In recent years,optical modulators,photodetectors,(de)multiplexers,and heterogeneously integrated lasers based on silicon optical platforms have been verified.The performance of some devices even surpasses the traditi...In recent years,optical modulators,photodetectors,(de)multiplexers,and heterogeneously integrated lasers based on silicon optical platforms have been verified.The performance of some devices even surpasses the traditional III-V and photonic integrated circuit(PIC)platforms,laying the foundation for large-scale photonic integration.Silicon photonic technology can overcome the limitations of traditional transceiver technology in high-speed transmission networks to support faster interconnection between data centers.In this article,we will review recent progress for silicon PICs.The first part gives an overview of recent achievements in silicon PICs.The second part introduces the silicon photonic building blocks,including low-loss waveguides,passive devices,modulators,photodetectors,heterogeneously integrated lasers,and so on.In the third part,the recent progress on high-capacity silicon photonic transceivers is discussed.In the fourth part,we give a review of high-capacity silicon photonic networks on chip.展开更多
Fast electro-optic modulators with an ultracompact footprint and low power consumption are always highly desired for optical interconnects.Here we propose and demonstrate a high-performance lithium niobate electro-opt...Fast electro-optic modulators with an ultracompact footprint and low power consumption are always highly desired for optical interconnects.Here we propose and demonstrate a high-performance lithium niobate electro-optic modulator based on a new 2×2 Fabry–Perot cavity.In this structure,the input and reflected beams are separated by introducing asymmetric multimode-waveguide gratings,enabling TE_(0)−TE_(1)mode conversion.The measured results indicate that the fabricated modulator features a low excess loss of∼0.9dB,a high extinction ratio of∼21dB,a compact footprint of∼2120μm^(2),and high modulation speeds of 40 Gbps OOK and 80 Gbps PAM4 signals.The demonstrated modulator is promising for high-speed data transmission and signal processing.展开更多
Recently,high-performance thin-film lithium niobate optical modulators have emerged that,together with advanced multiplexing technologies,are highly expected to satisfy the ever-growing demand for high-capacity optica...Recently,high-performance thin-film lithium niobate optical modulators have emerged that,together with advanced multiplexing technologies,are highly expected to satisfy the ever-growing demand for high-capacity optical interconnects utilizing multiple channels.Accordingly,in this study,a compact lithium-niobate-on-insulator(LNOI)photonic chip was adopted to establish four-channel wavelength-division-multiplexing(WDM)transmitters,comprising four optical modulators based on ultracompact 2×2 Fabry-Perot cavities and a four-channel WDM filter based on multimode waveguide gratings.The fabricated chip with four wavelength channels has a total footprint as compact as 0.3×2.8 mm^(2),and exhibits an excess loss of~0.8 dB as well as low inter-channel crosstalk of<–22 dB.Using this LNOI photonic chip,high-capacity data transmissions of 320 Gbps(4×80 Gbps)on-off-keying signals and 400 Gbps(4×100 Gbps)four-level pulse amplitude signals were successfully realized with the ultra-low power consumption of 11.9 fJ/bit.展开更多
Modern optical communications rely heavily on dense wavelength-division multiplexing(DWDM)technology because of its capability of significantly increasing transmission channels.Here,we demonstrate,for the first time t...Modern optical communications rely heavily on dense wavelength-division multiplexing(DWDM)technology because of its capability of significantly increasing transmission channels.Here,we demonstrate,for the first time to the best of our knowledge,a compact photonic chip for DWDM transmitters on lithiumniobate-on-insulator(LNOI)by introducing the array of 2×2 Fabry–Perot(FP)cavity electro-optic(EO)modulators.A four-channel LNOI photonic chip for DWDM is designed and realized with a channel spacing of 1.6 nm(which is the narrowest one reported until now for LNOI optical transmitters),exhibiting a total excess loss of 1.3 dB and high 3-dB EO bandwidths of>67 GHz for all channels.Specifically,these four 2×2 FP cavities are designed with broadened LNOI photonic waveguides in the cavity sections,and they are placed very closely on the chip so that their resonance wavelengths are aligned precisely with the desired channelspacing of∼1.6 nm.Finally,the generation of 4×80-Gbps on–off keying and 4×100-Gbps PAM4 signals is demonstrated successfully with four channels,and the power consumption is as low as∼5.1 fJ∕bit.The present photonic chip has a compact footprint of about 0.78 mm×0.58 mm,showing great potential to work with more than four channels and to be very useful for future large-capacity optical links.展开更多
An on-chip optical phased array (OPA) is considered as a promising solution for next generation solid-state beam steering.However,most of the reported OPAs suffer from low operating bandwidths,making them limited in m...An on-chip optical phased array (OPA) is considered as a promising solution for next generation solid-state beam steering.However,most of the reported OPAs suffer from low operating bandwidths,making them limited in many applications.We propose and demonstrate a high-speed 2D scanning OPA based on thin-film lithium niobate phase modulators with traveling-wave electrodes.The measured modulation bandwidth is up to 2.5 GHz.Moreover,an aperiodic array combined with a slab grating antenna is also used to suppress the grating lobes of far-field beams,which enables a large field of view (FOV) as well as small beam width.A 16-channel OPA demonstrates an FOV of 50°×8.6°and a beam width of 0.73°×2.8°in the phase tuning direction and the wavelength scanning direction,respectively.展开更多
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFB2203603)“Pioneer”and“Leading Goose”R&D Program of Zhejiang(2022C01103)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(61922070,6213000026)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘In recent years,optical modulators,photodetectors,(de)multiplexers,and heterogeneously integrated lasers based on silicon optical platforms have been verified.The performance of some devices even surpasses the traditional III-V and photonic integrated circuit(PIC)platforms,laying the foundation for large-scale photonic integration.Silicon photonic technology can overcome the limitations of traditional transceiver technology in high-speed transmission networks to support faster interconnection between data centers.In this article,we will review recent progress for silicon PICs.The first part gives an overview of recent achievements in silicon PICs.The second part introduces the silicon photonic building blocks,including low-loss waveguides,passive devices,modulators,photodetectors,heterogeneously integrated lasers,and so on.In the third part,the recent progress on high-capacity silicon photonic transceivers is discussed.In the fourth part,we give a review of high-capacity silicon photonic networks on chip.
