Attempts have been made to modulate motor sequence learning(MSL)through repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation,targeting different sites within the sensorimotor network.However,the target with the optimum modula...Attempts have been made to modulate motor sequence learning(MSL)through repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation,targeting different sites within the sensorimotor network.However,the target with the optimum modulatory effect on neural plasticity associated with MSL remains unclarified.This study was therefore designed to compare the role of the left primary motor cortex and the left supplementary motor area proper(SMAp)in modulating MSL across different complexity levels and for both hands,as well as the associated neuroplasticity by applying intermittent theta burst stimulation together with the electroencephalogram and concurrent transcranial magnetic stimulation.Our data demonstrated the role of SMAp stimulation in modulating neural communication to support MSL,which is achieved by facilitating regional activation and orchestrating neural coupling across distributed brain regions,particularly in interhemispheric connections.These findings may have important clinical implications,particularly for motor rehabilitation in populations such as post-stroke patients.展开更多
Air-sea water vapor and CO_(2) flux observation experiments were carried out at the Yantai National Satellite Ocean Calibration Platform and the jetty at Monolithic Beach,Juehua Island,using a 100 Hz gas analyzer.The ...Air-sea water vapor and CO_(2) flux observation experiments were carried out at the Yantai National Satellite Ocean Calibration Platform and the jetty at Monolithic Beach,Juehua Island,using a 100 Hz gas analyzer.The observations were corrected by employing wild point rejection,linear detrending,delay correction,coordinate rotation,time matching,and Webb,Pearman,and Leuning(WPL)correction.The results of spectral analysis and a turbulence development adequacy data quality check showed that the overall observation data quality was good.The air-sea water vapor and CO_(2) flux results showed that the observation duration affected both the air-sea flux intensity and direction at different observation frequencies.At shorter observation durations,the air-sea flux values measured at 100 Hz were smaller than the 20 Hz measurements and had opposite directions.In addition,the WPL correction reduced the overall air-sea flux and partially minimized the effect of observation frequency on the air-sea flux intensity.These results showed that high-frequency observations showed more turbulence variations than low-frequency observations.This conclusion could promote an understanding of small-scale turbulence variations.展开更多
Federated Graph Neural Networks (FedGNNs) have achieved significant success in representation learning for graph data, enabling collaborative training among multiple parties without sharing their raw graph data and so...Federated Graph Neural Networks (FedGNNs) have achieved significant success in representation learning for graph data, enabling collaborative training among multiple parties without sharing their raw graph data and solving the data isolation problem faced by centralized GNNs in data-sensitive scenarios. Despite the plethora of prior work on inference attacks against centralized GNNs, the vulnerability of FedGNNs to inference attacks has not yet been widely explored. It is still unclear whether the privacy leakage risks of centralized GNNs will also be introduced in FedGNNs. To bridge this gap, we present PIAFGNN, the first property inference attack (PIA) against FedGNNs. Compared with prior works on centralized GNNs, in PIAFGNN, the attacker can only obtain the global embedding gradient distributed by the central server. The attacker converts the task of stealing the target user’s local embeddings into a regression problem, using a regression model to generate the target graph node embeddings. By training shadow models and property classifiers, the attacker can infer the basic property information within the target graph that is of interest. Experiments on three benchmark graph datasets demonstrate that PIAFGNN achieves attack accuracy of over 70% in most cases, even approaching the attack accuracy of inference attacks against centralized GNNs in some instances, which is much higher than the attack accuracy of the random guessing method. Furthermore, we observe that common defense mechanisms cannot mitigate our attack without affecting the model’s performance on mainly classification tasks.展开更多
Long-term intake of high-fat diet(HFD)leads to systemic hypo-inflammation,which is involved in the pathogenesis of many liver diseases.The aim of this study was to evaluate the interventional effect of inulin addition...Long-term intake of high-fat diet(HFD)leads to systemic hypo-inflammation,which is involved in the pathogenesis of many liver diseases.The aim of this study was to evaluate the interventional effect of inulin addition on HFD-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Here,we assessed liver inflammation and lipid metabolism by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)kits and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(q PCR),and explored its relationship with intestinal flora and metabolites by 16S r DNA gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomics.In addition,we determined the effect of the inositol-requiring enzyme-1α-X-box binding protein 1(IRE1α-XBP1)pathway on liver macrophage polarization by flow cytometry.In conclusion,our study has demonstrated that inulin ameliorates high levels of bile acids and colonic immune disorders induced by HFD,and improves hepatic macrophage polarization and hepatic lipid metabolism via the intestine-hepatic axis,thus providing a mechanistic basis for therapeutic approaches to modulate bile acids to improve colonic inflammation and NAFLD.展开更多
BACKGROUND Paraganglioma(PGL)is a neuroendocrine tumor originating from paraganglia that can occur in various locations,such as the head,neck,chest,abdomen,and pelvis.Retroperitoneal PGLs are rare,and recurrent cases ...BACKGROUND Paraganglioma(PGL)is a neuroendocrine tumor originating from paraganglia that can occur in various locations,such as the head,neck,chest,abdomen,and pelvis.Retroperitoneal PGLs are rare,and recurrent cases in this area are partic-ularly uncommon,posing considerable surgical complexities.Owing to their neu-roendocrine activity,PGLs are capable of secreting hormones like catecholamines,thereby presenting significant challenges in hemodynamic management during the perioperative period.CASE SUMMARY We report a 64-year-old man with a recurrent retroperitoneal PGL.The patient underwent retroperitoneal mass resection in 2013,with postoperative pathology revealing a PGL.Regular follow-up was not conducted until April 2024,when a computed tomography scan revealed a huge mass in the retroperitoneum,closely adjacent to the abdominal aorta.Laboratory examinations revealed elevated levels of catecholamines in the patient's blood serum.Upon admission,volume expan-sion and blood pressure(BP)monitoring were carried out for one week,with catecholamine levels reviewed and normalized.Adequate preoperative prepa-ration was conducted,including central venous access,arterial BP monitoring,and