Background:Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii are common nosocomial pathogens in hospital settings.Recently,they have also been found in non-hospital environments,such as poultry farms.While most studi...Background:Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii are common nosocomial pathogens in hospital settings.Recently,they have also been found in non-hospital environments,such as poultry farms.While most studies in Ethiopia have focused on these bacteria's antibiotic resistance patterns in hospitals,information regarding their prevalence and resistance in veterinary settings,particularly poultry farms,is limited.This study aimed to assess the prevalence and antibiotic resistance patterns of P.aeruginosa and A.baumannii isolated from chicken droppings on poultry farms.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2022 to June 2022.A total of 87 poultry farms were included in this study,and pooled chicken dropping samples were collected.The samples were subsequently transferred to buffered peptone water and cultured on MacConkey agar.Species of the isolates were identified via routine biochemical tests,including oxidase,catalase,urease,Simon's citrate,sulfide indole motility medium,triple sugar iron agar and growth at temperatures of 37℃ and 42℃.The Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion technique was used for antibiotic susceptibility testing.The data were entered into EpiData version 4.6 and then exported to SPSS version 26 for analysis.Fisher's exact test was used to observe an appropriate association between independent variables and the occurrence of isolates.The results are presented in the text,figures and tables.Results:Among the 87 poultry farms,41(47.1%)were positive for Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter.Among these strains,24(27.6%)P.aeruginosa strains and 13(14.9%)A.baumannii strains were recovered.P.aeruginosa showed complete resistance to tetracycline(24,100.0%)and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole(24,100.0%).Additionally,there was a high rate of resistance to ciprofloxacin(13,54.2%)and amikacin(12,50.0%).Similarly,13(100.0%)A.baumannii isolates were resistant to tetracycline,and 12(92.3%)were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.However,both isolates presented lower resistance rates to piperacillintazobactam(4,9.8%)and cefepime(7,17.1%).Both A.baumannii and P.aeruginosa exhibited multidrug resistance in 10/13(76.9%)and 16/24(66.7%)of the strains,respectively.The overall prevalence of multidrug resistance in this study was 28/41(68.3%).Conclusion:This study demonstrated that poultry farms may be potential reservoirs for P.aeruginosa and A.baumannii,including antibiotic-resistant strains.This is a significant concern to public health because poultry farmers may be contaminated,increasing their dissemination to the community.Therefore,poultry farmers should improve sanitation and reduce the misuse and overuse of antibiotics at poultry farms.展开更多
Objective:To assess the knowledge of healthcare workers on the measles vaccine and its cold chain management.Method:An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February 1 to March 30,2022 in Gondar...Objective:To assess the knowledge of healthcare workers on the measles vaccine and its cold chain management.Method:An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February 1 to March 30,2022 in Gondar City Administration public health institutions among 165 healthcare workers.Data were collected using a structured questionnaire.In addition,an on-spot observation checklist was used to assess the availability,status and management of the cold chain.A logistic regression model was used to assess the relationship between the outcome and predictor variables.Crude and adjusted odds ratios were calculated with 95%confidence intervals.Results:Overall,87(52.7%;95%CI 44.8%-60.5%)of the healthcare workers had unsatisfactory knowledge regarding the measles vaccine and its cold chain management.One hundred thirty-six(82.4%)healthcare workers correctly mentioned the recommended range of temperature(2-8℃)for measles vaccine storage.Healthcare workers aged 18-29 years(P=0.001)and 30-44 years(P=0.014)were observed as determinants of unsatisfactory knowledge on the measles vaccine and its cold chain management.One hundred and five(63.6%)of the healthcare workers did not correctly mention the type of measles vaccine used in routine immunization.More than one-third(36.4%)of the healthcare workers perceived that the measles vaccine is not safe and could cause measles.Conclusions:More than half of the healthcare workers in the study area had unsatisfactory knowledge on the measles vaccine and its cold chain management.It is necessary to provide technical support and in-service training for healthcare workers to ensure optimal immunization effectiveness.展开更多
文摘Background:Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii are common nosocomial pathogens in hospital settings.Recently,they have also been found in non-hospital environments,such as poultry farms.While most studies in Ethiopia have focused on these bacteria's antibiotic resistance patterns in hospitals,information regarding their prevalence and resistance in veterinary settings,particularly poultry farms,is limited.This study aimed to assess the prevalence and antibiotic resistance patterns of P.aeruginosa and A.baumannii isolated from chicken droppings on poultry farms.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2022 to June 2022.A total of 87 poultry farms were included in this study,and pooled chicken dropping samples were collected.The samples were subsequently transferred to buffered peptone water and cultured on MacConkey agar.Species of the isolates were identified via routine biochemical tests,including oxidase,catalase,urease,Simon's citrate,sulfide indole motility medium,triple sugar iron agar and growth at temperatures of 37℃ and 42℃.The Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion technique was used for antibiotic susceptibility testing.The data were entered into EpiData version 4.6 and then exported to SPSS version 26 for analysis.Fisher's exact test was used to observe an appropriate association between independent variables and the occurrence of isolates.The results are presented in the text,figures and tables.Results:Among the 87 poultry farms,41(47.1%)were positive for Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter.Among these strains,24(27.6%)P.aeruginosa strains and 13(14.9%)A.baumannii strains were recovered.P.aeruginosa showed complete resistance to tetracycline(24,100.0%)and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole(24,100.0%).Additionally,there was a high rate of resistance to ciprofloxacin(13,54.2%)and amikacin(12,50.0%).Similarly,13(100.0%)A.baumannii isolates were resistant to tetracycline,and 12(92.3%)were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.However,both isolates presented lower resistance rates to piperacillintazobactam(4,9.8%)and cefepime(7,17.1%).Both A.baumannii and P.aeruginosa exhibited multidrug resistance in 10/13(76.9%)and 16/24(66.7%)of the strains,respectively.The overall prevalence of multidrug resistance in this study was 28/41(68.3%).Conclusion:This study demonstrated that poultry farms may be potential reservoirs for P.aeruginosa and A.baumannii,including antibiotic-resistant strains.This is a significant concern to public health because poultry farmers may be contaminated,increasing their dissemination to the community.Therefore,poultry farmers should improve sanitation and reduce the misuse and overuse of antibiotics at poultry farms.
文摘Objective:To assess the knowledge of healthcare workers on the measles vaccine and its cold chain management.Method:An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February 1 to March 30,2022 in Gondar City Administration public health institutions among 165 healthcare workers.Data were collected using a structured questionnaire.In addition,an on-spot observation checklist was used to assess the availability,status and management of the cold chain.A logistic regression model was used to assess the relationship between the outcome and predictor variables.Crude and adjusted odds ratios were calculated with 95%confidence intervals.Results:Overall,87(52.7%;95%CI 44.8%-60.5%)of the healthcare workers had unsatisfactory knowledge regarding the measles vaccine and its cold chain management.One hundred thirty-six(82.4%)healthcare workers correctly mentioned the recommended range of temperature(2-8℃)for measles vaccine storage.Healthcare workers aged 18-29 years(P=0.001)and 30-44 years(P=0.014)were observed as determinants of unsatisfactory knowledge on the measles vaccine and its cold chain management.One hundred and five(63.6%)of the healthcare workers did not correctly mention the type of measles vaccine used in routine immunization.More than one-third(36.4%)of the healthcare workers perceived that the measles vaccine is not safe and could cause measles.Conclusions:More than half of the healthcare workers in the study area had unsatisfactory knowledge on the measles vaccine and its cold chain management.It is necessary to provide technical support and in-service training for healthcare workers to ensure optimal immunization effectiveness.
