Excessive levels of Fluoride(F−)and Cadmium(Cd)in drinking groundwater may pose health risks.This study assessed the health risks associated with F−and Cd contamination in rural drinking groundwater sources in Wutai C...Excessive levels of Fluoride(F−)and Cadmium(Cd)in drinking groundwater may pose health risks.This study assessed the health risks associated with F−and Cd contamination in rural drinking groundwater sources in Wutai County,Shanxi Province,China,to support population health protection,water resource management,and environmental decision-making.Groundwater samples were collected and analyzed,and a Human Health Risk Model(HHRA)was applied to evaluate groundwater quality.The results showed that both contents of F−and Cd in groundwater exceeded the Class III limits of China's national groundwater quality standard(GB/T 14848—2024).Fluoride levels met the Class V threshold,with enrichment area mainly located in the east part of the study area.Cadmium levels reached Class IV,with elevated concentrations primarily observed in the western and northwestern regions.Correlation analysis revealed that F−showed weak or no correlation with other measured substances,indicating independent sources.Health risk assessment results indicated that F−poses potential health risks to rural residents,while cadmium,due to its relatively low concentrations,does not currently present a significant health risk.Among different demographic groups,the health risk levels of F−exposure followed the order:Infants>children>adult females>adult males.The findings highlight that fluoride is the primary contributor to health risks associated with groundwater consumption in the study area.Strengthened monitoring and prevention of F−contamination are urgently needed.This research provides a scientific basis for the prevention and control of fluoride pollution in groundwater and offers practical guidance for safeguarding drinking water safety in rural China.展开更多
<div style="text-align:justify;"> The morbidity and mortality of the fetus is related closely with the neonatal respiratory morbidity, which was caused by the immaturity of the fetal lung primarily. Th...<div style="text-align:justify;"> The morbidity and mortality of the fetus is related closely with the neonatal respiratory morbidity, which was caused by the immaturity of the fetal lung primarily. The amniocentesis has been used in clinics to evaluate the maturity of the fetal lung, which is invasive, expensive and time-consuming. Ultrasonography has been developed to examine the fetal lung quantitatively in the past decades as a non-invasive method. However, the contour of the fetal lung required by existing studies was delineated in manual. An automated segmentation approach could not only improve the objectiveness of those studies, but also offer a quantitative way to monitor the development of the fetal lung in terms of morphological parameters based on the segmentation. In view of this, we proposed a deep learning model for automated fetal lung segmentation and measurement. The model was constructed based on the U-Net. It was trained by 3500 data sets augmented from 250 ultrasound images with both the fetal lung and heart manually delineated, and then tested on 50 ultrasound data sets. With the proposed method, the fetal lung and cardiac area were automatically segmented with the accuracy, average IoU, sensitivity and precision being 0.98, 0.79, 0.881 and 0.886, respectively. </div>展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to study the immobilization of laccase from Canoderma lucidum in three different sol-gel systems to find out the optimum ma- terials for laccase immobilization. [ Method ] Laccase from G. lucid...[Objective] The aim was to study the immobilization of laccase from Canoderma lucidum in three different sol-gel systems to find out the optimum ma- terials for laccase immobilization. [ Method ] Laccase from G. lucidum LYL 263 was immobilized in sodium alginate-gelatin, sodium alginate-chitosan and sodium alginate-gelatin-chitosan sol-gel systems, respectively; and the laccase activity was preliminarily analyzed. [ Result] The activity of laccase immobilized in sodium alginate-gelatin-chitosan was 2.14 folds and 2.75 folds respectively, compared to sodium alginate-gelatin and sodium alginate-chitosan; and this optimum system contained sodium alginate 2.0% , gelatin 1.0%, chitosan 0.3% and calcium chloride 56%. Benzoic acid was firstly used to embed immobilized laccase in this study, and single-factor experiments revealed that the activity of laccase could be effectively improved by suitable content of benzoic acid. The optimal conditions for laccase immobilization in the system were be^oie acid 2 retool/L, glutaraldehyde 0.32%, cross-linking reaction time 50 rain and enzyme concentration 10.0% ; and then the activity of the immobilized enzyme reached 635.7 U/g with these conditions. The thermal stability of the immobilized laccase was higher than free lac- case, and the activity of immobilized enzyme treated by freeze-drying was 1.59 folds compared to the non-freeze-dried, but the freeze-dried immobilized laccase had poor operational stability. [ Conclusion] The compositions of the material had significant influence on laccase immobilization and this study will provide reference to select materials for immobilization of laccase from G. lacidum LYL 263.展开更多
Extreme heat over the North China Plain is typically induced by anomalous descending flows associated with anticyclonic circulation anomalies. However, an extreme heat event that happened in the North China Plain regi...Extreme heat over the North China Plain is typically induced by anomalous descending flows associated with anticyclonic circulation anomalies. However, an extreme heat event that happened in the North China Plain region on 12–13 July 2015,with maximum temperature higher than 40℃ at some stations, was characterized by only a weak simultaneous appearance of an anomalous anticyclone and descending flow, suggesting that some other factor(s) may have induced this heat event. In this study, we used the forecast data produced by the Beijing Rapid Updated Cycling operational forecast system, which predicted the heat event well, to investigate the formation mechanism of this extreme heat event. We calculated the cumulative heat in the mixed-layer air column of North China to represent the change in surface air temperature. The cumulative heat was composed of sensible heat flux from the ground surface and the horizontal heat flux convergence. The results indicated that the horizontal heat flux in the mixed layer played a crucial role in the temporal and spatial distribution of high temperatures.The horizontal heat flux was found to be induced by distinct distributions of air temperatures and horizontal winds at low levels during the two days, implying a complexity of the low-level atmosphere in causing the extreme heat.展开更多