the preparation of vasoactive agents.During tumor resection,the patient ex-perienced acute,significant fluctuations in BP.The timely intervention of the anesthesiologist stabilized the BP,facilitating the successful resection of the tumor which was confirmed as a recurrent PGL.Postoperative follow-up revealed no evidence of tumor residual or recurrence.CONCLUSION PGL recurrence is rare but non-negligible.PGLs adjacent to major arteries com-plicate surgery,and perioperative hemodynamic stability demands meticulous attention.Core Tip:Recurrent retroperitoneal paragangliomas are infrequent but pose substantial surgical challenges,particularly when located adjacent to critical vascular structures such as the abdominal aorta.Effective perioperative management of he-modynamic fluctuations,driven by catecholamine secretion,requires meticulous preoperative planning,including volume expansion,blood pressure monitoring,and vasoactive agent preparation.Surgical intervention demands prompt and coordinated anesthetic support to stabilize hemodynamics,ensuring successful tumor resection.Given the potential for late recurrence,long-term follow-up is essential for early detection and management of asymptomatic recurrences.INTRODUCTION Paraganglioma(PGL)is a neuroendocrine tumor originating from paraganglia,which are associated with the autonomic nervous system[1].These tumors arise from chromaffin cells or similar cells capable of secreting catecholamines,such as adrenaline and noradrenaline.PGLs manifest in various anatomical locations,including the head,neck,chest,abdomen,and pelvis,and are characterized by neurosecretory and chief cells surrounded by prominent vascular stroma.Although typically benign,malignant forms of PGL are also recognized,and they may exhibit a tendency for recurrence or me-tastasis[2].PGLs located in the retroperitoneum are relatively uncommon and present greater surgical challenges because of their complex anatomical location near vital organs and major blood vessels.Their catecholamine-secreting nature further complicates the maintenance of hemodynamic stability during the perioperative period.In May 2024,a patient with recurrent retroperitoneal PGL was admitted to our hospital,and the details are reported below.展开更多
Because the grinding temperature is high when grinding using conventional disordered grinding wheels,the grinding quality improvement is limited when using single abrasive ordered grinding wheels,and the wheel prepara...Because the grinding temperature is high when grinding using conventional disordered grinding wheels,the grinding quality improvement is limited when using single abrasive ordered grinding wheels,and the wheel preparation process is complex and costly when using microstructured grinding wheels,abrasive groups ordered grinding wheels are widely investigated.However,there is a paucity of systematic analyses and comprehensive reviews focused on abrasive groups ordered grinding wheels.Therefore,this paper defines abrasive groups ordered grinding wheels and classifies them,based on their unique characteristics,into groups such as abrasive blocks ordered grinding wheel,fine grain structured grinding wheel,abrasive clusters ordered grinding wheel,and abrasive fibers ordered grinding wheel.We provide an overview of the latest advances in wheel structures,preparation methods,and abrasive selection for various types of abrasive groups ordered grinding wheels.Furthermore,we conduct a comparative analysis of the existing types,significant advantages,and challenges associated with the four types of abrasive groups ordered grinding wheels.Looking ahead,given the potential of abrasive groups ordered grinding wheels in reducing grinding force and temperature,we recommend further exploration of their application in combination with special processing techniques.This could pave the way for the development of machining processes that are more environmentally friendly,energy-efficient,and precise.展开更多
Addressing the current issues in construction site detection algorithms—such as missed detections,false positives,and high model complexity—caused by occlusions and scale variations in dense environments.This paper ...Addressing the current issues in construction site detection algorithms—such as missed detections,false positives,and high model complexity—caused by occlusions and scale variations in dense environments.This paper proposes a lightweight multi-object detection model for construction sites based on YOLO-World,named the LCS-YOLO model,to achieve a balance between detection efficiency and accuracy.We propose the RGNet(Re-parameterization GhostNet)module,which integrates re-parameterized convolutions and a multi-branch architecture.This approach addresses the issue of information redundancy in intermediate feature maps while enhancing feature extraction and gradient flow capabilities.Combined with the adaptive downsampling module ADown(Adaptive Downsampling),it better captures image features and achieves spatial compression,reducing model complexity while enhancing interaction between images and text.Experiments demonstrate that the LCS-YOLO model outperforms other comparison models in overall performance,achieving a balance between accuracy and efficiency.展开更多
BACKGROUND Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(ICC)is a highly malignant liver cancer subtype with limited effective treatment options.Emerging evidence suggests that inflammatory factors play a critical role in ICC progr...BACKGROUND Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(ICC)is a highly malignant liver cancer subtype with limited effective treatment options.Emerging evidence suggests that inflammatory factors play a critical role in ICC progression within the tumor microenvironment(TME).However,causal relationships between specific inflammatory factors and ICC risk remain unclear.AIM To investigate the causal relationship between inflammatory factors and ICC.METHODS This study used Mendelian randomization(MR)and Bayesian weighted MR(BWMR)analyses to investigate the causal impact of inflammatory factors on ICC risk.Genetic data from genome-wide association studies were utilized to identify and validate instrumental variables for 91 inflammatory factors,followed by sensitivity analyses to ensure robustness.RESULTS MR analysis identified significant associations between elevated levels of artemin and matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-10 and increased ICC risk.BWMR and meta-MR analysis results validated these associations.Sensitivity analyses confirmed the stability of these findings,indicating that specific inflammatory factors may contribute causally to ICC development.CONCLUSION This study provides evidence that certain inflammatory factors,particularly artemin and MMP-10,are causally linked to ICC risk,identifying them as potential risk factors and therapeutic targeting.These findings enhance the understanding of the inflammatory components of the TME in ICC,supporting the development of targeted intervention strategies.展开更多
