The wall-associated kinases(WAKs)play a crucial role in rice resistance,but their relationship to yield-related traits remains poorly understood.In this study,we analyzed the rice wall-associated kinase galacturonan-b...The wall-associated kinases(WAKs)play a crucial role in rice resistance,but their relationship to yield-related traits remains poorly understood.In this study,we analyzed the rice wall-associated kinase galacturonan-binding(WAKg)gene family and evaluated its association with both disease resistance and grain yield.A total of 108 OsWAKg genes were identified in rice.Promoter cis-element analysis revealed that the promoter regions of OsWAKg genes contain abundant resistance-and hormone-related elements.Induced expression analysis of 18 OsWAKg genes highly expressed in both rice leaves and roots showed that 14 genes were pathogen-induced,9 were induced by development-related hormones,and 8 were responded to both stimuli.Transgenic validation confirmed that OsWAKg16 and OsWAKg52 positively regulate rice disease resistance and yield.Moreover,OsWAKg52 regulates rice disease resistance through multiple pattern-triggered immunity responses.These findings demonstrate that OsWAKgs significantly contribute to the coordinated regulation of disease resistance and grain yield,providing new insights into rice WAKg gene family and potential genetic resources for synergistic crop improvement.展开更多
Post-translational methylation at arginine residues is one of the most important covalent modifications of proteins, involved in a myriad of essential cellular processes in eukaryotes, such as transcriptional regulati...Post-translational methylation at arginine residues is one of the most important covalent modifications of proteins, involved in a myriad of essential cellular processes in eukaryotes, such as transcriptional regulation, RNA processing, signal transduction, and DNA repair. Methylation at arginine residues is catalyzed by a family of enzymes called protein arginine methyltransferases （PRMTs）. PRMTs have been extensively studied in various taxa and there is a growing tendency to unveil their functional importance in plants. Recent studies in plants revealed that this evolutionarily conserved family of enzymes regulates essential traits including vegetative growth, flowering time, circadian cycle, and response to high medium salinity and ABA. In this review, we highlight recent advances in the field of post- translational arginine methylation with special emphasis on the roles and future prospects of this modification in plants.展开更多
Global warming poses a threat to rice production.Breeding heat-tolerant rice is an effective and economical approach to address this challenge.African rice is a valuable genetic resource for developing heat-tolerant c...Global warming poses a threat to rice production.Breeding heat-tolerant rice is an effective and economical approach to address this challenge.African rice is a valuable genetic resource for developing heat-tolerant crops due to its intricate mechanism for adapting to high temperatures.Oryza longistaminata,a widely distributed wild rice species in Africa,may harbor an even richer gene pool for heat tolerance,which remains untapped.In this study,we identified three heat tolerance QTLs from O.longistaminata at the seedling stage,including novel heat tolerance loci qTT4 and qTT5.Our findings demonstrated that the O.longistaminata alleles for these two QTLs can enhance the heat tolerance of rice seedlings.Remarkably,qTT5 was mapped to a region spanning approximately 287.2 kb,which contains 46 expressing genes.Through the analysis of Gene Ontology and expression differences under heat induction,we identified four candidate genes.Our results lay the foundation for discovering heat tolerance genes underlying O.longistaminata and developing new genetic resources for heat-tolerant rice breeding.展开更多
Solar energy is a fast growing energy resource among the renewable energy resources in the market and potential for solar power is huge to contribute towards the power demand almost in all the countries. To capture th...Solar energy is a fast growing energy resource among the renewable energy resources in the market and potential for solar power is huge to contribute towards the power demand almost in all the countries. To capture the maximum power from the sun light in order to generate maximum power from the inverter, control system must be an equally efficient with the well designed power electronic circuits. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control system in general is taking care of extraction of maximum power from the sun light whereas current controller is mainly designed to optimize the inverter power to feed to power grid. In this paper, a novel MPPT algorithm using neuro fuzzy system is presented to ensure the maximum MPPT efficiency in order to ensure the maximum power across the inverter terminals. Simulation and experimental results for residential solar system with power electronic converters and analysis have been presented in this paper in order to prove the proposed algorithm.展开更多