Water-soluble pillar[5]arenes are a class of typical macrocycles and have aroused tremendous attention for its easy to modify, abundant host-vip properties and extensive applications. However, up to now, all the rep...Water-soluble pillar[5]arenes are a class of typical macrocycles and have aroused tremendous attention for its easy to modify, abundant host-vip properties and extensive applications. However, up to now, all the reported water-soluble pillar[5]arenes acted as the host molecules, whereas they failed to be postsynthetically modified, which seriously impeded the development of the pillar[5]arene-based supramolecular chemistry. In this work, a new water-soluble pillar[5]arene, pillar[4]arene[1]quinone, was designed and synthsized with eight quaternary ammonium groups as well as a quinone units. Such a new water-soluble pillar[4]arene[1]quinone was capable of forming 1:1 stable complex with sodium 1-octanesulfonate in aqueous solution. Since the 1,4-quinone unit of WP[4]Q[1] could react with ethylenediamine (EDA) to form a conjugated quinoxaline structure, so pillar[4]arene[1]quinone could apply to the facile fluorescence turn-on sensing of EDA in aqueous solution, organic solvent and air.展开更多
Decision-making of connected and automated vehicles(CAV)includes a sequence of driving maneuvers that improve safety and efficiency,characterized by complex scenarios,strong uncertainty,and high real-time requirements...Decision-making of connected and automated vehicles(CAV)includes a sequence of driving maneuvers that improve safety and efficiency,characterized by complex scenarios,strong uncertainty,and high real-time requirements.Deep reinforcement learning(DRL)exhibits excellent capability of real-time decision-making and adaptability to complex scenarios,and generalization abilities.However,it is arduous to guarantee complete driving safety and efficiency under the constraints of training samples and costs.This paper proposes a Mixture of Expert method(MoE)based on Soft Actor-Critic(SAC),where the upper-level discriminator dynamically decides whether to activate the lower-level DRL expert or the heuristic expert based on the features of the input state.To further enhance the performance of the DRL expert,a buffer zone is introduced in the reward function,preemptively applying penalties before insecure situations occur.In order to minimize collision and off-road rates,the Intelligent Driver Model(IDM)and Minimizing Overall Braking Induced by Lane changes(MOBIL)strategy are designed by heuristic experts.Finally,tested in typical simulation scenarios,MOE shows a 13.75%improvement in driving efficiency compared with the traditional DRL method with continuous action space.It ensures high safety with zero collision and zero off-road rates while maintaining high adaptability.展开更多
Correcting the forecast bias of numerical weather prediction models is important for severe weather warnings.The refined grid forecast requires direct correction on gridded forecast products,as opposed to correcting f...Correcting the forecast bias of numerical weather prediction models is important for severe weather warnings.The refined grid forecast requires direct correction on gridded forecast products,as opposed to correcting forecast data only at individual weather stations.In this study,a deep learning method called CU-net is proposed to correct the gridded forecasts of four weather variables from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast Integrated Forecasting System global model(ECMWF-IFS): 2-m temperature,2-m relative humidity,10-m wind speed,and 10-m wind direction,with a forecast lead time of 24 h to 240 h in North China.First,the forecast correction problem is transformed into an image-toimage translation problem in deep learning under the CU-net architecture,which is based on convolutional neural networks.Second,the ECMWF-IFS forecasts and ECMWF reanalysis data(ERA5) from 2005 to 2018 are used as training,validation,and testing datasets.The predictors and labels(ground truth) of the model are created using the ECMWF-IFS and ERA5,respectively.Finally,the correction performance of CU-net is compared with a conventional method,anomaly numerical correction with observations(ANO).Results show that forecasts from CU-net have lower root mean square error,bias,mean absolute error,and higher correlation coefficient than those from ANO for all forecast lead times from 24 h to 240 h.CU-net improves upon the ECMWF-IFS forecast for all four weather variables in terms of the above evaluation metrics,whereas ANO improves upon ECMWF-IFS performance only for 2-m temperature and relative humidity.For the correction of the 10-m wind direction forecast,which is often difficult to achieve,CU-net also improves the correction performance.展开更多
Center segregation and banded intergranular segregation(B-IGS)should be well controlled to improve the mechanical properties of twin-roll cast(TRC)aluminum alloys,especially for alloys with high solid-ification interv...Center segregation and banded intergranular segregation(B-IGS)should be well controlled to improve the mechanical properties of twin-roll cast(TRC)aluminum alloys,especially for alloys with high solid-ification intervals.In the present work,a synergistic grain refinement strategy was designed using an Al-5Ti-B grain refiner and Ti,Zr,and Sc microalloying elements to simultaneously control center seg-regation and B-IGS in TRC Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys.As the grain size decreased,center segregation defects were eliminated and transformed into dispersed B-IGS defects;simultaneously,the width and length of the B-IGS were also reduced.Moreover,the macro-distributions of the alloying elements along the thickness direction became more homogeneous due to a weak shear-induced dilation effect.The well-controlled multiscale segregation improved the uniformity of the alloy macrostructure,accelerated the redissolution of the crystalline phase,dispersed the aggregated residual phase,and refined grains under the T6 state.Hence,the strength and ductility of the alloys under the T6 state were simultaneously improved,and the hardness distribution along the thickness direction became more homogenous.Furthermore,the underlying mechanisms of segregation evolution and strength and ductility enhancements were elucidated.This work provides a novel strategy to effectively control multiscale segregation and produce high-performance aluminum alloys with high solidification intervals by TRC.展开更多
