Attempts have been made to modulate motor sequence learning(MSL)through repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation,targeting different sites within the sensorimotor network.However,the target with the optimum modula...Attempts have been made to modulate motor sequence learning(MSL)through repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation,targeting different sites within the sensorimotor network.However,the target with the optimum modulatory effect on neural plasticity associated with MSL remains unclarified.This study was therefore designed to compare the role of the left primary motor cortex and the left supplementary motor area proper(SMAp)in modulating MSL across different complexity levels and for both hands,as well as the associated neuroplasticity by applying intermittent theta burst stimulation together with the electroencephalogram and concurrent transcranial magnetic stimulation.Our data demonstrated the role of SMAp stimulation in modulating neural communication to support MSL,which is achieved by facilitating regional activation and orchestrating neural coupling across distributed brain regions,particularly in interhemispheric connections.These findings may have important clinical implications,particularly for motor rehabilitation in populations such as post-stroke patients.展开更多
This paper investigated the use of magnesium phosphate cement (MPC) for solidifying sludge with different humic acid (HA) content (ranging from 0 to 4.5%) and explored the solidification mechanism. Fluidity, setting t...This paper investigated the use of magnesium phosphate cement (MPC) for solidifying sludge with different humic acid (HA) content (ranging from 0 to 4.5%) and explored the solidification mechanism. Fluidity, setting time, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), the strength formation mechanism, and the spontaneous imbibition process of solidified sludge (SS) were studied. The results indicate that MPC can be used as a low-alkalinity curing agent. As the HA content increases, fluidity and setting time also increase, while hydration temperature and strength decrease. Additionally, the failure mode of SS transitions from brittleness to ductility. The strength of SS is composed of the cementation strength provided by MPC hydration products, matric suction, osmotic suction, and the structural strength of the sludge. MPC reduces the structural strength caused by the shrinkage of pure sludge under the action of matric suction, but the incorporation of MPC significantly improved the strength when the sludge is eroded by water. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) show that the sludge and MPC can form a dense solid body, forming various hydration products, and synergistically improve the mechanical properties of the sludge.展开更多
Air-sea water vapor and CO_(2) flux observation experiments were carried out at the Yantai National Satellite Ocean Calibration Platform and the jetty at Monolithic Beach,Juehua Island,using a 100 Hz gas analyzer.The ...Air-sea water vapor and CO_(2) flux observation experiments were carried out at the Yantai National Satellite Ocean Calibration Platform and the jetty at Monolithic Beach,Juehua Island,using a 100 Hz gas analyzer.The observations were corrected by employing wild point rejection,linear detrending,delay correction,coordinate rotation,time matching,and Webb,Pearman,and Leuning(WPL)correction.The results of spectral analysis and a turbulence development adequacy data quality check showed that the overall observation data quality was good.The air-sea water vapor and CO_(2) flux results showed that the observation duration affected both the air-sea flux intensity and direction at different observation frequencies.At shorter observation durations,the air-sea flux values measured at 100 Hz were smaller than the 20 Hz measurements and had opposite directions.In addition,the WPL correction reduced the overall air-sea flux and partially minimized the effect of observation frequency on the air-sea flux intensity.These results showed that high-frequency observations showed more turbulence variations than low-frequency observations.This conclusion could promote an understanding of small-scale turbulence variations.展开更多
Federated Graph Neural Networks (FedGNNs) have achieved significant success in representation learning for graph data, enabling collaborative training among multiple parties without sharing their raw graph data and so...Federated Graph Neural Networks (FedGNNs) have achieved significant success in representation learning for graph data, enabling collaborative training among multiple parties without sharing their raw graph data and solving the data isolation problem faced by centralized GNNs in data-sensitive scenarios. Despite the plethora of prior work on inference attacks against centralized GNNs, the vulnerability of FedGNNs to inference attacks has not yet been widely explored. It is still unclear whether the privacy leakage risks of centralized GNNs will also be introduced in FedGNNs. To bridge this gap, we present PIAFGNN, the first property inference attack (PIA) against FedGNNs. Compared with prior works on centralized GNNs, in PIAFGNN, the attacker can only obtain the global embedding gradient distributed by the central server. The attacker converts the task of stealing the target user’s local embeddings into a regression problem, using a regression model to generate the target graph node embeddings. By training shadow models and property classifiers, the attacker can infer the basic property information within the target graph that is of interest. Experiments on three benchmark graph datasets demonstrate that PIAFGNN achieves attack accuracy of over 70% in most cases, even approaching the attack accuracy of inference attacks against centralized GNNs in some instances, which is much higher than the attack accuracy of the random guessing method. Furthermore, we observe that common defense mechanisms cannot mitigate our attack without affecting the model’s performance on mainly classification tasks.展开更多
Long-term intake of high-fat diet(HFD)leads to systemic hypo-inflammation,which is involved in the pathogenesis of many liver diseases.The aim of this study was to evaluate the interventional effect of inulin addition...Long-term intake of high-fat diet(HFD)leads to systemic hypo-inflammation,which is involved in the pathogenesis of many liver diseases.The aim of this study was to evaluate the interventional effect of inulin addition on HFD-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Here,we assessed liver inflammation and lipid metabolism by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)kits and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(q PCR),and explored its relationship with intestinal flora and metabolites by 16S r DNA gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomics.In addition,we determined the effect of the inositol-requiring enzyme-1α-X-box binding protein 1(IRE1α-XBP1)pathway on liver macrophage polarization by flow cytometry.In conclusion,our study has demonstrated that inulin ameliorates high levels of bile acids and colonic immune disorders induced by HFD,and improves hepatic macrophage polarization and hepatic lipid metabolism via the intestine-hepatic axis,thus providing a mechanistic basis for therapeutic approaches to modulate bile acids to improve colonic inflammation and NAFLD.展开更多