基金Zhejiang Provincial Major Research and Development Program(2021CO1199)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LD19F050001,LZ18F050001)+3 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(61961146003,62105283,62135012,91950205,92150302)National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(61725503)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFB2200200,2018YFB2200201)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Fast electro-optic modulators with an ultracompact footprint and low power consumption are always highly desired for optical interconnects.Here we propose and demonstrate a high-performance lithium niobate electro-optic modulator based on a new 2×2 Fabry–Perot cavity.In this structure,the input and reflected beams are separated by introducing asymmetric multimode-waveguide gratings,enabling TE_(0)−TE_(1)mode conversion.The measured results indicate that the fabricated modulator features a low excess loss of∼0.9dB,a high extinction ratio of∼21dB,a compact footprint of∼2120μm^(2),and high modulation speeds of 40 Gbps OOK and 80 Gbps PAM4 signals.The demonstrated modulator is promising for high-speed data transmission and signal processing.
基金the National Major Research and Development Program(No.2018YFB2200200/2018YFB2200201)National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(61725503)+4 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(91950205,61961146003,92150302,62105283,62205286)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(LD19F050001)Zhejiang Provincial Major Research and Development Program(No.2021C01199)Leading Innovative and Entrepreneur Team Introduction Program of Zhejiang(2021R01001)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.The authors thank the Westlake Center for Micro/Nano Fabrication for the partial facility support。
文摘Recently,high-performance thin-film lithium niobate optical modulators have emerged that,together with advanced multiplexing technologies,are highly expected to satisfy the ever-growing demand for high-capacity optical interconnects utilizing multiple channels.Accordingly,in this study,a compact lithium-niobate-on-insulator(LNOI)photonic chip was adopted to establish four-channel wavelength-division-multiplexing(WDM)transmitters,comprising four optical modulators based on ultracompact 2×2 Fabry-Perot cavities and a four-channel WDM filter based on multimode waveguide gratings.The fabricated chip with four wavelength channels has a total footprint as compact as 0.3×2.8 mm^(2),and exhibits an excess loss of~0.8 dB as well as low inter-channel crosstalk of<–22 dB.Using this LNOI photonic chip,high-capacity data transmissions of 320 Gbps(4×80 Gbps)on-off-keying signals and 400 Gbps(4×100 Gbps)four-level pulse amplitude signals were successfully realized with the ultra-low power consumption of 11.9 fJ/bit.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2018YFB2200200 and 2018YFB2200201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Grant Nos.92150302,62135012,U23B2047,and 62321166651)+2 种基金the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.LDT23F04012F05)the Zhejiang Provincial Key Research and Development Program(Grant No.2021C01199)the Leading Innovative and Entrepreneur Team Introduction Program of Zhejiang(Grant No.2021R01001).
文摘Modern optical communications rely heavily on dense wavelength-division multiplexing(DWDM)technology because of its capability of significantly increasing transmission channels.Here,we demonstrate,for the first time to the best of our knowledge,a compact photonic chip for DWDM transmitters on lithiumniobate-on-insulator(LNOI)by introducing the array of 2×2 Fabry–Perot(FP)cavity electro-optic(EO)modulators.A four-channel LNOI photonic chip for DWDM is designed and realized with a channel spacing of 1.6 nm(which is the narrowest one reported until now for LNOI optical transmitters),exhibiting a total excess loss of 1.3 dB and high 3-dB EO bandwidths of>67 GHz for all channels.Specifically,these four 2×2 FP cavities are designed with broadened LNOI photonic waveguides in the cavity sections,and they are placed very closely on the chip so that their resonance wavelengths are aligned precisely with the desired channelspacing of∼1.6 nm.Finally,the generation of 4×80-Gbps on–off keying and 4×100-Gbps PAM4 signals is demonstrated successfully with four channels,and the power consumption is as low as∼5.1 fJ∕bit.The present photonic chip has a compact footprint of about 0.78 mm×0.58 mm,showing great potential to work with more than four channels and to be very useful for future large-capacity optical links.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFB2801703)National Natural Science Foundation of China (62105286,62135011)+2 种基金“Pioneer” and “Leading Goose” RD Program of Zhejiang(2022C01103)Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo Municipality (2023J282)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘An on-chip optical phased array (OPA) is considered as a promising solution for next generation solid-state beam steering.However,most of the reported OPAs suffer from low operating bandwidths,making them limited in many applications.We propose and demonstrate a high-speed 2D scanning OPA based on thin-film lithium niobate phase modulators with traveling-wave electrodes.The measured modulation bandwidth is up to 2.5 GHz.Moreover,an aperiodic array combined with a slab grating antenna is also used to suppress the grating lobes of far-field beams,which enables a large field of view (FOV) as well as small beam width.A 16-channel OPA demonstrates an FOV of 50°×8.6°and a beam width of 0.73°×2.8°in the phase tuning direction and the wavelength scanning direction,respectively.