Pillar[n]arenes primarily comprise pillar[5]arenes and pillar[6]arenes, which belong to the new class of supramolecular macrocyclic hosts. Pillar[n]arenes have aroused wide attention because of their highly rigid and ...Pillar[n]arenes primarily comprise pillar[5]arenes and pillar[6]arenes, which belong to the new class of supramolecular macrocyclic hosts. Pillar[n]arenes have aroused wide attention because of their highly rigid and symmetrical architectures, controllable cavity size, and wide applications in a wide variety of areas. Although pillar[6]arene is difficult to synthesize, numerous studies have been conducted on it. In this review, the strategies to synthesize and functionalize pillar[6]arenes are investigated systematically.In addition, their host-vip properties in organic solvents and in aqueous solution are described. Moreover, pillar[6]arenes applied in different fields(e.g., molecular recognition, drug release, cancer therapy,and gas separation) are clarified. Hopefully, this study is capable of arousing more attention from increasing scientists to study large-cavity pillar[n]arenes.展开更多
Angiopoietin-like protein 2(ANGPTL2)stimulates inflammation and is important in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease(DKD).Irbesartan is helpful in reducing diabetes-induced renal damage.In this study,the effect...Angiopoietin-like protein 2(ANGPTL2)stimulates inflammation and is important in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease(DKD).Irbesartan is helpful in reducing diabetes-induced renal damage.In this study,the effects of irbesartan on DKD and its renal protective role involving ANGPTL2 in DKD rats were examined.Wistar rats were divided into normal,DKD,and DKD+irbesartan groups.The DKD+irbesartan group was treated once daily for 8 weeks with 50 mg/kg irbesartan via intragastric gavage.The 24-h urinary albumin was determined each week,renal pathological changes were observed,and expression of ANGPTL2 and nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB)in rat renal tissue was assessed by immunohistochemistry.Mouse podocytes cultured in a high concentration of glucose were classified into four groups based on the irbesartan concentrations(0,25,50,and 75ºg/mL).Expression of ANGPTL2 and phosphorylated IκB-αwas assessed by Western blotting.The mRNA levels of ANGPTL2 and monocyte chemotactic protein 1(MCP-1)were assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction.The DKD rats displayed proteinuria,podocyte injury,and increased ANGPTL2 and NF-κB expression.All were relieved by irbesartan treatment.In podocytes cultured in elevated glucose,ANGPTL2 and phosphorylated IκB-αwere overexpressed at the protein level,and ANGPTL2 and MCP-1 were highly expressed at the mRNA level.Irbesartan down-regulated ANGPTL2 and phosphorylated IκB-αexpression at the protein level and inhibited ANGPTL2 and MCP-1 expression at the mRNA level.The ameliorative effects of irbesartan against DKD involves podocyte protection and suppression of ANGPTL2.展开更多
BACKGROUND Bladder cancer is a type of cancer with a high incidence in men.Plasma electrosurgery(PES)is often used in the treatment of bladder cancer.Postoperative complications often cause depression and anxiety in p...BACKGROUND Bladder cancer is a type of cancer with a high incidence in men.Plasma electrosurgery(PES)is often used in the treatment of bladder cancer.Postoperative complications often cause depression and anxiety in patients after surgery.AIM To investigate the current state of depression and anxiety after PES in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer and analyze the factors affecting them.METHODS A retrospective study was conducted to compare the baseline data of patients by collecting their medical history and grouping them according to their mental status into negative and normal groups.Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the risk factors affecting the occurrence of anxiety and depression after surgery in patients with bladder cancer.RESULTS Comparative analyses of baseline differences showed that the patients in the negative and normal groups differed in terms of their first surgery,economic status,educational level,and marital status.A logistic regression analysis showed that it affected the occurrence of anxiety in patients with bladder cancer,and the results showed that whether the risk factors were whether or not it was the first surgery,monthly income between 3000 and 3000-6000,secondary or junior high school education level,single,divorced,and widowed statuses.CONCLUSION The risk factors affecting the onset of anxiety and depression in bladder cancer patients after PES are the number of surgeries,economic status,level of education,and marital status.This study provides a reference for the clinical treatment and prognosis of bladder cancer patients in the future.展开更多
BACKGROUND Two or multiple primary malignant neoplasms(MPMNs)rarely occur in the same patient.It has been reported that MPMNs are easily misdiagnosed as the recurrence or metastasis of malignancies in clinical practic...BACKGROUND Two or multiple primary malignant neoplasms(MPMNs)rarely occur in the same patient.It has been reported that MPMNs are easily misdiagnosed as the recurrence or metastasis of malignancies in clinical practice,affecting the choice of treatment for the patients,thereby resulting in the delay of optimal diagnosis.Next generation sequencing(NGS)can be used to distinguish between multiple primary lung cancers and intrapulmonary metastasis,and may distinguish the origin of tumours in different sites of the body.CASE SUMMARY We report the case of 66-year-old woman who suffered from different malignant neoplasms in the rectum and esophageal and gastrointestinal tract.The first neoplasm rectal adenocarcinoma was diagnosed and removed in 2016.The second and third lesions