This paper experimentally investigates the wave pressure and pore pressure within a sandy seabed around two pipelines under the action of random waves(currents).The experiments revealed that when the random wave plus ...This paper experimentally investigates the wave pressure and pore pressure within a sandy seabed around two pipelines under the action of random waves(currents).The experiments revealed that when the random wave plus current cases are compared with the random wave-only case,the forward current promotes wave propagation,whereas the reversed backward current inhibits wave propagation.Furthermore,the wave pressure on the downstream pipeline decreases as the relative spacing ratio increases and increases as the diameter increases.However,alterations in the relative spacing ratio or dimensions of the downstream pipeline exert a negligible influence on the wave pressure of the upstream pipeline.Moreover,the relative spacing ratio between the pipelines and the dimensions of the pipelines considerably influence the pore pressure in the sand bed.When the relative spacing ratio remains constant,increasing the downstream pipeline diameter will increase the pore-water pressure of the soil below the downstream pipeline.展开更多
This paper investigated the use of magnesium phosphate cement (MPC) for solidifying sludge with different humic acid (HA) content (ranging from 0 to 4.5%) and explored the solidification mechanism. Fluidity, setting t...This paper investigated the use of magnesium phosphate cement (MPC) for solidifying sludge with different humic acid (HA) content (ranging from 0 to 4.5%) and explored the solidification mechanism. Fluidity, setting time, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), the strength formation mechanism, and the spontaneous imbibition process of solidified sludge (SS) were studied. The results indicate that MPC can be used as a low-alkalinity curing agent. As the HA content increases, fluidity and setting time also increase, while hydration temperature and strength decrease. Additionally, the failure mode of SS transitions from brittleness to ductility. The strength of SS is composed of the cementation strength provided by MPC hydration products, matric suction, osmotic suction, and the structural strength of the sludge. MPC reduces the structural strength caused by the shrinkage of pure sludge under the action of matric suction, but the incorporation of MPC significantly improved the strength when the sludge is eroded by water. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) show that the sludge and MPC can form a dense solid body, forming various hydration products, and synergistically improve the mechanical properties of the sludge.展开更多
The structural integrity of the interface between a concrete plug and the surrounding rock may be compromised during frequent cycles of air charging,discharging,and storage,which is typical of compressed air energy st...The structural integrity of the interface between a concrete plug and the surrounding rock may be compromised during frequent cycles of air charging,discharging,and storage,which is typical of compressed air energy storage systems in abandoned mines.To investigate this,nitrogen permeability tests were conducted on the interface samples of rockeconcrete interface in both consolidated and unconsolidated states under cyclic loading.The variations in the flow rate throughout the permeability process under different cycle numbers and load range conditions were investigated.The microscopic analysis at the interfaces was imaged using computed tomography scanning.The results indicated that the gas permeability of the cemented interfaces with different roughness values varied with confining pressure ranging from 10^(-13) m^(2) to 10^(-12) m^(2),whereas that of the non-cemented interfaces ranged from 10^(-12) m^(2) to 10^(-11) m^(2).A larger load variation range encompassed the permeability variation characteristics within a smaller variation range.The evolution pattern of the permeability ratio with the number of cycles was influenced by the inlet pressure.The greater the inlet pressure,the larger the increment ratio of the permeability.The permeability change patterns of interfaces with different roughness values were similar.Microscopic analysis revealed that pores inside the concrete were connected to the interface gaps.Under the coupling of stress and gas pressure,the gas could penetrate the crack tips or pores,accelerating the development of microcracks during the cyclic opening and closing of the pores.This study provides valuable insights into the safe long-term operation of underground high-pressure air storage.展开更多
Drought events have become more severe under climate change,and this can pose a major threat to the survival of various organisms.The molecular mechanisms involved in dehydration resistance are not well known.Here,adu...Drought events have become more severe under climate change,and this can pose a major threat to the survival of various organisms.The molecular mechanisms involved in dehydration resistance are not well known.Here,adults of the migratory locust,Locusta migratoria,were subjected to food-mediated dehydration,and adipokinetic hormone(AKH)signaling was found to play a key role in regulating dehydration resistance.Specifically,dehydration shortened the lifespan,increased the body weight loss,and reduced the water loss rate in adult locusts.Global transcriptome profiles revealed variations in tissue-specific gene expression between dehydration-resistant locusts and normal locusts.Importantly,dehydration selection and exposure induced prominent expression of AKH genes in the retrocerebral complex of adult locusts.Furthermore,individual knockdown of AKH1,AKH2,or AKH receptor(AKHR)accelerated water loss and shortened the lifespan of adult locusts under dehydration conditions,and trehalose supplementation ameliorated the negative effects caused by interference with AKH or AKHR.These findings demonstrated that AKH/AKHR signaling-dependent trehalose metabolism plays a crucial role in regulating locust dehydration resistance and thus provide novel insights into the regulatory mechanism underlying drought resistance.展开更多
X-ray detection plays a crucial role across various aspects of our daily lives,encompassing medical diagnoses,security screenings,and non-destructive examinations in industrial settings.Given the wide array of applica...X-ray detection plays a crucial role across various aspects of our daily lives,encompassing medical diagnoses,security screenings,and non-destructive examinations in industrial settings.Given the wide array of application contexts,a wealth of opportunities is entailed with the practical utilization of both organic and inorganic X-ray detection materials.A novel and promising contender in this realm is the emergence of metal-free organic halide perovskites(O-PVSKs),offering great opportunities and tremendous potential in X-ray detection.This potential can be attributed to the distinct crystalline configuration of O-PVSKs,where organic constituents are structured into an ABX3perovskite arrangement.Consequently,O-PVSKs exhibit captivating characteristics reminiscent of organic materials,such as lightweight nature and modifiability,all while retaining the distinctive traits associated with halide perovskites ranging from diverse structures to tunable optoelectronic properties.This review article delves into the intrinsic attributes of O-PVSKs and critically examines the viability of O-PVSKs in X-ray detection,through which key features that distinguish O-PVSKs from traditional organic semiconductors and perovskites are outlined.This is followed by a perspective given on their future avenues for exploration.展开更多