Present study was conducted to investigate the Cadmium (Cd) phytoextraction potential of two plants (Veronica anagallis-aquatic and Epilobium laxum Royle) for Cd removal from induced saline water. In hydroponic system...Present study was conducted to investigate the Cadmium (Cd) phytoextraction potential of two plants (Veronica anagallis-aquatic and Epilobium laxum Royle) for Cd removal from induced saline water. In hydroponic system, various concentrations of the Cd (50, 100, and 150 ppm) and NaCl salt (1000, 3000, and 6000 ppm) were used alone and in various combinations to evaluate the effect of salt (NaCl) concentrations on Cd absorption and accumulation in Veronica anagallis and Epilobium plants. The Cd at higher concentrations (100 and 150 ppm) significantly reduced the growth and biomass of both plants and addition of salt (NaCl) to growth media (Hoagland solution) further reduced the growth. The Cadmium (Cd) translocation factor (TF) of Epilobium plant was more than one (1), while the Veronica plant showed translocation factor less than 0.5. Veronica plant showed higher Bio-concentration factor (BCF) as more than 3.5 and Epilobium plant demonstrated Bio-concentration factor less than 1 (BCF 1 is a threshold limit for a plant to be hyper-accumulator of Cd). Conclusively, the Veronica anagallis plant is reported as Cd hyper-accumulator, while Epilobium laxum plant as non hyper-accumulator on the basis of BCF values in the present findings. Further study on Veronica and Epilobium plants is recommended.展开更多
Plastic pollution has emerged as a critical global environmental threat,relentlessly suffocating ecosystems worldwide.Despite continuous regional efforts to combat the problem,the crisis continues to escalate,with glo...Plastic pollution has emerged as a critical global environmental threat,relentlessly suffocating ecosystems worldwide.Despite continuous regional efforts to combat the problem,the crisis continues to escalate,with global plastic production projected to reach 1,100 Mt by 2050(Figure 1A).This alarming forecast underscores the urgent need for a comprehensive approach that tackles the entire life cycle of plastics,from raw material extraction to disposal.展开更多
Epigenetics refers to the study of heritable changes in gene expression or cellular phenotype without changes in DNA sequence. Epigenetic regulation of gene expression is accomplished by DNA methylation, histone modif...Epigenetics refers to the study of heritable changes in gene expression or cellular phenotype without changes in DNA sequence. Epigenetic regulation of gene expression is accomplished by DNA methylation, histone modifications, histone variants, chromatin remodeling, and may involve small RNAs. DNA methylation at cytosine is carried out by enzymes called DNA Methyltransferases and is involved in many cellular processes, such as silencing of transposable elements and pericentromeric repeats, X-chromosome inactivation and genomic imprinting, etc. Histone modifications refer to posttranslational covalent attachment of chemical groups onto histones such as phosphorylation, acetylation, and methylation, etc. Histone variants, the non-canonical histones with amino acid sequences divergent from canonical histones, can have different epigenetic impacts on the genome from canonical histones. Higher-order chromatin structures maintained or modified by chromatin remodeling proteins also play important roles in regulating gene expression. Small non-coding RNAs play various roles in the regulation of gene expression at preas well as posttranscriptional levels. A special issue of Molecular Plant on ＇Epigenetics and Plant Development＇ （Volume 4, Number 2, 2009） published a variety of articles covering many aspects of epigenetic regulation of plant development. We have tried here to present a bird＇s-eye view of these credible efforts towards understanding the mysterious world of epigenetics. The majority of the articles are about the chromatin modifying proteins, including histone modifiers, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling pro- teins that regulate various developmental processes, such as flowering time, vernalization, stem cell maintenance, and response to hormonal and environmental stresses, etc. Regulation of expression of seed transcriptome, involvement of direct tandem repeat elements in the PHE1 imprinting in addition to PcG proteins activity, paramutation, and epigenetic barriers in species hybridization are described well. The last two papers are about the Pol V-mediated heterochromatin formation in- dependent of the 24nt-siRNA and the effect of genome position and tissue type on epigenetic regulation of gene expression. These findings not only further our current understanding of epigenetic mechanisms involved in many biological phenomena, but also pave the path for the future work, by raising many new questions that are discussed in the following lines.展开更多
基金partly granted from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32470391 and 32401801)the Joint Open Competitive Project of the Yazhou Bay Laboratory and the China National Seed Company Limited(Grant No.B23YQ1515)+1 种基金the International Cooperation Projects in Hubei Province,China(Grant No.2023EHA045)the Natural Science Foundation of Wuhan University of Bioengineering,China(Grant No.2024KQ07).