were diagnosed with esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma(ESCC)and gastrointestinal stromal tumour(GIST),respectively,in 2019.Nextgeneration whole exome sequencing was performed on the tissue specimens of rectal carcinoma,esophageal cancer,GIST,and white blood cells to investigate the relationship between malignancies at different timeframe and determine whether the ESCC and GIST evolved from the rectal adenocarcinoma.Mutations including v-Ki-ras2-Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog,adenomatosis polyposis coli,and mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 were detected in rectal adenocarcinoma sample,mast/stem cell growth factor receptor was detected in GIST tissue,and lysine methyltransferase 2D was detected in ESCC specimen.Overall,ESCC and GIST were not genetically evolved from rectal adenocarcinoma,and this patient did not have a trunk driven clone.CONCLUSION NGS is an effective tool to study clonal evolution of tumours and distinguish between MPMNs and intrapulmonary metastasis.展开更多
Dear Editor,In 2021,the Delta variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)caused the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic to spread in the UK,Nepal,southeast Asia and elsewhere,which se...Dear Editor,In 2021,the Delta variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)caused the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic to spread in the UK,Nepal,southeast Asia and elsewhere,which seems to be approximately 60%more transmissible than the already highly infectious Alpha variant in late 2020(Callaway,2021).In addition to the high efficiency of the invading infection and the acquired immune escape ability,changes in the aerodynamic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 aerosols may be another important reason for the Delta variant spread.Previously,it was identified that SARS-CoV-2 can spread through close contact and airborne routes(Guo et al.,2020;Morawska and Milton,2020).展开更多
With a series of 1.0 wt%Bi_(2)O_(3)-x wt%CuO(x=0.0,0.2,0.4,0.6,and 0.8)serving as sintering additives,Ni_(0.23)Cu_(0.32)Zn_(0.45)Ee_(2)O_(4)ferrites are successfully synthesized at a low temperature(900℃)by using the...With a series of 1.0 wt%Bi_(2)O_(3)-x wt%CuO(x=0.0,0.2,0.4,0.6,and 0.8)serving as sintering additives,Ni_(0.23)Cu_(0.32)Zn_(0.45)Ee_(2)O_(4)ferrites are successfully synthesized at a low temperature(900℃)by using the solid state reaction method.The effects of the additives on the phase formation,magnetic and dielectric properties as well as the structural and gyromagnetic properties are investigated.The x-ray diffraction(XRD)results indicate that the added Bi_(2)O_(3)-CuO can lower the synthesis temperature significantly without the appearing of the second phase.The scanning electron microscope(SEM)images confirm that Bi_(2)O_(3)is an important factor that determines the sintering behaviors,while CuO affects the grain size and densification.With CuO content x=0.4 or 0.6,the sample shows high saturation magnetization,low coercivity,high real part of magnetic permeability,dielectric permittivity,and small ferromagnetic resonance linewidth(ΔH).The NiCuZn ferrites are a promising new generation of high-performance microwave devices,such as phase shifters and isolators.展开更多
Magneto-dielectric properties of Co_(2)Z ferrite materials are tuned via Gd doping for applications in high-frequency antennas and filters in the present work.Ba_(3)Co_(2)Fe_(24-x)Gd_(x)O_(41)(x=0.00,0.05,0.10,0.15,an...Magneto-dielectric properties of Co_(2)Z ferrite materials are tuned via Gd doping for applications in high-frequency antennas and filters in the present work.Ba_(3)Co_(2)Fe_(24-x)Gd_(x)O_(41)(x=0.00,0.05,0.10,0.15,and 0.20)materials are successfully prepared by using solid-state method at 925℃for 4 h with 2.5-wt%Bi_(2)O_(3)sintering aids.The content of Gd^(3+)ion can affect micromorphology,grain size,bulk density,and magneto-dielectric properties of the ferrite.With Gd^(3+)ion content increasing,saturation magnetization(Ms)first increases and then decreases.The maximum value of Ms is 44.86 emu/g at x=0.15.Additionally,sites occupied by Gd^(3+)ions can change magnetic anisotropy constant of the ferrite.Magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant(K_1)is derived from initial magnetization curve,and found to be related to spin-orbit coupling and intersublattice interactions between metal ions.The real part of magnetic permeability(μ′)and real part of dielectric permittivity(ε′)are measured in a frequency range of 10 MHz-1 GHz.When x=0.15,material has excellent magneto-dielectric properties(μ′≈12.2 andε′≈17.61),low magnetic loss(tanδμ≈0.03 at 500 MHz),and dielectric loss(tanδε≈0.04 at 500 MHz).The results show that Gd-doped Co_(2)Z ferrite has broad application prospects in multilayer filters and high-frequency antennas.展开更多
Recently,abnormal expression of KIAA1199 has been detected in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer(EOC).However,the underlined anti-ovarian cancer mechanism of KIAA1199 remains to be enlightened.In our study,we performed to eluc...Recently,abnormal expression of KIAA1199 has been detected in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer(EOC).However,the underlined anti-ovarian cancer mechanism of KIAA1199 remains to be enlightened.In our study,we performed to elucidate the effects of KIAA1199 on the advanced biological behavior of EOC cells through activation of the IL-6/STAT3 pathway.Confirmed by immunohistochemistry,KIAA1199 was highly expressed in ovarian borderline and malignant epithelial tumors.A retrospective analysis found that EOC patients with low expression of KIAA1199 had a significantly higher 5-year survival rate than those with high expression.Mechanistically,IL-6 was used to stimulate EOC cells,and the expression of KIAA1199,STAT3 and p-STAT3 increased after IL-6 stimulation.These results could show that KIAA1199 is transcriptionally activated by IL6/STAT3 pathway,thereby accelerating the deterioration of EOC.KIAA1199 could also be used as a poor prognosis factor and potential target in treatment.展开更多
基金supported by the Northeast Geological Science and Technology Innovation Center of China Geological Survey(Grant NO.QCJJ2022-43)the Natural Resources Comprehensive Survey Project(Grant Nos.DD20230470,DD20230508)the National Groundwater Monitoring Network Operation and Maintenance Program(Grant No.DD20251300109).