BACKGROUND Paraganglioma(PGL)is a neuroendocrine tumor originating from paraganglia that can occur in various locations,such as the head,neck,chest,abdomen,and pelvis.Retroperitoneal PGLs are rare,and recurrent cases ...BACKGROUND Paraganglioma(PGL)is a neuroendocrine tumor originating from paraganglia that can occur in various locations,such as the head,neck,chest,abdomen,and pelvis.Retroperitoneal PGLs are rare,and recurrent cases in this area are partic-ularly uncommon,posing considerable surgical complexities.Owing to their neu-roendocrine activity,PGLs are capable of secreting hormones like catecholamines,thereby presenting significant challenges in hemodynamic management during the perioperative period.CASE SUMMARY We report a 64-year-old man with a recurrent retroperitoneal PGL.The patient underwent retroperitoneal mass resection in 2013,with postoperative pathology revealing a PGL.Regular follow-up was not conducted until April 2024,when a computed tomography scan revealed a huge mass in the retroperitoneum,closely adjacent to the abdominal aorta.Laboratory examinations revealed elevated levels of catecholamines in the patient's blood serum.Upon admission,volume expan-sion and blood pressure(BP)monitoring were carried out for one week,with catecholamine levels reviewed and normalized.Adequate preoperative prepa-ration was conducted,including central venous access,arterial BP monitoring,and the preparation of vasoactive agents.During tumor resection,the patient ex-perienced acute,significant fluctuations in BP.The timely intervention of the anesthesiologist stabilized the BP,facilitating the successful resection of the tumor which was confirmed as a recurrent PGL.Postoperative follow-up revealed no evidence of tumor residual or recurrence.CONCLUSION PGL recurrence is rare but non-negligible.PGLs adjacent to major arteries com-plicate surgery,and perioperative hemodynamic stability demands meticulous attention.Core Tip:Recurrent retroperitoneal paragangliomas are infrequent but pose substantial surgical challenges,particularly when located adjacent to critical vascular structures such as the abdominal aorta.Effective perioperative management of he-modynamic fluctuations,driven by catecholamine secretion,requires meticulous preoperative planning,including volume expansion,blood pressure monitoring,and vasoactive agent preparation.Surgical intervention demands prompt and coordinated anesthetic support to stabilize hemodynamics,ensuring successful tumor resection.Given the potential for late recurrence,long-term follow-up is essential for early detection and management of asymptomatic recurrences.INTRODUCTION Paraganglioma(PGL)is a neuroendocrine tumor originating from paraganglia,which are associated with the autonomic nervous system[1].These tumors arise from chromaffin cells or similar cells capable of secreting catecholamines,such as adrenaline and noradrenaline.PGLs manifest in various anatomical locations,including the head,neck,chest,abdomen,and pelvis,and are characterized by neurosecretory and chief cells surrounded by prominent vascular stroma.Although typically benign,malignant forms of PGL are also recognized,and they may exhibit a tendency for recurrence or me-tastasis[2].PGLs located in the retroperitoneum are relatively uncommon and present greater surgical challenges because of their complex anatomical location near vital organs and major blood vessels.Their catecholamine-secreting nature further complicates the maintenance of hemodynamic stability during the perioperative period.In May 2024,a patient with recurrent retroperitoneal PGL was admitted to our hospital,and the details are reported below.展开更多
Because the grinding temperature is high when grinding using conventional disordered grinding wheels,the grinding quality improvement is limited when using single abrasive ordered grinding wheels,and the wheel prepara...Because the grinding temperature is high when grinding using conventional disordered grinding wheels,the grinding quality improvement is limited when using single abrasive ordered grinding wheels,and the wheel preparation process is complex and costly when using microstructured grinding wheels,abrasive groups ordered grinding wheels are widely investigated.However,there is a paucity of systematic analyses and comprehensive reviews focused on abrasive groups ordered grinding wheels.Therefore,this paper defines abrasive groups ordered grinding wheels and classifies them,based on their unique characteristics,into groups such as abrasive blocks ordered grinding wheel,fine grain structured grinding wheel,abrasive clusters ordered grinding wheel,and abrasive fibers ordered grinding wheel.We provide an overview of the latest advances in wheel structures,preparation methods,and abrasive selection for various types of abrasive groups ordered grinding wheels.Furthermore,we conduct a comparative analysis of the existing types,significant advantages,and challenges associated with the four types of abrasive groups ordered grinding wheels.Looking ahead,given the potential of abrasive groups ordered grinding wheels in reducing grinding force and temperature,we recommend further exploration of their application in combination with special processing techniques.This could pave the way for the development of machining processes that are more environmentally friendly,energy-efficient,and precise.展开更多
Addressing the current issues in construction site detection algorithms—such as missed detections,false positives,and high model complexity—caused by occlusions and scale variations in dense environments.This paper ...Addressing the current issues in construction site detection algorithms—such as missed detections,false positives,and high model complexity—caused by occlusions and scale variations in dense environments.This paper proposes a lightweight multi-object detection model for construction sites based on YOLO-World,named the LCS-YOLO model,to achieve a balance between detection efficiency and accuracy.We propose the RGNet(Re-parameterization GhostNet)module,which integrates re-parameterized convolutions and a multi-branch architecture.This approach addresses the issue of information redundancy in intermediate feature maps while enhancing feature extraction and gradient flow capabilities.Combined with the adaptive downsampling module ADown(Adaptive Downsampling),it better captures image features and achieves spatial compression,reducing model complexity while enhancing interaction between images and text.Experiments demonstrate that the LCS-YOLO model outperforms other comparison models in overall performance,achieving a balance between accuracy and efficiency.展开更多