文摘The wall-associated kinases(WAKs)play a crucial role in rice resistance,but their relationship to yield-related traits remains poorly understood.In this study,we analyzed the rice wall-associated kinase galacturonan-binding(WAKg)gene family and evaluated its association with both disease resistance and grain yield.A total of 108 OsWAKg genes were identified in rice.Promoter cis-element analysis revealed that the promoter regions of OsWAKg genes contain abundant resistance-and hormone-related elements.Induced expression analysis of 18 OsWAKg genes highly expressed in both rice leaves and roots showed that 14 genes were pathogen-induced,9 were induced by development-related hormones,and 8 were responded to both stimuli.Transgenic validation confirmed that OsWAKg16 and OsWAKg52 positively regulate rice disease resistance and yield.Moreover,OsWAKg52 regulates rice disease resistance through multiple pattern-triggered immunity responses.These findings demonstrate that OsWAKgs significantly contribute to the coordinated regulation of disease resistance and grain yield,providing new insights into rice WAKg gene family and potential genetic resources for synergistic crop improvement.
基金supported by National Basic Research Program of China(grant Nos.2011CB9154002009CB941500)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.30621001)the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.KSCX2-YW-N-047) to X.Cao
文摘Post-translational methylation at arginine residues is one of the most important covalent modifications of proteins, involved in a myriad of essential cellular processes in eukaryotes, such as transcriptional regulation, RNA processing, signal transduction, and DNA repair. Methylation at arginine residues is catalyzed by a family of enzymes called protein arginine methyltransferases （PRMTs）. PRMTs have been extensively studied in various taxa and there is a growing tendency to unveil their functional importance in plants. Recent studies in plants revealed that this evolutionarily conserved family of enzymes regulates essential traits including vegetative growth, flowering time, circadian cycle, and response to high medium salinity and ABA. In this review, we highlight recent advances in the field of post- translational arginine methylation with special emphasis on the roles and future prospects of this modification in plants.
基金partly granted from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U20A2023)the Joint Open Competitive Project of the Yazhou Bay Laboratory and the China National Seed Company Limitedhe Hubei Hongshan Laboratory,China(Grant No.2021hszd010)。
文摘Global warming poses a threat to rice production.Breeding heat-tolerant rice is an effective and economical approach to address this challenge.African rice is a valuable genetic resource for developing heat-tolerant crops due to its intricate mechanism for adapting to high temperatures.Oryza longistaminata,a widely distributed wild rice species in Africa,may harbor an even richer gene pool for heat tolerance,which remains untapped.In this study,we identified three heat tolerance QTLs from O.longistaminata at the seedling stage,including novel heat tolerance loci qTT4 and qTT5.Our findings demonstrated that the O.longistaminata alleles for these two QTLs can enhance the heat tolerance of rice seedlings.Remarkably,qTT5 was mapped to a region spanning approximately 287.2 kb,which contains 46 expressing genes.Through the analysis of Gene Ontology and expression differences under heat induction,we identified four candidate genes.Our results lay the foundation for discovering heat tolerance genes underlying O.longistaminata and developing new genetic resources for heat-tolerant rice breeding.