文摘Excessive levels of Fluoride(F−)and Cadmium(Cd)in drinking groundwater may pose health risks.This study assessed the health risks associated with F−and Cd contamination in rural drinking groundwater sources in Wutai County,Shanxi Province,China,to support population health protection,water resource management,and environmental decision-making.Groundwater samples were collected and analyzed,and a Human Health Risk Model(HHRA)was applied to evaluate groundwater quality.The results showed that both contents of F−and Cd in groundwater exceeded the Class III limits of China's national groundwater quality standard(GB/T 14848—2024).Fluoride levels met the Class V threshold,with enrichment area mainly located in the east part of the study area.Cadmium levels reached Class IV,with elevated concentrations primarily observed in the western and northwestern regions.Correlation analysis revealed that F−showed weak or no correlation with other measured substances,indicating independent sources.Health risk assessment results indicated that F−poses potential health risks to rural residents,while cadmium,due to its relatively low concentrations,does not currently present a significant health risk.Among different demographic groups,the health risk levels of F−exposure followed the order:Infants>children>adult females>adult males.The findings highlight that fluoride is the primary contributor to health risks associated with groundwater consumption in the study area.Strengthened monitoring and prevention of F−contamination are urgently needed.This research provides a scientific basis for the prevention and control of fluoride pollution in groundwater and offers practical guidance for safeguarding drinking water safety in rural China.
文摘<div style="text-align:justify;"> The morbidity and mortality of the fetus is related closely with the neonatal respiratory morbidity, which was caused by the immaturity of the fetal lung primarily. The amniocentesis has been used in clinics to evaluate the maturity of the fetal lung, which is invasive, expensive and time-consuming. Ultrasonography has been developed to examine the fetal lung quantitatively in the past decades as a non-invasive method. However, the contour of the fetal lung required by existing studies was delineated in manual. An automated segmentation approach could not only improve the objectiveness of those studies, but also offer a quantitative way to monitor the development of the fetal lung in terms of morphological parameters based on the segmentation. In view of this, we proposed a deep learning model for automated fetal lung segmentation and measurement. The model was constructed based on the U-Net. It was trained by 3500 data sets augmented from 250 ultrasound images with both the fetal lung and heart manually delineated, and then tested on 50 ultrasound data sets. With the proposed method, the fetal lung and cardiac area were automatically segmented with the accuracy, average IoU, sensitivity and precision being 0.98, 0.79, 0.881 and 0.886, respectively. </div>
基金Supported by Guangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation ( 2011GXNSFA018080)General Science Research Program of Educational Commission of Guangxi Province of China [( 2009) No. 25]Phase Ⅱ of the Program for the Construction of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering and Protection and Assessment
文摘[Objective] The aim was to study the immobilization of laccase from Canoderma lucidum in three different sol-gel systems to find out the optimum ma- terials for laccase immobilization. [ Method ] Laccase from G. lucidum LYL 263 was immobilized in sodium alginate-gelatin, sodium alginate-chitosan and sodium alginate-gelatin-chitosan sol-gel systems, respectively; and the laccase activity was preliminarily analyzed. [ Result] The activity of laccase immobilized in sodium alginate-gelatin-chitosan was 2.14 folds and 2.75 folds respectively, compared to sodium alginate-gelatin and sodium alginate-chitosan; and this optimum system contained sodium alginate 2.0% , gelatin 1.0%, chitosan 0.3% and calcium chloride 56%. Benzoic acid was firstly used to embed immobilized laccase in this study, and single-factor experiments revealed that the activity of laccase could be effectively improved by suitable content of benzoic acid. The optimal conditions for laccase immobilization in the system were be^oie acid 2 retool/L, glutaraldehyde 0.32%, cross-linking reaction time 50 rain and enzyme concentration 10.0% ; and then the activity of the immobilized enzyme reached 635.7 U/g with these conditions. The thermal stability of the immobilized laccase was higher than free lac- case, and the activity of immobilized enzyme treated by freeze-drying was 1.59 folds compared to the non-freeze-dried, but the freeze-dried immobilized laccase had poor operational stability. [ Conclusion] The compositions of the material had significant influence on laccase immobilization and this study will provide reference to select materials for immobilization of laccase from G. lacidum LYL 263.