BACKGROUND Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(ICC)is a highly malignant liver cancer subtype with limited effective treatment options.Emerging evidence suggests that inflammatory factors play a critical role in ICC progr...BACKGROUND Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(ICC)is a highly malignant liver cancer subtype with limited effective treatment options.Emerging evidence suggests that inflammatory factors play a critical role in ICC progression within the tumor microenvironment(TME).However,causal relationships between specific inflammatory factors and ICC risk remain unclear.AIM To investigate the causal relationship between inflammatory factors and ICC.METHODS This study used Mendelian randomization(MR)and Bayesian weighted MR(BWMR)analyses to investigate the causal impact of inflammatory factors on ICC risk.Genetic data from genome-wide association studies were utilized to identify and validate instrumental variables for 91 inflammatory factors,followed by sensitivity analyses to ensure robustness.RESULTS MR analysis identified significant associations between elevated levels of artemin and matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-10 and increased ICC risk.BWMR and meta-MR analysis results validated these associations.Sensitivity analyses confirmed the stability of these findings,indicating that specific inflammatory factors may contribute causally to ICC development.CONCLUSION This study provides evidence that certain inflammatory factors,particularly artemin and MMP-10,are causally linked to ICC risk,identifying them as potential risk factors and therapeutic targeting.These findings enhance the understanding of the inflammatory components of the TME in ICC,supporting the development of targeted intervention strategies.展开更多
This paper experimentally investigates the wave pressure and pore pressure within a sandy seabed around two pipelines under the action of random waves(currents).The experiments revealed that when the random wave plus ...This paper experimentally investigates the wave pressure and pore pressure within a sandy seabed around two pipelines under the action of random waves(currents).The experiments revealed that when the random wave plus current cases are compared with the random wave-only case,the forward current promotes wave propagation,whereas the reversed backward current inhibits wave propagation.Furthermore,the wave pressure on the downstream pipeline decreases as the relative spacing ratio increases and increases as the diameter increases.However,alterations in the relative spacing ratio or dimensions of the downstream pipeline exert a negligible influence on the wave pressure of the upstream pipeline.Moreover,the relative spacing ratio between the pipelines and the dimensions of the pipelines considerably influence the pore pressure in the sand bed.When the relative spacing ratio remains constant,increasing the downstream pipeline diameter will increase the pore-water pressure of the soil below the downstream pipeline.展开更多
The structural integrity of the interface between a concrete plug and the surrounding rock may be compromised during frequent cycles of air charging,discharging,and storage,which is typical of compressed air energy st...The structural integrity of the interface between a concrete plug and the surrounding rock may be compromised during frequent cycles of air charging,discharging,and storage,which is typical of compressed air energy storage systems in abandoned mines.To investigate this,nitrogen permeability tests were conducted on the interface samples of rockeconcrete interface in both consolidated and unconsolidated states under cyclic loading.The variations in the flow rate throughout the permeability process under different cycle numbers and load range conditions were investigated.The microscopic analysis at the interfaces was imaged using computed tomography scanning.The results indicated that the gas permeability of the cemented interfaces with different roughness values varied with confining pressure ranging from 10^(-13) m^(2) to 10^(-12) m^(2),whereas that of the non-cemented interfaces ranged from 10^(-12) m^(2) to 10^(-11) m^(2).A larger load variation range encompassed the permeability variation characteristics within a smaller variation range.The evolution pattern of the permeability ratio with the number of cycles was influenced by the inlet pressure.The greater the inlet pressure,the larger the increment ratio of the permeability.The permeability change patterns of interfaces with different roughness values were similar.Microscopic analysis revealed that pores inside the concrete were connected to the interface gaps.Under the coupling of stress and gas pressure,the gas could penetrate the crack tips or pores,accelerating the development of microcracks during the cyclic opening and closing of the pores.This study provides valuable insights into the safe long-term operation of underground high-pressure air storage.展开更多
Rice blast caused by <em>Magnaporthe oryzae</em> (<em>M. oryzae</em>) is one of the most destructive diseases, which causes significant rice yield losses and affects global food security. To be...Rice blast caused by <em>Magnaporthe oryzae</em> (<em>M. oryzae</em>) is one of the most destructive diseases, which causes significant rice yield losses and affects global food security. To better understand genetic variations among different isolates of <em>M. oryzae</em> in the nature field, we re-sequenced and analyzed the genomes of three field isolates, QJ08-2006, QJ10-10, and QJ10-3001, which showed distinct pathogenicity on Xin-Yin-Zhan, an elite variety in South China. Genome annotation indicated that these three isolates assemblies have similar genome sizes with 38.4 Mb, 38.3 Mb, and 38.4 Mb, respectively. The QJ08-2006 assembly has 2082 contigs with an N50 of 127.4 kb, the QJ10-10 assembly has 2239 contigs with an N50 of 105.13 kb, the QJ10-3001 assembly has 2025 contigs with an N50 of 133.16 kb. A total of 10,432 genes including 1408 putative secreted protein genes were identified from the annotated isolate QJ08-2006 genome, 10,418 genes including 1410 putative secreted protein genes were identified in QJ10-10, and 10,401 genes including 1420 putative secreted protein genes were identified in QJ10-3001. There are as many as 11,076 identical genes in these three isolates and contained only a few unique genes among three isolates, of which 277 unique genes in QJ08-2006 and 264 unique genes in QJ10-10, and 213 unique genes in QJ10-3001. Most of the predicted secreted protein genes had been identified, and the three re-sequenced strains contained 371, 369, and 387 small Indel, respectively. <em>Avr </em>genes were analyzed in several sequenced <em>Magnaporthe</em> strains, the results revealed that <em>Avr-Pi9</em> and <em>Avr-Piz-t </em>were present in all the sequenced isolates. The isolates QJ08-2006 contained <em>AvrPib</em>, QJ10-10, and QJ10-3001 had an insertion of a Pot3 element in the promoter of the <em>AvrPib</em> gene. Our results showed that, the rapid dominancy of virulence mutant isolates via clonal propagation displayed in the field after the release of the elite variety Xin-Yin-Zhan.展开更多
