Diamonds were formed in the mantle lithosphere,mostly at depths of 150~200km in the centres of Precambrian cratons,the buoyant ancient cores of continents.From there they were normally transported into the upper crust...Diamonds were formed in the mantle lithosphere,mostly at depths of 150~200km in the centres of Precambrian cratons,the buoyant ancient cores of continents.From there they were normally transported into the upper crust in kimberlite pipes whose diamonds are largely colourless and light yellow related to trace element N(Ia type),although brown,green,and more rarely blue-coloured diamonds are related to lattice defect and trace amounts of H,more rarely B and Ni.Pink diamonds are extremely rare in the approximately 90 diamondiferous pipes mined globally.Although small quantities have been discovered elsewhere,about 90%have been mined from the ca.1.3Ga Argyle diamond pipe in Western Australia,with the Arkhangelskaya diamond pipe in Russia the only other significant source.The pink colour at both Argyle and Arkhangelskaya is unrelated to trace elements and instead results from absorption of light from nanoscale(550nm)defects related to shear stress and plastic deformation.Macroscopically,defects are shown by glide planes,lamellae,and grain lines imposed on the originally colourless diamonds derived from their mantle source.The key question is why these defects were uniquely acquired in diamonds in the Argyle and Arkhangelskaya pipes.Unlike most diamondiferous pipes,Argyle is a rare diamondiferous volatile-rich lamproite pipe that was emplaced into the multiply deformed and rifted NNE-trending Halls Creek Orogen on the margin of the Kimberley Craton.Similarly,Arkhangelskaya in the Devonian Lomonosov kimberlite cluster is a volatile-rich low-Ti type kimberlite,a close relative to lamproite,that was emplaced into the multiply deformed Lapland-Kola Orogen on the rifted margin of the Kola Craton.These craton margins are underlain by subduction-induced volatile-enriched metasomatized mantle lithosphere in contrast to the more primeval mantle under craton centres.It is thus likely that shear stresses were exacerbated at Argyle and Arkangelskaya by rapid vertical emplacement of the anomalous volatile-enriched magmas at supercritical pressures and temperatures,that induced catastrophic phase separation of these volatiles and'mini seismic events'during rapid pressure drops during ascent from 200km depth to the surface.Such a mechanism is consistent with the presence of strongly resorbed and plastically deformed small brown industrial diamonds in the Argyle pipe.From a China perspective,it is potentially important that at 1.3Ga the alkaline Argyle pipe in northern Australia is placed adjacent to the North China Craton(NCC),with numerous world-class mineral deposits including the giant ca.1.4~1.2Ga alkaline Bayan Obo REE system on its margin.However,it is the southeastern margin of the Yangtze Craton and the Jiangnan Orogen with their lamproite pipes derived from metasomatized mantle lithosphere that present the most prospective regions for pink diamond occurrences.展开更多
目的利用网络药理学、分子对接技术和细胞实验验证,探讨藏红花素改善阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)的作用机制。方法运用Super-PRED、DisGenet、Genecards、Uniprot、STRING数据库构建藏红花素与AD的相互作用网络,导入Cytoscap...目的利用网络药理学、分子对接技术和细胞实验验证,探讨藏红花素改善阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)的作用机制。方法运用Super-PRED、DisGenet、Genecards、Uniprot、STRING数据库构建藏红花素与AD的相互作用网络,导入Cytoscape软件根据连接程度筛选枢纽基因,并进行基因本体(gene ontology,GO)功能及京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG)通路富集分析,应用Autodock vina软件进行分子对接验证。体外采用脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)诱导BV2小胶质细胞炎症模型,给予藏红花素干预后,采用CCK-8法检测细胞活力,qRT-PCR检测肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)、IL-6 m RNA表达,Western blotting检测磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase,PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(protein kinase B,Akt)/糖原合成酶激酶-3β(glycogen synthase kinase-3β,GSK-3β)通路相关蛋白表达。结果网络药理学结果显示,藏红花素可能通过调控PI3K-Akt信号通路、缺氧诱导因子-1(hypoxia inducible factor-1,HIF-1)信号通路等,作用于热休克蛋白90AA1(heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1,HSP90AA1)、核因子-κB(nuclear factor-κB,NF-κB)、Toll样受体4(Tolllike receptor 4,TLR4)、磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶调节亚基1(phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit 1,PIK3R1)、磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶催化亚基α(phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunitα,PIK3CA)、E1A结合蛋白p300(E1A-binding protein p300,EP300)等靶点,发挥治疗AD的作用。分子对接结果显示藏红花素与PIK3R1靶点对接效果良好。细胞实验结果显示,藏红花素显著抑制LPS诱导的BV2细胞中炎症因子表达(P<0.05、0.01),促进PI3K、Akt、GSK-3β的磷酸化(P<0.05)。结论藏红花素具有改善小胶质细胞极化、抗神经炎症的作用,其作用机制与激活PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β通路有关。展开更多