HIGHLIGHTS The formation of peptide nanocapsules is facilitated by a gradient interface,where the differential solvent concentration drives the peptides to preferentially localize and assemble.The peptide nanocapsules...HIGHLIGHTS The formation of peptide nanocapsules is facilitated by a gradient interface,where the differential solvent concentration drives the peptides to preferentially localize and assemble.The peptide nanocapsules,characterized by their hollow structures,demonstrated potential as carriers for targeted drug delivery.1 Introduction Peptide nanocapsules are a type of nanoscale delivery system that encapsulates active substances within a shell composed of peptides,leveraging the unique properties of peptides such as biocompatibility and biodegradability[1].Historically,the development of peptide nanocapsules was inspired primordially by the natural biological processes.展开更多
The vector vortex beam(VVB)has attracted significant attention due to its intrinsic diversity of information and has found great applications in both classical and quantum communications.However,a VVB is unavoidably a...The vector vortex beam(VVB)has attracted significant attention due to its intrinsic diversity of information and has found great applications in both classical and quantum communications.However,a VVB is unavoidably affected by atmospheric turbulence(AT)when it propagates through the free-space optical communication environment,which results in detection errors at the receiver.In this paper,we propose a VVB classification scheme to detect VVBs with continuously changing polarization states under AT,where a diffractive deep neural network(DDNN)is designed and trained to classify the intensity distribution of the input distorted VVBs,and the horizontal direction of polarization of the input distorted beam is adopted as the feature for the classification through the DDNN.The numerical simulations and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme has high accuracy in classification tasks.The energy distribution percentage remains above 95%from weak to medium AT,and the classification accuracy can remain above 95%for various strengths of turbulence.It has a faster convergence and better accuracy than that based on a convolutional neural network.展开更多
Memristors as non-volatile memory devices have gained numerous attentions owing to their advantages in storage,in-memory computing, synaptic applications, etc. In recent years, two-dimensional(2D) materials with moder...Memristors as non-volatile memory devices have gained numerous attentions owing to their advantages in storage,in-memory computing, synaptic applications, etc. In recent years, two-dimensional(2D) materials with moderate defects have been discovered to exist memristive feature. However, it is very difficult to obtain moderate defect degree in 2D materials, and studied on modulation means and mechanism becomes urgent and essential. In this work, we realized memristive feature with a bipolar switching and a configurable on/off ratio in a two-terminal MoS_(2) device(on/off ratio ~100), for the first time, from absent to present using laser-modulation to few-layer defect-free MoS_(2)(about 10 layers), and its retention time in both high resistance state and low resistance state can reach 2×10^(4) s. The mechanism of the laser-induced memristive feature has been cleared by dynamic Monte Carlo simulations and first-principles calculations. Furthermore, we verified the universality of the laser-modulation by investigating other 2D materials of TMDs. Our work will open a route to modulate and optimize the performance of 2D semiconductor memristive devices.展开更多
BACKGROUND Due to frequent and high-risk sports activities,the elbow joint is susceptible to injury,especially to cartilage tissue,which can cause pain,limited movement and even loss of joint function.AIM To evaluate ...BACKGROUND Due to frequent and high-risk sports activities,the elbow joint is susceptible to injury,especially to cartilage tissue,which can cause pain,limited movement and even loss of joint function.AIM To evaluate magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)multisequence imaging for improving the diagnostic accuracy of adult elbow cartilage injury.METHODS A total of 60 patients diagnosed with elbow cartilage injury in our hospital from January 2020 to December 2021 were enrolled in this retrospective study.We analyzed the accuracy of conventional MRI sequences(T1-weighted imaging,T2-weighted imaging,proton density weighted imaging,and T2 star weighted image)and Three-Dimensional Coronary Imaging by Spiral Scanning(3D-CISS)in the diagnosis of elbow cartilage injury.Arthroscopy was used as the gold standard to evaluate the diagnostic effect of single and combination sequences in different injury degrees and the consistency with arthroscopy.RESULTS The diagnostic accuracy of 3D-CISS sequence was 89.34%±4.98%,the sensitivity was 90%,and the specificity was 88.33%,which showed the best performance among all sequences(P<0.05).The combined application of the whole sequence had the highest accuracy in all sequence combinations,the accuracy of mild injury was 91.30%,the accuracy of moderate injury was 96.15%,and the accuracy of severe injury was 93.33%(P<0.05).Compared with arthroscopy,the combination of all MRI sequences had the highest consistency of 91.67%,and the kappa value reached 0.890(P<0.001).CONCLUSION Combination of 3D-CISS and each sequence had significant advantages in improving MRI diagnostic accuracy of elbow cartilage injuries in adults.Multisequence MRI is recommended to ensure the best diagnosis and treatment.展开更多
Water content and primary fractures can change the mechanical characteristics of rock,making it easy to induce geological disasters.Therefore,direct shear tests of red sandstone under the action of water-fracture were...Water content and primary fractures can change the mechanical characteristics of rock,making it easy to induce geological disasters.Therefore,direct shear tests of red sandstone under the action of water-fracture were carried out in this paper.The results show that shear strength of rock samples with fractures is less than that of intact rock samples.With the increase of primary fracture dip angle,shear strength and macroscopic crushing area of the rock sample increases first and then decreases with 20°as the boundary.It shows that the primary fractures weaken the shear mechanical properties and change the macroscopic failure mode.The shear performance of water-bearing rock samples is weaker than that of intact rock samples,and the weakening degree of water-saturated on shear performance of rock samples is lower than that of unsaturated water state.The fracture surfaces of rock samples are divided into‘shortest path single through type’,‘longest path single through type’and‘cross path through type’.The failured rock samples are divided into‘single through type’and‘cross through type’.The research results can provide reference for geological disaster management under relevant conditions.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(LGJ22H180001)Zhejiang Medical and Health Science and Technology Project(2021KY249)the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFC1310000).