Grid-level large-scale electrical energy storage(GLEES) is an essential approach for balancing the supply–demand of electricity generation, distribution, and usage. Compared with conventional energy storage methods, ...Grid-level large-scale electrical energy storage(GLEES) is an essential approach for balancing the supply–demand of electricity generation, distribution, and usage. Compared with conventional energy storage methods, battery technologies are desirable energy storage devices for GLEES due to their easy modularization, rapid response, flexible installation, and short construction cycles. In general, battery energy storage technologies are expected to meet the requirements of GLEES such as peak shaving and load leveling, voltage and frequency regulation, and emergency response, which are highlighted in this perspective. Furthermore, several types of battery technologies, including lead–acid, nickel–cadmium, nickel–metal hydride, sodium–sulfur, lithium-ion, and flow batteries, are discussed in detail for the application of GLEES. Moreover, some possible developing directions to facilitate efforts in this area are presented to establish a perspective on battery technology, provide a road map for guiding future studies, and promote the commercial application of batteries for GLEES.展开更多
In the electrical energy transformation process,the grid-level energy storage system plays an essential role in balancing power generation and utilization.Batteries have considerable potential for application to grid-...In the electrical energy transformation process,the grid-level energy storage system plays an essential role in balancing power generation and utilization.Batteries have considerable potential for application to grid-level energy storage systems because of their rapid response,modularization,and flexible installation.Among several battery technologies,lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)exhibit high energy efficiency,long cycle life,and relatively high energy density.In this perspective,the properties of LIBs,including their operation mechanism,battery design and construction,and advantages and disadvantages,have been analyzed in detail.Moreover,the performance of LIBs applied to grid-level energy storage systems is analyzed in terms of the following grid services:(1)frequency regulation;(2)peak shifting;(3)integration with renewable energy sources;and(4)power management.In addition,the challenges encountered in the application of LIBs are discussed and possible research directions aimed at overcoming these challenges are proposed to provide insight into the development of grid-level energy storage systems.展开更多
Objective:To describe the characteristics of the clinical presentation,diagnosis,surgical methods,and outcomes of patients with otogenic cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)leakage secondary to congenital inner ear dysplasia.Meth...Objective:To describe the characteristics of the clinical presentation,diagnosis,surgical methods,and outcomes of patients with otogenic cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)leakage secondary to congenital inner ear dysplasia.Methods:A retrospective review was performed of 18 patients with otogenic CSF leakage secondary to inner ear dysplasia who underwent surgery in our group from 2007 to 2017 and had a follow-up of at least 4 months.The average length of follow-up was three years.The characteristics of the clinical presentations of all patients,such as self-reported symptoms,radiographic findings,surgical approaches and methods of repair,position of the leakage during surgery,and postoperative course,including the success rate of surgery,are presented.Results:The patients presented mostly with typical symptoms of meningitis,severe hearing impairment,and CSF otorrhea or rhinorrhea.All 18 patients had at least one previous episode of meningitis accompanied by a severe hearing impairment.The preoperative audiograms of 17 patients showed profound sensorineural hearing loss,and one patient had conductive hearing loss.Twelve patients presented with an initial onset of otorrhea,and two had accompanying rhinorrhea.Six patients complained of rhinorrhea,two of whom were misdiagnosed with CSF rhinorrhea and underwent transnasal endoscopy at another hospital.High-resolution computed tomography(HRCT)images can reveal developments in the inner ear,such as expansion of a vestibular cyst,unclear structure of the semicircular canal or cochlea,or signs of effusion in the middle ear or mastoid,which strongly suggest the possibility of CSF otorrhea.The children in the study suffered more severe dysplasia than adults.All 18 patients had CSF leakage identified during surgery.The most common defect sites were in the stapes footplates(55.6%),and 38.9%of patients had a leak around the oval window.One patient had a return of CSF otorrhea during the postoperative period,which did not re-occur following a second repair.Conclusions:CSF otorrhea due to congenital inner ear dysplasia is more severe in children than in adults.The most common symptoms were meningitis,hearing impairment,and CSF otorrhea or rhinorrhea.HRCT has high diagnostic accuracy for this disease.The most common fistula site was around the oval window,including the stapes footplates and the annular ligament.展开更多
To identify the clinical features and independent predictors of survival in patients with bone metastases from prostate cancer （PCa）. We retrospectively analysed 115 PCa patients with bone metastases between 1997 an...To identify the clinical features and independent predictors of survival in patients with bone metastases from prostate cancer （PCa）. We retrospectively analysed 115 PCa patients with bone metastases between 1997 and 2009. The overall survival rate after bone metastases was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The prognostic factors were identified by univariate analysis using a log-rank test and by multivariate analysis using Cox proportional hazards regression models. The follow-up rate was 100%, the follow-up cases during 1, 3 and 5 years were 103, 79 and 55, respectively. The 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates were 89.1%, 60.9% and 49.8%, respectively, with a median survival time of 48.5 months for patients with bone metastases from PCa. In univariate analysis, age, Gleason score, clinical stage, the number of bone lesions, alkaline phosphatase （ALP） level, invasion of neighbouring organs and non-regional lymph node metastases were correlated with prognosis. By multivariate analysis using Cox regression, ALP level, Gleason score and non-regional lymph node metastases were independent prognostic factors. These prognostic factors will help us to determine the appropriate dose and fraction of radiotherapy for these patients.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(LGJ22H180001)Zhejiang Medical and Health Science and Technology Project(2021KY249)the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFC1310000).