旨在利用全基因组关联分析(genome-wide association study,GWAS)挖掘与鉴定吐鲁番黑羊体重和体尺性状的相关候选基因及分子标记,为吐鲁番黑羊的选育提高及资源开发利用提供科学依据。本研究选取129只年龄在1~3岁、饲养环境一致的健康...旨在利用全基因组关联分析(genome-wide association study,GWAS)挖掘与鉴定吐鲁番黑羊体重和体尺性状的相关候选基因及分子标记,为吐鲁番黑羊的选育提高及资源开发利用提供科学依据。本研究选取129只年龄在1~3岁、饲养环境一致的健康吐鲁番黑羊公羊,测定体重、体高、体斜长、胸围、管围、胸宽、胸深、尾宽、尾长共9项体重体尺性状表型数据;随后使用的一次性采血管(添加EDTA-K2抗凝剂)采集5 mL颈静脉外周血提取DNA。对合格的DNA样本进行简化基因组测序(genotyping-by-sequencing,GBS),运用samtools、bcftools等软件对原始测序数据进行检测、过滤及功能注释;然后利用GCTA、TreeBeST、GEMMA等软件分别完成群体遗传结构分析、群体分层评估及全基因组关联分析。本研究测序得到160.88 G的Raw data,质控后Clean data为157.87 G,获得460766个SNPs位点。全基因关联分析在9个性状中共筛选到74个显著SNPs位点(P<10-5),进一步注释得到到39个候选基因。单倍型分析发现候选基因的多个显著位点均位于单倍型block区域内。本研究鉴定了与吐鲁番黑羊体重体尺性状显著关联的SNP位点及候选基因,为深入解析这些性状的遗传机制提供了重要依据,同时也为吐鲁番黑羊分子标记辅助育种提供了基础数据。展开更多
文摘Diamonds were formed in the mantle lithosphere,mostly at depths of 150~200km in the centres of Precambrian cratons,the buoyant ancient cores of continents.From there they were normally transported into the upper crust in kimberlite pipes whose diamonds are largely colourless and light yellow related to trace element N(Ia type),although brown,green,and more rarely blue-coloured diamonds are related to lattice defect and trace amounts of H,more rarely B and Ni.Pink diamonds are extremely rare in the approximately 90 diamondiferous pipes mined globally.Although small quantities have been discovered elsewhere,about 90%have been mined from the ca.1.3Ga Argyle diamond pipe in Western Australia,with the Arkhangelskaya diamond pipe in Russia the only other significant source.The pink colour at both Argyle and Arkhangelskaya is unrelated to trace elements and instead results from absorption of light from nanoscale(550nm)defects related to shear stress and plastic deformation.Macroscopically,defects are shown by glide planes,lamellae,and grain lines imposed on the originally colourless diamonds derived from their mantle source.The key question is why these defects were uniquely acquired in diamonds in the Argyle and Arkhangelskaya pipes.Unlike most diamondiferous pipes,Argyle is a rare diamondiferous volatile-rich lamproite pipe that was emplaced into the multiply deformed and rifted NNE-trending Halls Creek Orogen on the margin of the Kimberley Craton.Similarly,Arkhangelskaya in the Devonian Lomonosov kimberlite cluster is a volatile-rich low-Ti type kimberlite,a close relative to lamproite,that was emplaced into the multiply deformed Lapland-Kola Orogen on the rifted margin of the Kola Craton.These craton margins are underlain by subduction-induced volatile-enriched metasomatized mantle lithosphere in contrast to the more primeval mantle under craton centres.It is thus likely that shear stresses were exacerbated at Argyle and Arkangelskaya by rapid vertical emplacement of the anomalous volatile-enriched magmas at supercritical pressures and temperatures,that induced catastrophic phase separation of these volatiles and'mini seismic events'during rapid pressure drops during ascent from 200km depth to the surface.Such a mechanism is consistent with the presence of strongly resorbed and plastically deformed small brown industrial diamonds in the Argyle pipe.From a China perspective,it is potentially important that at 1.3Ga the alkaline Argyle pipe in northern Australia is placed adjacent to the North China Craton(NCC),with numerous world-class mineral deposits including the giant ca.1.4~1.2Ga alkaline Bayan Obo REE system on its margin.However,it is the southeastern margin of the Yangtze Craton and the Jiangnan Orogen with their lamproite pipes derived from metasomatized mantle lithosphere that present the most prospective regions for pink diamond occurrences.
文摘目的利用网络药理学、分子对接技术和细胞实验验证,探讨藏红花素改善阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)的作用机制。方法运用Super-PRED、DisGenet、Genecards、Uniprot、STRING数据库构建藏红花素与AD的相互作用网络,导入Cytoscape软件根据连接程度筛选枢纽基因,并进行基因本体(gene ontology,GO)功能及京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG)通路富集分析,应用Autodock vina软件进行分子对接验证。体外采用脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)诱导BV2小胶质细胞炎症模型,给予藏红花素干预后,采用CCK-8法检测细胞活力,qRT-PCR检测肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)、IL-6 m RNA表达,Western blotting检测磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase,PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(protein kinase B,Akt)/糖原合成酶激酶-3β(glycogen synthase kinase-3β,GSK-3β)通路相关蛋白表达。结果网络药理学结果显示,藏红花素可能通过调控PI3K-Akt信号通路、缺氧诱导因子-1(hypoxia inducible factor-1,HIF-1)信号通路等,作用于热休克蛋白90AA1(heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1,HSP90AA1)、核因子-κB(nuclear factor-κB,NF-κB)、Toll样受体4(Tolllike receptor 4,TLR4)、磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶调节亚基1(phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit 1,PIK3R1)、磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶催化亚基α(phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunitα,PIK3CA)、E1A结合蛋白p300(E1A-binding protein p300,EP300)等靶点,发挥治疗AD的作用。分子对接结果显示藏红花素与PIK3R1靶点对接效果良好。细胞实验结果显示,藏红花素显著抑制LPS诱导的BV2细胞中炎症因子表达(P<0.05、0.01),促进PI3K、Akt、GSK-3β的磷酸化(P<0.05)。结论藏红花素具有改善小胶质细胞极化、抗神经炎症的作用,其作用机制与激活PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β通路有关。