文摘Attempts have been made to modulate motor sequence learning(MSL)through repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation,targeting different sites within the sensorimotor network.However,the target with the optimum modulatory effect on neural plasticity associated with MSL remains unclarified.This study was therefore designed to compare the role of the left primary motor cortex and the left supplementary motor area proper(SMAp)in modulating MSL across different complexity levels and for both hands,as well as the associated neuroplasticity by applying intermittent theta burst stimulation together with the electroencephalogram and concurrent transcranial magnetic stimulation.Our data demonstrated the role of SMAp stimulation in modulating neural communication to support MSL,which is achieved by facilitating regional activation and orchestrating neural coupling across distributed brain regions,particularly in interhemispheric connections.These findings may have important clinical implications,particularly for motor rehabilitation in populations such as post-stroke patients.
基金The National Key Research and Development Program of China under contract Nos 2022YFC3104203 and 2018YFC0213103the Science Foundation of Donghai Laboratory under contract No.DH-2022KF01019+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation under contract No.419061522023 Shanghai Education Science Research Project under contract No.C2023120.
文摘Air-sea water vapor and CO_(2) flux observation experiments were carried out at the Yantai National Satellite Ocean Calibration Platform and the jetty at Monolithic Beach,Juehua Island,using a 100 Hz gas analyzer.The observations were corrected by employing wild point rejection,linear detrending,delay correction,coordinate rotation,time matching,and Webb,Pearman,and Leuning(WPL)correction.The results of spectral analysis and a turbulence development adequacy data quality check showed that the overall observation data quality was good.The air-sea water vapor and CO_(2) flux results showed that the observation duration affected both the air-sea flux intensity and direction at different observation frequencies.At shorter observation durations,the air-sea flux values measured at 100 Hz were smaller than the 20 Hz measurements and had opposite directions.In addition,the WPL correction reduced the overall air-sea flux and partially minimized the effect of observation frequency on the air-sea flux intensity.These results showed that high-frequency observations showed more turbulence variations than low-frequency observations.This conclusion could promote an understanding of small-scale turbulence variations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62176122 and 62061146002).
文摘Federated Graph Neural Networks (FedGNNs) have achieved significant success in representation learning for graph data, enabling collaborative training among multiple parties without sharing their raw graph data and solving the data isolation problem faced by centralized GNNs in data-sensitive scenarios. Despite the plethora of prior work on inference attacks against centralized GNNs, the vulnerability of FedGNNs to inference attacks has not yet been widely explored. It is still unclear whether the privacy leakage risks of centralized GNNs will also be introduced in FedGNNs. To bridge this gap, we present PIAFGNN, the first property inference attack (PIA) against FedGNNs. Compared with prior works on centralized GNNs, in PIAFGNN, the attacker can only obtain the global embedding gradient distributed by the central server. The attacker converts the task of stealing the target user’s local embeddings into a regression problem, using a regression model to generate the target graph node embeddings. By training shadow models and property classifiers, the attacker can infer the basic property information within the target graph that is of interest. Experiments on three benchmark graph datasets demonstrate that PIAFGNN achieves attack accuracy of over 70% in most cases, even approaching the attack accuracy of inference attacks against centralized GNNs in some instances, which is much higher than the attack accuracy of the random guessing method. Furthermore, we observe that common defense mechanisms cannot mitigate our attack without affecting the model’s performance on mainly classification tasks.
基金supported by the projects of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901701)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFC1606704)+1 种基金Key R&D Program Project of Shaanxi Province(2024NC-YBXM-151-4)Science and Technology Plan Project of Xi'an(2014JH-NYYB-0103)。
文摘Long-term intake of high-fat diet(HFD)leads to systemic hypo-inflammation,which is involved in the pathogenesis of many liver diseases.The aim of this study was to evaluate the interventional effect of inulin addition on HFD-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Here,we assessed liver inflammation and lipid metabolism by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)kits and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(q PCR),and explored its relationship with intestinal flora and metabolites by 16S r DNA gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomics.In addition,we determined the effect of the inositol-requiring enzyme-1α-X-box binding protein 1(IRE1α-XBP1)pathway on liver macrophage polarization by flow cytometry.In conclusion,our study has demonstrated that inulin ameliorates high levels of bile acids and colonic immune disorders induced by HFD,and improves hepatic macrophage polarization and hepatic lipid metabolism via the intestine-hepatic axis,thus providing a mechanistic basis for therapeutic approaches to modulate bile acids to improve colonic inflammation and NAFLD.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China,No.LQ21H020007.