基金sponsored by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant No.2015DFA20870)
文摘Extreme heat over the North China Plain is typically induced by anomalous descending flows associated with anticyclonic circulation anomalies. However, an extreme heat event that happened in the North China Plain region on 12–13 July 2015,with maximum temperature higher than 40℃ at some stations, was characterized by only a weak simultaneous appearance of an anomalous anticyclone and descending flow, suggesting that some other factor(s) may have induced this heat event. In this study, we used the forecast data produced by the Beijing Rapid Updated Cycling operational forecast system, which predicted the heat event well, to investigate the formation mechanism of this extreme heat event. We calculated the cumulative heat in the mixed-layer air column of North China to represent the change in surface air temperature. The cumulative heat was composed of sensible heat flux from the ground surface and the horizontal heat flux convergence. The results indicated that the horizontal heat flux in the mixed layer played a crucial role in the temporal and spatial distribution of high temperatures.The horizontal heat flux was found to be induced by distinct distributions of air temperatures and horizontal winds at low levels during the two days, implying a complexity of the low-level atmosphere in causing the extreme heat.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21801139)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Nos. BK20180942, BK20190917)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of the Higher Education Institutions of Jiangsu Province (No. 19KJB150015)the Six Talent Peak Projects in Jiangsu Province (No. XCL-085)。
文摘Water-soluble pillar[5]arenes are a class of typical macrocycles and have aroused tremendous attention for its easy to modify, abundant host-vip properties and extensive applications. However, up to now, all the reported water-soluble pillar[5]arenes acted as the host molecules, whereas they failed to be postsynthetically modified, which seriously impeded the development of the pillar[5]arene-based supramolecular chemistry. In this work, a new water-soluble pillar[5]arene, pillar[4]arene[1]quinone, was designed and synthsized with eight quaternary ammonium groups as well as a quinone units. Such a new water-soluble pillar[4]arene[1]quinone was capable of forming 1:1 stable complex with sodium 1-octanesulfonate in aqueous solution. Since the 1,4-quinone unit of WP[4]Q[1] could react with ethylenediamine (EDA) to form a conjugated quinoxaline structure, so pillar[4]arene[1]quinone could apply to the facile fluorescence turn-on sensing of EDA in aqueous solution, organic solvent and air.
基金Supported by National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFB2503203)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U1964206).
文摘Decision-making of connected and automated vehicles(CAV)includes a sequence of driving maneuvers that improve safety and efficiency,characterized by complex scenarios,strong uncertainty,and high real-time requirements.Deep reinforcement learning(DRL)exhibits excellent capability of real-time decision-making and adaptability to complex scenarios,and generalization abilities.However,it is arduous to guarantee complete driving safety and efficiency under the constraints of training samples and costs.This paper proposes a Mixture of Expert method(MoE)based on Soft Actor-Critic(SAC),where the upper-level discriminator dynamically decides whether to activate the lower-level DRL expert or the heuristic expert based on the features of the input state.To further enhance the performance of the DRL expert,a buffer zone is introduced in the reward function,preemptively applying penalties before insecure situations occur.In order to minimize collision and off-road rates,the Intelligent Driver Model(IDM)and Minimizing Overall Braking Induced by Lane changes(MOBIL)strategy are designed by heuristic experts.Finally,tested in typical simulation scenarios,MOE shows a 13.75%improvement in driving efficiency compared with the traditional DRL method with continuous action space.It ensures high safety with zero collision and zero off-road rates while maintaining high adaptability.
基金supported in part by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No.2018YFF0300102)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.41875049 and 41575050)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (Grant No.8212025)。
文摘Correcting the forecast bias of numerical weather prediction models is important for severe weather warnings.The refined grid forecast requires direct correction on gridded forecast products,as opposed to correcting forecast data only at individual weather stations.In this study,a deep learning method called CU-net is proposed to correct the gridded forecasts of four weather variables from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast Integrated Forecasting System global model(ECMWF-IFS): 2-m temperature,2-m relative humidity,10-m wind speed,and 10-m wind direction,with a forecast lead time of 24 h to 240 h in North China.First,the forecast correction problem is transformed into an image-toimage translation problem in deep learning under the CU-net architecture,which is based on convolutional neural networks.Second,the ECMWF-IFS forecasts and ECMWF reanalysis data(ERA5) from 2005 to 2018 are used as training,validation,and testing datasets.The predictors and labels(ground truth) of the model are created using the ECMWF-IFS and ERA5,respectively.Finally,the correction performance of CU-net is compared with a conventional method,anomaly numerical correction with observations(ANO).Results show that forecasts from CU-net have lower root mean square error,bias,mean absolute error,and higher correlation coefficient than those from ANO for all forecast lead times from 24 h to 240 h.CU-net improves upon the ECMWF-IFS forecast for all four weather variables in terms of the above evaluation metrics,whereas ANO improves upon ECMWF-IFS performance only for 2-m temperature and relative humidity.For the correction of the 10-m wind direction forecast,which is often difficult to achieve,CU-net also improves the correction performance.
基金financially supported by the Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51790485)the Key Research and Development Project of Shandong Province(No.2019JZZY010401)+1 种基金Nanning Science and Technology Major Special Projects(No.20201041)State Key Laboratory of Rolling and Automation(RAL)of Northeastern University.