文摘Attempts have been made to modulate motor sequence learning(MSL)through repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation,targeting different sites within the sensorimotor network.However,the target with the optimum modulatory effect on neural plasticity associated with MSL remains unclarified.This study was therefore designed to compare the role of the left primary motor cortex and the left supplementary motor area proper(SMAp)in modulating MSL across different complexity levels and for both hands,as well as the associated neuroplasticity by applying intermittent theta burst stimulation together with the electroencephalogram and concurrent transcranial magnetic stimulation.Our data demonstrated the role of SMAp stimulation in modulating neural communication to support MSL,which is achieved by facilitating regional activation and orchestrating neural coupling across distributed brain regions,particularly in interhemispheric connections.These findings may have important clinical implications,particularly for motor rehabilitation in populations such as post-stroke patients.
基金This research work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51972209).
文摘This paper investigated the use of magnesium phosphate cement (MPC) for solidifying sludge with different humic acid (HA) content (ranging from 0 to 4.5%) and explored the solidification mechanism. Fluidity, setting time, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), the strength formation mechanism, and the spontaneous imbibition process of solidified sludge (SS) were studied. The results indicate that MPC can be used as a low-alkalinity curing agent. As the HA content increases, fluidity and setting time also increase, while hydration temperature and strength decrease. Additionally, the failure mode of SS transitions from brittleness to ductility. The strength of SS is composed of the cementation strength provided by MPC hydration products, matric suction, osmotic suction, and the structural strength of the sludge. MPC reduces the structural strength caused by the shrinkage of pure sludge under the action of matric suction, but the incorporation of MPC significantly improved the strength when the sludge is eroded by water. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) show that the sludge and MPC can form a dense solid body, forming various hydration products, and synergistically improve the mechanical properties of the sludge.
基金The National Key Research and Development Program of China under contract Nos 2022YFC3104203 and 2018YFC0213103the Science Foundation of Donghai Laboratory under contract No.DH-2022KF01019+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation under contract No.419061522023 Shanghai Education Science Research Project under contract No.C2023120.
文摘Air-sea water vapor and CO_(2) flux observation experiments were carried out at the Yantai National Satellite Ocean Calibration Platform and the jetty at Monolithic Beach,Juehua Island,using a 100 Hz gas analyzer.The observations were corrected by employing wild point rejection,linear detrending,delay correction,coordinate rotation,time matching,and Webb,Pearman,and Leuning(WPL)correction.The results of spectral analysis and a turbulence development adequacy data quality check showed that the overall observation data quality was good.The air-sea water vapor and CO_(2) flux results showed that the observation duration affected both the air-sea flux intensity and direction at different observation frequencies.At shorter observation durations,the air-sea flux values measured at 100 Hz were smaller than the 20 Hz measurements and had opposite directions.In addition,the WPL correction reduced the overall air-sea flux and partially minimized the effect of observation frequency on the air-sea flux intensity.These results showed that high-frequency observations showed more turbulence variations than low-frequency observations.This conclusion could promote an understanding of small-scale turbulence variations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62176122 and 62061146002).
文摘Federated Graph Neural Networks (FedGNNs) have achieved significant success in representation learning for graph data, enabling collaborative training among multiple parties without sharing their raw graph data and solving the data isolation problem faced by centralized GNNs in data-sensitive scenarios. Despite the plethora of prior work on inference attacks against centralized GNNs, the vulnerability of FedGNNs to inference attacks has not yet been widely explored. It is still unclear whether the privacy leakage risks of centralized GNNs will also be introduced in FedGNNs. To bridge this gap, we present PIAFGNN, the first property inference attack (PIA) against FedGNNs. Compared with prior works on centralized GNNs, in PIAFGNN, the attacker can only obtain the global embedding gradient distributed by the central server. The attacker converts the task of stealing the target user’s local embeddings into a regression problem, using a regression model to generate the target graph node embeddings. By training shadow models and property classifiers, the attacker can infer the basic property information within the target graph that is of interest. Experiments on three benchmark graph datasets demonstrate that PIAFGNN achieves attack accuracy of over 70% in most cases, even approaching the attack accuracy of inference attacks against centralized GNNs in some instances, which is much higher than the attack accuracy of the random guessing method. Furthermore, we observe that common defense mechanisms cannot mitigate our attack without affecting the model’s performance on mainly classification tasks.