文摘BACKGROUND Paraganglioma(PGL)is a neuroendocrine tumor originating from paraganglia that can occur in various locations,such as the head,neck,chest,abdomen,and pelvis.Retroperitoneal PGLs are rare,and recurrent cases in this area are partic-ularly uncommon,posing considerable surgical complexities.Owing to their neu-roendocrine activity,PGLs are capable of secreting hormones like catecholamines,thereby presenting significant challenges in hemodynamic management during the perioperative period.CASE SUMMARY We report a 64-year-old man with a recurrent retroperitoneal PGL.The patient underwent retroperitoneal mass resection in 2013,with postoperative pathology revealing a PGL.Regular follow-up was not conducted until April 2024,when a computed tomography scan revealed a huge mass in the retroperitoneum,closely adjacent to the abdominal aorta.Laboratory examinations revealed elevated levels of catecholamines in the patient's blood serum.Upon admission,volume expan-sion and blood pressure(BP)monitoring were carried out for one week,with catecholamine levels reviewed and normalized.Adequate preoperative prepa-ration was conducted,including central venous access,arterial BP monitoring,and the preparation of vasoactive agents.During tumor resection,the patient ex-perienced acute,significant fluctuations in BP.The timely intervention of the anesthesiologist stabilized the BP,facilitating the successful resection of the tumor which was confirmed as a recurrent PGL.Postoperative follow-up revealed no evidence of tumor residual or recurrence.CONCLUSION PGL recurrence is rare but non-negligible.PGLs adjacent to major arteries com-plicate surgery,and perioperative hemodynamic stability demands meticulous attention.Core Tip:Recurrent retroperitoneal paragangliomas are infrequent but pose substantial surgical challenges,particularly when located adjacent to critical vascular structures such as the abdominal aorta.Effective perioperative management of he-modynamic fluctuations,driven by catecholamine secretion,requires meticulous preoperative planning,including volume expansion,blood pressure monitoring,and vasoactive agent preparation.Surgical intervention demands prompt and coordinated anesthetic support to stabilize hemodynamics,ensuring successful tumor resection.Given the potential for late recurrence,long-term follow-up is essential for early detection and management of asymptomatic recurrences.INTRODUCTION Paraganglioma(PGL)is a neuroendocrine tumor originating from paraganglia,which are associated with the autonomic nervous system[1].These tumors arise from chromaffin cells or similar cells capable of secreting catecholamines,such as adrenaline and noradrenaline.PGLs manifest in various anatomical locations,including the head,neck,chest,abdomen,and pelvis,and are characterized by neurosecretory and chief cells surrounded by prominent vascular stroma.Although typically benign,malignant forms of PGL are also recognized,and they may exhibit a tendency for recurrence or me-tastasis[2].PGLs located in the retroperitoneum are relatively uncommon and present greater surgical challenges because of their complex anatomical location near vital organs and major blood vessels.Their catecholamine-secreting nature further complicates the maintenance of hemodynamic stability during the perioperative period.In May 2024,a patient with recurrent retroperitoneal PGL was admitted to our hospital,and the details are reported below.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52175401)Hunan Provincial Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project(Grant No.QL20230244)+1 种基金Enterprise Innovation and Development Joint Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U20B2032)Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Program(Grant No.2022RC1050).
文摘Because the grinding temperature is high when grinding using conventional disordered grinding wheels,the grinding quality improvement is limited when using single abrasive ordered grinding wheels,and the wheel preparation process is complex and costly when using microstructured grinding wheels,abrasive groups ordered grinding wheels are widely investigated.However,there is a paucity of systematic analyses and comprehensive reviews focused on abrasive groups ordered grinding wheels.Therefore,this paper defines abrasive groups ordered grinding wheels and classifies them,based on their unique characteristics,into groups such as abrasive blocks ordered grinding wheel,fine grain structured grinding wheel,abrasive clusters ordered grinding wheel,and abrasive fibers ordered grinding wheel.We provide an overview of the latest advances in wheel structures,preparation methods,and abrasive selection for various types of abrasive groups ordered grinding wheels.Furthermore,we conduct a comparative analysis of the existing types,significant advantages,and challenges associated with the four types of abrasive groups ordered grinding wheels.Looking ahead,given the potential of abrasive groups ordered grinding wheels in reducing grinding force and temperature,we recommend further exploration of their application in combination with special processing techniques.This could pave the way for the development of machining processes that are more environmentally friendly,energy-efficient,and precise.
文摘Addressing the current issues in construction site detection algorithms—such as missed detections,false positives,and high model complexity—caused by occlusions and scale variations in dense environments.This paper proposes a lightweight multi-object detection model for construction sites based on YOLO-World,named the LCS-YOLO model,to achieve a balance between detection efficiency and accuracy.We propose the RGNet(Re-parameterization GhostNet)module,which integrates re-parameterized convolutions and a multi-branch architecture.This approach addresses the issue of information redundancy in intermediate feature maps while enhancing feature extraction and gradient flow capabilities.Combined with the adaptive downsampling module ADown(Adaptive Downsampling),it better captures image features and achieves spatial compression,reducing model complexity while enhancing interaction between images and text.Experiments demonstrate that the LCS-YOLO model outperforms other comparison models in overall performance,achieving a balance between accuracy and efficiency.
基金Supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2021YFA1301104.
文摘BACKGROUND Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(ICC)is a highly malignant liver cancer subtype with limited effective treatment options.Emerging evidence suggests that inflammatory factors play a critical role in ICC progression within the tumor microenvironment(TME).However,causal relationships between specific inflammatory factors and ICC risk remain unclear.AIM To investigate the causal relationship between inflammatory factors and ICC.METHODS This study used Mendelian randomization(MR)and Bayesian weighted MR(BWMR)analyses to investigate the causal impact of inflammatory factors on ICC risk.Genetic data from genome-wide association studies were utilized to identify and validate instrumental variables for 91 inflammatory factors,followed by sensitivity analyses to ensure robustness.RESULTS MR analysis identified significant associations between elevated levels of artemin and matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-10 and increased ICC risk.BWMR and meta-MR analysis results validated these associations.Sensitivity analyses confirmed the stability of these findings,indicating that specific inflammatory factors may contribute causally to ICC development.CONCLUSION This study provides evidence that certain inflammatory factors,particularly artemin and MMP-10,are causally linked to ICC risk,identifying them as potential risk factors and therapeutic targeting.These findings enhance the understanding of the inflammatory components of the TME in ICC,supporting the development of targeted intervention strategies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52271281)Shandong Provincial High-Level Talent Workstation,Shandong Province Natural Science Foundation Youth project(Grant No.ZR2023QE190)an Open funding project from the Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal Disaster and Protection,Hohai University,China(Grant No.202206).