文摘Solar energy is a fast growing energy resource among the renewable energy resources in the market and potential for solar power is huge to contribute towards the power demand almost in all the countries. To capture the maximum power from the sun light in order to generate maximum power from the inverter, control system must be an equally efficient with the well designed power electronic circuits. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control system in general is taking care of extraction of maximum power from the sun light whereas current controller is mainly designed to optimize the inverter power to feed to power grid. In this paper, a novel MPPT algorithm using neuro fuzzy system is presented to ensure the maximum MPPT efficiency in order to ensure the maximum power across the inverter terminals. Simulation and experimental results for residential solar system with power electronic converters and analysis have been presented in this paper in order to prove the proposed algorithm.
文摘Present study was conducted to investigate the Cadmium (Cd) phytoextraction potential of two plants (Veronica anagallis-aquatic and Epilobium laxum Royle) for Cd removal from induced saline water. In hydroponic system, various concentrations of the Cd (50, 100, and 150 ppm) and NaCl salt (1000, 3000, and 6000 ppm) were used alone and in various combinations to evaluate the effect of salt (NaCl) concentrations on Cd absorption and accumulation in Veronica anagallis and Epilobium plants. The Cd at higher concentrations (100 and 150 ppm) significantly reduced the growth and biomass of both plants and addition of salt (NaCl) to growth media (Hoagland solution) further reduced the growth. The Cadmium (Cd) translocation factor (TF) of Epilobium plant was more than one (1), while the Veronica plant showed translocation factor less than 0.5. Veronica plant showed higher Bio-concentration factor (BCF) as more than 3.5 and Epilobium plant demonstrated Bio-concentration factor less than 1 (BCF 1 is a threshold limit for a plant to be hyper-accumulator of Cd). Conclusively, the Veronica anagallis plant is reported as Cd hyper-accumulator, while Epilobium laxum plant as non hyper-accumulator on the basis of BCF values in the present findings. Further study on Veronica and Epilobium plants is recommended.
文摘Plastic pollution has emerged as a critical global environmental threat,relentlessly suffocating ecosystems worldwide.Despite continuous regional efforts to combat the problem,the crisis continues to escalate,with global plastic production projected to reach 1,100 Mt by 2050(Figure 1A).This alarming forecast underscores the urgent need for a comprehensive approach that tackles the entire life cycle of plastics,from raw material extraction to disposal.
文摘Epigenetics refers to the study of heritable changes in gene expression or cellular phenotype without changes in DNA sequence. Epigenetic regulation of gene expression is accomplished by DNA methylation, histone modifications, histone variants, chromatin remodeling, and may involve small RNAs. DNA methylation at cytosine is carried out by enzymes called DNA Methyltransferases and is involved in many cellular processes, such as silencing of transposable elements and pericentromeric repeats, X-chromosome inactivation and genomic imprinting, etc. Histone modifications refer to posttranslational covalent attachment of chemical groups onto histones such as phosphorylation, acetylation, and methylation, etc. Histone variants, the non-canonical histones with amino acid sequences divergent from canonical histones, can have different epigenetic impacts on the genome from canonical histones. Higher-order chromatin structures maintained or modified by chromatin remodeling proteins also play important roles in regulating gene expression. Small non-coding RNAs play various roles in the regulation of gene expression at preas well as posttranscriptional levels. A special issue of Molecular Plant on ＇Epigenetics and Plant Development＇ （Volume 4, Number 2, 2009） published a variety of articles covering many aspects of epigenetic regulation of plant development. We have tried here to present a bird＇s-eye view of these credible efforts towards understanding the mysterious world of epigenetics. The majority of the articles are about the chromatin modifying proteins, including histone modifiers, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling pro- teins that regulate various developmental processes, such as flowering time, vernalization, stem cell maintenance, and response to hormonal and environmental stresses, etc. Regulation of expression of seed transcriptome, involvement of direct tandem repeat elements in the PHE1 imprinting in addition to PcG proteins activity, paramutation, and epigenetic barriers in species hybridization are described well. The last two papers are about the Pol V-mediated heterochromatin formation in- dependent of the 24nt-siRNA and the effect of genome position and tissue type on epigenetic regulation of gene expression. These findings not only further our current understanding of epigenetic mechanisms involved in many biological phenomena, but also pave the path for the future work, by raising many new questions that are discussed in the following lines.