文摘Center segregation and banded intergranular segregation(B-IGS)should be well controlled to improve the mechanical properties of twin-roll cast(TRC)aluminum alloys,especially for alloys with high solid-ification intervals.In the present work,a synergistic grain refinement strategy was designed using an Al-5Ti-B grain refiner and Ti,Zr,and Sc microalloying elements to simultaneously control center seg-regation and B-IGS in TRC Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys.As the grain size decreased,center segregation defects were eliminated and transformed into dispersed B-IGS defects;simultaneously,the width and length of the B-IGS were also reduced.Moreover,the macro-distributions of the alloying elements along the thickness direction became more homogeneous due to a weak shear-induced dilation effect.The well-controlled multiscale segregation improved the uniformity of the alloy macrostructure,accelerated the redissolution of the crystalline phase,dispersed the aggregated residual phase,and refined grains under the T6 state.Hence,the strength and ductility of the alloys under the T6 state were simultaneously improved,and the hardness distribution along the thickness direction became more homogenous.Furthermore,the underlying mechanisms of segregation evolution and strength and ductility enhancements were elucidated.This work provides a novel strategy to effectively control multiscale segregation and produce high-performance aluminum alloys with high solidification intervals by TRC.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22007052)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20190917)+2 种基金the project of“Six Talent Peaks in Jiangsu Province”(No.XCL-085)Science and Technology Project of Nantong City(No.JC2020055)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2020M680071)。
文摘Pillar[n]arenes primarily comprise pillar[5]arenes and pillar[6]arenes, which belong to the new class of supramolecular macrocyclic hosts. Pillar[n]arenes have aroused wide attention because of their highly rigid and symmetrical architectures, controllable cavity size, and wide applications in a wide variety of areas. Although pillar[6]arene is difficult to synthesize, numerous studies have been conducted on it. In this review, the strategies to synthesize and functionalize pillar[6]arenes are investigated systematically.In addition, their host-vip properties in organic solvents and in aqueous solution are described. Moreover, pillar[6]arenes applied in different fields(e.g., molecular recognition, drug release, cancer therapy,and gas separation) are clarified. Hopefully, this study is capable of arousing more attention from increasing scientists to study large-cavity pillar[n]arenes.
基金This study was supported by Jiangsu University Medical Clinical Science and Technology Development(No.JLY201220045).
文摘Angiopoietin-like protein 2(ANGPTL2)stimulates inflammation and is important in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease(DKD).Irbesartan is helpful in reducing diabetes-induced renal damage.In this study,the effects of irbesartan on DKD and its renal protective role involving ANGPTL2 in DKD rats were examined.Wistar rats were divided into normal,DKD,and DKD+irbesartan groups.The DKD+irbesartan group was treated once daily for 8 weeks with 50 mg/kg irbesartan via intragastric gavage.The 24-h urinary albumin was determined each week,renal pathological changes were observed,and expression of ANGPTL2 and nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB)in rat renal tissue was assessed by immunohistochemistry.Mouse podocytes cultured in a high concentration of glucose were classified into four groups based on the irbesartan concentrations(0,25,50,and 75ºg/mL).Expression of ANGPTL2 and phosphorylated IκB-αwas assessed by Western blotting.The mRNA levels of ANGPTL2 and monocyte chemotactic protein 1(MCP-1)were assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction.The DKD rats displayed proteinuria,podocyte injury,and increased ANGPTL2 and NF-κB expression.All were relieved by irbesartan treatment.In podocytes cultured in elevated glucose,ANGPTL2 and phosphorylated IκB-αwere overexpressed at the protein level,and ANGPTL2 and MCP-1 were highly expressed at the mRNA level.Irbesartan down-regulated ANGPTL2 and phosphorylated IκB-αexpression at the protein level and inhibited ANGPTL2 and MCP-1 expression at the mRNA level.The ameliorative effects of irbesartan against DKD involves podocyte protection and suppression of ANGPTL2.
文摘BACKGROUND Bladder cancer is a type of cancer with a high incidence in men.Plasma electrosurgery(PES)is often used in the treatment of bladder cancer.Postoperative complications often cause depression and anxiety in patients after surgery.AIM To investigate the current state of depression and anxiety after PES in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer and analyze the factors affecting them.METHODS A retrospective study was conducted to compare the baseline data of patients by collecting their medical history and grouping them according to their mental status into negative and normal groups.Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the risk factors affecting the occurrence of anxiety and depression after surgery in patients with bladder cancer.RESULTS Comparative analyses of baseline differences showed that the patients in the negative and normal groups differed in terms of their first surgery,economic status,educational level,and marital status.A logistic regression analysis showed that it affected the occurrence of anxiety in patients with bladder cancer,and the results showed that whether the risk factors were whether or not it was the first surgery,monthly income between 3000 and 3000-6000,secondary or junior high school education level,single,divorced,and widowed statuses.CONCLUSION The risk factors affecting the onset of anxiety and depression in bladder cancer patients after PES are the number of surgeries,economic status,level of education,and marital status.This study provides a reference for the clinical treatment and prognosis of bladder cancer patients in the future.