文摘This paper experimentally investigates the wave pressure and pore pressure within a sandy seabed around two pipelines under the action of random waves(currents).The experiments revealed that when the random wave plus current cases are compared with the random wave-only case,the forward current promotes wave propagation,whereas the reversed backward current inhibits wave propagation.Furthermore,the wave pressure on the downstream pipeline decreases as the relative spacing ratio increases and increases as the diameter increases.However,alterations in the relative spacing ratio or dimensions of the downstream pipeline exert a negligible influence on the wave pressure of the upstream pipeline.Moreover,the relative spacing ratio between the pipelines and the dimensions of the pipelines considerably influence the pore pressure in the sand bed.When the relative spacing ratio remains constant,increasing the downstream pipeline diameter will increase the pore-water pressure of the soil below the downstream pipeline.
基金This research work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51972209).
文摘This paper investigated the use of magnesium phosphate cement (MPC) for solidifying sludge with different humic acid (HA) content (ranging from 0 to 4.5%) and explored the solidification mechanism. Fluidity, setting time, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), the strength formation mechanism, and the spontaneous imbibition process of solidified sludge (SS) were studied. The results indicate that MPC can be used as a low-alkalinity curing agent. As the HA content increases, fluidity and setting time also increase, while hydration temperature and strength decrease. Additionally, the failure mode of SS transitions from brittleness to ductility. The strength of SS is composed of the cementation strength provided by MPC hydration products, matric suction, osmotic suction, and the structural strength of the sludge. MPC reduces the structural strength caused by the shrinkage of pure sludge under the action of matric suction, but the incorporation of MPC significantly improved the strength when the sludge is eroded by water. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) show that the sludge and MPC can form a dense solid body, forming various hydration products, and synergistically improve the mechanical properties of the sludge.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52409132)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2024M751813)the Major key technical research projects of Shandong Energy Group(Grant No.SNKJ2023A07-R14).
文摘The structural integrity of the interface between a concrete plug and the surrounding rock may be compromised during frequent cycles of air charging,discharging,and storage,which is typical of compressed air energy storage systems in abandoned mines.To investigate this,nitrogen permeability tests were conducted on the interface samples of rockeconcrete interface in both consolidated and unconsolidated states under cyclic loading.The variations in the flow rate throughout the permeability process under different cycle numbers and load range conditions were investigated.The microscopic analysis at the interfaces was imaged using computed tomography scanning.The results indicated that the gas permeability of the cemented interfaces with different roughness values varied with confining pressure ranging from 10^(-13) m^(2) to 10^(-12) m^(2),whereas that of the non-cemented interfaces ranged from 10^(-12) m^(2) to 10^(-11) m^(2).A larger load variation range encompassed the permeability variation characteristics within a smaller variation range.The evolution pattern of the permeability ratio with the number of cycles was influenced by the inlet pressure.The greater the inlet pressure,the larger the increment ratio of the permeability.The permeability change patterns of interfaces with different roughness values were similar.Microscopic analysis revealed that pores inside the concrete were connected to the interface gaps.Under the coupling of stress and gas pressure,the gas could penetrate the crack tips or pores,accelerating the development of microcracks during the cyclic opening and closing of the pores.This study provides valuable insights into the safe long-term operation of underground high-pressure air storage.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1400503)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32102208)the Hebei Natural Science Foundation,China(C2022201042,C2021201052 and C2023201075).
文摘Drought events have become more severe under climate change,and this can pose a major threat to the survival of various organisms.The molecular mechanisms involved in dehydration resistance are not well known.Here,adults of the migratory locust,Locusta migratoria,were subjected to food-mediated dehydration,and adipokinetic hormone(AKH)signaling was found to play a key role in regulating dehydration resistance.Specifically,dehydration shortened the lifespan,increased the body weight loss,and reduced the water loss rate in adult locusts.Global transcriptome profiles revealed variations in tissue-specific gene expression between dehydration-resistant locusts and normal locusts.Importantly,dehydration selection and exposure induced prominent expression of AKH genes in the retrocerebral complex of adult locusts.Furthermore,individual knockdown of AKH1,AKH2,or AKH receptor(AKHR)accelerated water loss and shortened the lifespan of adult locusts under dehydration conditions,and trehalose supplementation ameliorated the negative effects caused by interference with AKH or AKHR.These findings demonstrated that AKH/AKHR signaling-dependent trehalose metabolism plays a crucial role in regulating locust dehydration resistance and thus provide novel insights into the regulatory mechanism underlying drought resistance.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62205154 and 62205155)the Natural Science Research Start-up Foundation of Recruiting Talents of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications(Nos.NY221112 and NY222104)。
文摘X-ray detection plays a crucial role across various aspects of our daily lives,encompassing medical diagnoses,security screenings,and non-destructive examinations in industrial settings.Given the wide array of application contexts,a wealth of opportunities is entailed with the practical utilization of both organic and inorganic X-ray detection materials.A novel and promising contender in this realm is the emergence of metal-free organic halide perovskites(O-PVSKs),offering great opportunities and tremendous potential in X-ray detection.This potential can be attributed to the distinct crystalline configuration of O-PVSKs,where organic constituents are structured into an ABX3perovskite arrangement.Consequently,O-PVSKs exhibit captivating characteristics reminiscent of organic materials,such as lightweight nature and modifiability,all while retaining the distinctive traits associated with halide perovskites ranging from diverse structures to tunable optoelectronic properties.This review article delves into the intrinsic attributes of O-PVSKs and critically examines the viability of O-PVSKs in X-ray detection,through which key features that distinguish O-PVSKs from traditional organic semiconductors and perovskites are outlined.This is followed by a perspective given on their future avenues for exploration.