基金supported by the projects of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901701)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFC1606704)+1 种基金Key R&D Program Project of Shaanxi Province(2024NC-YBXM-151-4)Science and Technology Plan Project of Xi'an(2014JH-NYYB-0103)。
文摘Long-term intake of high-fat diet(HFD)leads to systemic hypo-inflammation,which is involved in the pathogenesis of many liver diseases.The aim of this study was to evaluate the interventional effect of inulin addition on HFD-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Here,we assessed liver inflammation and lipid metabolism by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)kits and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(q PCR),and explored its relationship with intestinal flora and metabolites by 16S r DNA gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomics.In addition,we determined the effect of the inositol-requiring enzyme-1α-X-box binding protein 1(IRE1α-XBP1)pathway on liver macrophage polarization by flow cytometry.In conclusion,our study has demonstrated that inulin ameliorates high levels of bile acids and colonic immune disorders induced by HFD,and improves hepatic macrophage polarization and hepatic lipid metabolism via the intestine-hepatic axis,thus providing a mechanistic basis for therapeutic approaches to modulate bile acids to improve colonic inflammation and NAFLD.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China,No.LQ21H020007.
文摘BACKGROUND Paraganglioma(PGL)is a neuroendocrine tumor originating from paraganglia that can occur in various locations,such as the head,neck,chest,abdomen,and pelvis.Retroperitoneal PGLs are rare,and recurrent cases in this area are partic-ularly uncommon,posing considerable surgical complexities.Owing to their neu-roendocrine activity,PGLs are capable of secreting hormones like catecholamines,thereby presenting significant challenges in hemodynamic management during the perioperative period.CASE SUMMARY We report a 64-year-old man with a recurrent retroperitoneal PGL.The patient underwent retroperitoneal mass resection in 2013,with postoperative pathology revealing a PGL.Regular follow-up was not conducted until April 2024,when a computed tomography scan revealed a huge mass in the retroperitoneum,closely adjacent to the abdominal aorta.Laboratory examinations revealed elevated levels of catecholamines in the patient's blood serum.Upon admission,volume expan-sion and blood pressure(BP)monitoring were carried out for one week,with catecholamine levels reviewed and normalized.Adequate preoperative prepa-ration was conducted,including central venous access,arterial BP monitoring,and the preparation of vasoactive agents.During tumor resection,the patient ex-perienced acute,significant fluctuations in BP.The timely intervention of the anesthesiologist stabilized the BP,facilitating the successful resection of the tumor which was confirmed as a recurrent PGL.Postoperative follow-up revealed no evidence of tumor residual or recurrence.CONCLUSION PGL recurrence is rare but non-negligible.PGLs adjacent to major arteries com-plicate surgery,and perioperative hemodynamic stability demands meticulous attention.Core Tip:Recurrent retroperitoneal paragangliomas are infrequent but pose substantial surgical challenges,particularly when located adjacent to critical vascular structures such as the abdominal aorta.Effective perioperative management of he-modynamic fluctuations,driven by catecholamine secretion,requires meticulous preoperative planning,including volume expansion,blood pressure monitoring,and vasoactive agent preparation.Surgical intervention demands prompt and coordinated anesthetic support to stabilize hemodynamics,ensuring successful tumor resection.Given the potential for late recurrence,long-term follow-up is essential for early detection and management of asymptomatic recurrences.INTRODUCTION Paraganglioma(PGL)is a neuroendocrine tumor originating from paraganglia,which are associated with the autonomic nervous system[1].These tumors arise from chromaffin cells or similar cells capable of secreting catecholamines,such as adrenaline and noradrenaline.PGLs manifest in various anatomical locations,including the head,neck,chest,abdomen,and pelvis,and are characterized by neurosecretory and chief cells surrounded by prominent vascular stroma.Although typically benign,malignant forms of PGL are also recognized,and they may exhibit a tendency for recurrence or me-tastasis[2].PGLs located in the retroperitoneum are relatively uncommon and present greater surgical challenges because of their complex anatomical location near vital organs and major blood vessels.Their catecholamine-secreting nature further complicates the maintenance of hemodynamic stability during the perioperative period.In May 2024,a patient with recurrent retroperitoneal PGL was admitted to our hospital,and the details are reported below.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52175401)Hunan Provincial Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project(Grant No.QL20230244)+1 种基金Enterprise Innovation and Development Joint Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U20B2032)Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Program(Grant No.2022RC1050).
文摘Because the grinding temperature is high when grinding using conventional disordered grinding wheels,the grinding quality improvement is limited when using single abrasive ordered grinding wheels,and the wheel preparation process is complex and costly when using microstructured grinding wheels,abrasive groups ordered grinding wheels are widely investigated.However,there is a paucity of systematic analyses and comprehensive reviews focused on abrasive groups ordered grinding wheels.Therefore,this paper defines abrasive groups ordered grinding wheels and classifies them,based on their unique characteristics,into groups such as abrasive blocks ordered grinding wheel,fine grain structured grinding wheel,abrasive clusters ordered grinding wheel,and abrasive fibers ordered grinding wheel.We provide an overview of the latest advances in wheel structures,preparation methods,and abrasive selection for various types of abrasive groups ordered grinding wheels.Furthermore,we conduct a comparative analysis of the existing types,significant advantages,and challenges associated with the four types of abrasive groups ordered grinding wheels.Looking ahead,given the potential of abrasive groups ordered grinding wheels in reducing grinding force and temperature,we recommend further exploration of their application in combination with special processing techniques.This could pave the way for the development of machining processes that are more environmentally friendly,energy-efficient,and precise.