文摘BACKGROUND Two or multiple primary malignant neoplasms(MPMNs)rarely occur in the same patient.It has been reported that MPMNs are easily misdiagnosed as the recurrence or metastasis of malignancies in clinical practice,affecting the choice of treatment for the patients,thereby resulting in the delay of optimal diagnosis.Next generation sequencing(NGS)can be used to distinguish between multiple primary lung cancers and intrapulmonary metastasis,and may distinguish the origin of tumours in different sites of the body.CASE SUMMARY We report the case of 66-year-old woman who suffered from different malignant neoplasms in the rectum and esophageal and gastrointestinal tract.The first neoplasm rectal adenocarcinoma was diagnosed and removed in 2016.The second and third lesions were diagnosed with esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma(ESCC)and gastrointestinal stromal tumour(GIST),respectively,in 2019.Nextgeneration whole exome sequencing was performed on the tissue specimens of rectal carcinoma,esophageal cancer,GIST,and white blood cells to investigate the relationship between malignancies at different timeframe and determine whether the ESCC and GIST evolved from the rectal adenocarcinoma.Mutations including v-Ki-ras2-Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog,adenomatosis polyposis coli,and mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 were detected in rectal adenocarcinoma sample,mast/stem cell growth factor receptor was detected in GIST tissue,and lysine methyltransferase 2D was detected in ESCC specimen.Overall,ESCC and GIST were not genetically evolved from rectal adenocarcinoma,and this patient did not have a trunk driven clone.CONCLUSION NGS is an effective tool to study clonal evolution of tumours and distinguish between MPMNs and intrapulmonary metastasis.
基金financially supported by the Beijing Nova Program(Z211100002121064)Fujian Province Health Science and Technology Project (2020CXB050)
文摘Dear Editor,In 2021,the Delta variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)caused the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic to spread in the UK,Nepal,southeast Asia and elsewhere,which seems to be approximately 60%more transmissible than the already highly infectious Alpha variant in late 2020(Callaway,2021).In addition to the high efficiency of the invading infection and the acquired immune escape ability,changes in the aerodynamic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 aerosols may be another important reason for the Delta variant spread.Previously,it was identified that SARS-CoV-2 can spread through close contact and airborne routes(Guo et al.,2020;Morawska and Milton,2020).
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2018YFE0115500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52003256 and 51902037)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province,China(Grant No.201901D211259)。
文摘With a series of 1.0 wt%Bi_(2)O_(3)-x wt%CuO(x=0.0,0.2,0.4,0.6,and 0.8)serving as sintering additives,Ni_(0.23)Cu_(0.32)Zn_(0.45)Ee_(2)O_(4)ferrites are successfully synthesized at a low temperature(900℃)by using the solid state reaction method.The effects of the additives on the phase formation,magnetic and dielectric properties as well as the structural and gyromagnetic properties are investigated.The x-ray diffraction(XRD)results indicate that the added Bi_(2)O_(3)-CuO can lower the synthesis temperature significantly without the appearing of the second phase.The scanning electron microscope(SEM)images confirm that Bi_(2)O_(3)is an important factor that determines the sintering behaviors,while CuO affects the grain size and densification.With CuO content x=0.4 or 0.6,the sample shows high saturation magnetization,low coercivity,high real part of magnetic permeability,dielectric permittivity,and small ferromagnetic resonance linewidth(ΔH).The NiCuZn ferrites are a promising new generation of high-performance microwave devices,such as phase shifters and isolators.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFB3504800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61901142,52003256,and 51902037)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province,China(Grant No.201901D211259)。
文摘Magneto-dielectric properties of Co_(2)Z ferrite materials are tuned via Gd doping for applications in high-frequency antennas and filters in the present work.Ba_(3)Co_(2)Fe_(24-x)Gd_(x)O_(41)(x=0.00,0.05,0.10,0.15,and 0.20)materials are successfully prepared by using solid-state method at 925℃for 4 h with 2.5-wt%Bi_(2)O_(3)sintering aids.The content of Gd^(3+)ion can affect micromorphology,grain size,bulk density,and magneto-dielectric properties of the ferrite.With Gd^(3+)ion content increasing,saturation magnetization(Ms)first increases and then decreases.The maximum value of Ms is 44.86 emu/g at x=0.15.Additionally,sites occupied by Gd^(3+)ions can change magnetic anisotropy constant of the ferrite.Magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant(K_1)is derived from initial magnetization curve,and found to be related to spin-orbit coupling and intersublattice interactions between metal ions.The real part of magnetic permeability(μ′)and real part of dielectric permittivity(ε′)are measured in a frequency range of 10 MHz-1 GHz.When x=0.15,material has excellent magneto-dielectric properties(μ′≈12.2 andε′≈17.61),low magnetic loss(tanδμ≈0.03 at 500 MHz),and dielectric loss(tanδε≈0.04 at 500 MHz).The results show that Gd-doped Co_(2)Z ferrite has broad application prospects in multilayer filters and high-frequency antennas.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award No.81802606.
文摘Recently,abnormal expression of KIAA1199 has been detected in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer(EOC).However,the underlined anti-ovarian cancer mechanism of KIAA1199 remains to be enlightened.In our study,we performed to elucidate the effects of KIAA1199 on the advanced biological behavior of EOC cells through activation of the IL-6/STAT3 pathway.Confirmed by immunohistochemistry,KIAA1199 was highly expressed in ovarian borderline and malignant epithelial tumors.A retrospective analysis found that EOC patients with low expression of KIAA1199 had a significantly higher 5-year survival rate than those with high expression.Mechanistically,IL-6 was used to stimulate EOC cells,and the expression of KIAA1199,STAT3 and p-STAT3 increased after IL-6 stimulation.These results could show that KIAA1199 is transcriptionally activated by IL6/STAT3 pathway,thereby accelerating the deterioration of EOC.KIAA1199 could also be used as a poor prognosis factor and potential target in treatment.