文摘HIGHLIGHTS The formation of peptide nanocapsules is facilitated by a gradient interface,where the differential solvent concentration drives the peptides to preferentially localize and assemble.The peptide nanocapsules,characterized by their hollow structures,demonstrated potential as carriers for targeted drug delivery.1 Introduction Peptide nanocapsules are a type of nanoscale delivery system that encapsulates active substances within a shell composed of peptides,leveraging the unique properties of peptides such as biocompatibility and biodegradability[1].Historically,the development of peptide nanocapsules was inspired primordially by the natural biological processes.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62375140 and 62001249)the Open Research Fund of National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures(Grant No.M36055).
文摘The vector vortex beam(VVB)has attracted significant attention due to its intrinsic diversity of information and has found great applications in both classical and quantum communications.However,a VVB is unavoidably affected by atmospheric turbulence(AT)when it propagates through the free-space optical communication environment,which results in detection errors at the receiver.In this paper,we propose a VVB classification scheme to detect VVBs with continuously changing polarization states under AT,where a diffractive deep neural network(DDNN)is designed and trained to classify the intensity distribution of the input distorted VVBs,and the horizontal direction of polarization of the input distorted beam is adopted as the feature for the classification through the DDNN.The numerical simulations and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme has high accuracy in classification tasks.The energy distribution percentage remains above 95%from weak to medium AT,and the classification accuracy can remain above 95%for various strengths of turbulence.It has a faster convergence and better accuracy than that based on a convolutional neural network.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51971070,10974037,and 62205011)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFA0200403)+6 种基金Eu-FP7 Project(No.247644)CAS Strategy Pilot Program(No.XDA 09020300)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.buctrc202122)the Open Research Project of Zhejiang province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device(No.20220401)the Open Research Project of Special Display and Imaging Technology Innovation Center of Anhui Province(No.2022AJ05001)funded by the Ph.D Foundation of Hebei University of Water Resources and Electric Engineering(No.SYBJ2202)Funded by Science and Technology Project of Hebei Education Department(No.BJK2022027)。
文摘Memristors as non-volatile memory devices have gained numerous attentions owing to their advantages in storage,in-memory computing, synaptic applications, etc. In recent years, two-dimensional(2D) materials with moderate defects have been discovered to exist memristive feature. However, it is very difficult to obtain moderate defect degree in 2D materials, and studied on modulation means and mechanism becomes urgent and essential. In this work, we realized memristive feature with a bipolar switching and a configurable on/off ratio in a two-terminal MoS_(2) device(on/off ratio ~100), for the first time, from absent to present using laser-modulation to few-layer defect-free MoS_(2)(about 10 layers), and its retention time in both high resistance state and low resistance state can reach 2×10^(4) s. The mechanism of the laser-induced memristive feature has been cleared by dynamic Monte Carlo simulations and first-principles calculations. Furthermore, we verified the universality of the laser-modulation by investigating other 2D materials of TMDs. Our work will open a route to modulate and optimize the performance of 2D semiconductor memristive devices.
文摘BACKGROUND Due to frequent and high-risk sports activities,the elbow joint is susceptible to injury,especially to cartilage tissue,which can cause pain,limited movement and even loss of joint function.AIM To evaluate magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)multisequence imaging for improving the diagnostic accuracy of adult elbow cartilage injury.METHODS A total of 60 patients diagnosed with elbow cartilage injury in our hospital from January 2020 to December 2021 were enrolled in this retrospective study.We analyzed the accuracy of conventional MRI sequences(T1-weighted imaging,T2-weighted imaging,proton density weighted imaging,and T2 star weighted image)and Three-Dimensional Coronary Imaging by Spiral Scanning(3D-CISS)in the diagnosis of elbow cartilage injury.Arthroscopy was used as the gold standard to evaluate the diagnostic effect of single and combination sequences in different injury degrees and the consistency with arthroscopy.RESULTS The diagnostic accuracy of 3D-CISS sequence was 89.34%±4.98%,the sensitivity was 90%,and the specificity was 88.33%,which showed the best performance among all sequences(P<0.05).The combined application of the whole sequence had the highest accuracy in all sequence combinations,the accuracy of mild injury was 91.30%,the accuracy of moderate injury was 96.15%,and the accuracy of severe injury was 93.33%(P<0.05).Compared with arthroscopy,the combination of all MRI sequences had the highest consistency of 91.67%,and the kappa value reached 0.890(P<0.001).CONCLUSION Combination of 3D-CISS and each sequence had significant advantages in improving MRI diagnostic accuracy of elbow cartilage injuries in adults.Multisequence MRI is recommended to ensure the best diagnosis and treatment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52004147,51974173)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2020QE129).
文摘Water content and primary fractures can change the mechanical characteristics of rock,making it easy to induce geological disasters.Therefore,direct shear tests of red sandstone under the action of water-fracture were carried out in this paper.The results show that shear strength of rock samples with fractures is less than that of intact rock samples.With the increase of primary fracture dip angle,shear strength and macroscopic crushing area of the rock sample increases first and then decreases with 20°as the boundary.It shows that the primary fractures weaken the shear mechanical properties and change the macroscopic failure mode.The shear performance of water-bearing rock samples is weaker than that of intact rock samples,and the weakening degree of water-saturated on shear performance of rock samples is lower than that of unsaturated water state.The fracture surfaces of rock samples are divided into‘shortest path single through type’,‘longest path single through type’and‘cross path through type’.The failured rock samples are divided into‘single through type’and‘cross through type’.The research results can provide reference for geological disaster management under relevant conditions.