文摘Addressing the current issues in construction site detection algorithms—such as missed detections,false positives,and high model complexity—caused by occlusions and scale variations in dense environments.This paper proposes a lightweight multi-object detection model for construction sites based on YOLO-World,named the LCS-YOLO model,to achieve a balance between detection efficiency and accuracy.We propose the RGNet(Re-parameterization GhostNet)module,which integrates re-parameterized convolutions and a multi-branch architecture.This approach addresses the issue of information redundancy in intermediate feature maps while enhancing feature extraction and gradient flow capabilities.Combined with the adaptive downsampling module ADown(Adaptive Downsampling),it better captures image features and achieves spatial compression,reducing model complexity while enhancing interaction between images and text.Experiments demonstrate that the LCS-YOLO model outperforms other comparison models in overall performance,achieving a balance between accuracy and efficiency.
基金Supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2021YFA1301104.
文摘BACKGROUND Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(ICC)is a highly malignant liver cancer subtype with limited effective treatment options.Emerging evidence suggests that inflammatory factors play a critical role in ICC progression within the tumor microenvironment(TME).However,causal relationships between specific inflammatory factors and ICC risk remain unclear.AIM To investigate the causal relationship between inflammatory factors and ICC.METHODS This study used Mendelian randomization(MR)and Bayesian weighted MR(BWMR)analyses to investigate the causal impact of inflammatory factors on ICC risk.Genetic data from genome-wide association studies were utilized to identify and validate instrumental variables for 91 inflammatory factors,followed by sensitivity analyses to ensure robustness.RESULTS MR analysis identified significant associations between elevated levels of artemin and matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-10 and increased ICC risk.BWMR and meta-MR analysis results validated these associations.Sensitivity analyses confirmed the stability of these findings,indicating that specific inflammatory factors may contribute causally to ICC development.CONCLUSION This study provides evidence that certain inflammatory factors,particularly artemin and MMP-10,are causally linked to ICC risk,identifying them as potential risk factors and therapeutic targeting.These findings enhance the understanding of the inflammatory components of the TME in ICC,supporting the development of targeted intervention strategies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52271281)Shandong Provincial High-Level Talent Workstation,Shandong Province Natural Science Foundation Youth project(Grant No.ZR2023QE190)an Open funding project from the Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal Disaster and Protection,Hohai University,China(Grant No.202206).
文摘This paper experimentally investigates the wave pressure and pore pressure within a sandy seabed around two pipelines under the action of random waves(currents).The experiments revealed that when the random wave plus current cases are compared with the random wave-only case,the forward current promotes wave propagation,whereas the reversed backward current inhibits wave propagation.Furthermore,the wave pressure on the downstream pipeline decreases as the relative spacing ratio increases and increases as the diameter increases.However,alterations in the relative spacing ratio or dimensions of the downstream pipeline exert a negligible influence on the wave pressure of the upstream pipeline.Moreover,the relative spacing ratio between the pipelines and the dimensions of the pipelines considerably influence the pore pressure in the sand bed.When the relative spacing ratio remains constant,increasing the downstream pipeline diameter will increase the pore-water pressure of the soil below the downstream pipeline.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52409132)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2024M751813)the Major key technical research projects of Shandong Energy Group(Grant No.SNKJ2023A07-R14).
文摘The structural integrity of the interface between a concrete plug and the surrounding rock may be compromised during frequent cycles of air charging,discharging,and storage,which is typical of compressed air energy storage systems in abandoned mines.To investigate this,nitrogen permeability tests were conducted on the interface samples of rockeconcrete interface in both consolidated and unconsolidated states under cyclic loading.The variations in the flow rate throughout the permeability process under different cycle numbers and load range conditions were investigated.The microscopic analysis at the interfaces was imaged using computed tomography scanning.The results indicated that the gas permeability of the cemented interfaces with different roughness values varied with confining pressure ranging from 10^(-13) m^(2) to 10^(-12) m^(2),whereas that of the non-cemented interfaces ranged from 10^(-12) m^(2) to 10^(-11) m^(2).A larger load variation range encompassed the permeability variation characteristics within a smaller variation range.The evolution pattern of the permeability ratio with the number of cycles was influenced by the inlet pressure.The greater the inlet pressure,the larger the increment ratio of the permeability.The permeability change patterns of interfaces with different roughness values were similar.Microscopic analysis revealed that pores inside the concrete were connected to the interface gaps.Under the coupling of stress and gas pressure,the gas could penetrate the crack tips or pores,accelerating the development of microcracks during the cyclic opening and closing of the pores.This study provides valuable insights into the safe long-term operation of underground high-pressure air storage.
文摘Rice blast caused by <em>Magnaporthe oryzae</em> (<em>M. oryzae</em>) is one of the most destructive diseases, which causes significant rice yield losses and affects global food security. To better understand genetic variations among different isolates of <em>M. oryzae</em> in the nature field, we re-sequenced and analyzed the genomes of three field isolates, QJ08-2006, QJ10-10, and QJ10-3001, which showed distinct pathogenicity on Xin-Yin-Zhan, an elite variety in South China. Genome annotation indicated that these three isolates assemblies have similar genome sizes with 38.4 Mb, 38.3 Mb, and 38.4 Mb, respectively. The QJ08-2006 assembly has 2082 contigs with an N50 of 127.4 kb, the QJ10-10 assembly has 2239 contigs with an N50 of 105.13 kb, the QJ10-3001 assembly has 2025 contigs with an N50 of 133.16 kb. A total of 10,432 genes including 1408 putative secreted protein genes were identified from the annotated isolate QJ08-2006 genome, 10,418 genes including 1410 putative secreted protein genes were identified in QJ10-10, and 10,401 genes including 1420 putative secreted protein genes were identified in QJ10-3001. There are as many as 11,076 identical genes in these three isolates and contained only a few unique genes among three isolates, of which 277 unique genes in QJ08-2006 and 264 unique genes in QJ10-10, and 213 unique genes in QJ10-3001. Most of the predicted secreted protein genes had been identified, and the three re-sequenced strains contained 371, 369, and 387 small Indel, respectively. <em>Avr </em>genes were analyzed in several sequenced <em>Magnaporthe</em> strains, the results revealed that <em>Avr-Pi9</em> and <em>Avr-Piz-t </em>were present in all the sequenced isolates. The isolates QJ08-2006 contained <em>AvrPib</em>, QJ10-10, and QJ10-3001 had an insertion of a Pot3 element in the promoter of the <em>AvrPib</em> gene. Our results showed that, the rapid dominancy of virulence mutant isolates via clonal propagation displayed in the field after the release of the elite variety Xin-Yin-Zhan.
