervention,with low failure rates （＜5％）.After surgical intervention,chronic mild lOP elevation （about 1.6-fold over normal,P ＜0.05） was induced for at least 6 weeks without requiring a second intervention.High lOP causes chronic and progressive loss of RGCs （averaging about 4％ per week）,progressive thinning of neuronal retinal layers （3-5 μm per week）,and reduction of a-and b-wave in ERG.EVC method can also induce glial cell activation and alterations of inflammation proteins,such as TNF-α and α2m.Conclusion EVC method can establish a robust,reliable,economic and highly reproducible glaucomatous animal model.