文摘Grid-level large-scale electrical energy storage(GLEES) is an essential approach for balancing the supply–demand of electricity generation, distribution, and usage. Compared with conventional energy storage methods, battery technologies are desirable energy storage devices for GLEES due to their easy modularization, rapid response, flexible installation, and short construction cycles. In general, battery energy storage technologies are expected to meet the requirements of GLEES such as peak shaving and load leveling, voltage and frequency regulation, and emergency response, which are highlighted in this perspective. Furthermore, several types of battery technologies, including lead–acid, nickel–cadmium, nickel–metal hydride, sodium–sulfur, lithium-ion, and flow batteries, are discussed in detail for the application of GLEES. Moreover, some possible developing directions to facilitate efforts in this area are presented to establish a perspective on battery technology, provide a road map for guiding future studies, and promote the commercial application of batteries for GLEES.
文摘In the electrical energy transformation process,the grid-level energy storage system plays an essential role in balancing power generation and utilization.Batteries have considerable potential for application to grid-level energy storage systems because of their rapid response,modularization,and flexible installation.Among several battery technologies,lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)exhibit high energy efficiency,long cycle life,and relatively high energy density.In this perspective,the properties of LIBs,including their operation mechanism,battery design and construction,and advantages and disadvantages,have been analyzed in detail.Moreover,the performance of LIBs applied to grid-level energy storage systems is analyzed in terms of the following grid services:(1)frequency regulation;(2)peak shifting;(3)integration with renewable energy sources;and(4)power management.In addition,the challenges encountered in the application of LIBs are discussed and possible research directions aimed at overcoming these challenges are proposed to provide insight into the development of grid-level energy storage systems.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81570914 and 81700925)
文摘Objective:To describe the characteristics of the clinical presentation,diagnosis,surgical methods,and outcomes of patients with otogenic cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)leakage secondary to congenital inner ear dysplasia.Methods:A retrospective review was performed of 18 patients with otogenic CSF leakage secondary to inner ear dysplasia who underwent surgery in our group from 2007 to 2017 and had a follow-up of at least 4 months.The average length of follow-up was three years.The characteristics of the clinical presentations of all patients,such as self-reported symptoms,radiographic findings,surgical approaches and methods of repair,position of the leakage during surgery,and postoperative course,including the success rate of surgery,are presented.Results:The patients presented mostly with typical symptoms of meningitis,severe hearing impairment,and CSF otorrhea or rhinorrhea.All 18 patients had at least one previous episode of meningitis accompanied by a severe hearing impairment.The preoperative audiograms of 17 patients showed profound sensorineural hearing loss,and one patient had conductive hearing loss.Twelve patients presented with an initial onset of otorrhea,and two had accompanying rhinorrhea.Six patients complained of rhinorrhea,two of whom were misdiagnosed with CSF rhinorrhea and underwent transnasal endoscopy at another hospital.High-resolution computed tomography(HRCT)images can reveal developments in the inner ear,such as expansion of a vestibular cyst,unclear structure of the semicircular canal or cochlea,or signs of effusion in the middle ear or mastoid,which strongly suggest the possibility of CSF otorrhea.The children in the study suffered more severe dysplasia than adults.All 18 patients had CSF leakage identified during surgery.The most common defect sites were in the stapes footplates(55.6%),and 38.9%of patients had a leak around the oval window.One patient had a return of CSF otorrhea during the postoperative period,which did not re-occur following a second repair.Conclusions:CSF otorrhea due to congenital inner ear dysplasia is more severe in children than in adults.The most common symptoms were meningitis,hearing impairment,and CSF otorrhea or rhinorrhea.HRCT has high diagnostic accuracy for this disease.The most common fistula site was around the oval window,including the stapes footplates and the annular ligament.
文摘To identify the clinical features and independent predictors of survival in patients with bone metastases from prostate cancer （PCa）. We retrospectively analysed 115 PCa patients with bone metastases between 1997 and 2009. The overall survival rate after bone metastases was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The prognostic factors were identified by univariate analysis using a log-rank test and by multivariate analysis using Cox proportional hazards regression models. The follow-up rate was 100%, the follow-up cases during 1, 3 and 5 years were 103, 79 and 55, respectively. The 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates were 89.1%, 60.9% and 49.8%, respectively, with a median survival time of 48.5 months for patients with bone metastases from PCa. In univariate analysis, age, Gleason score, clinical stage, the number of bone lesions, alkaline phosphatase （ALP） level, invasion of neighbouring organs and non-regional lymph node metastases were correlated with prognosis. By multivariate analysis using Cox regression, ALP level, Gleason score and non-regional lymph node metastases were independent prognostic factors. These prognostic factors will help us to determine the appropriate dose and fraction of radiotherapy for these patients.
