On site observation is the most common way of monitoring cultural heritage sites and monuments in Cyprus.However,this procedure that includes data collection,periodical observations,and multivariate risk assessment an...On site observation is the most common way of monitoring cultural heritage sites and monuments in Cyprus.However,this procedure that includes data collection,periodical observations,and multivariate risk assessment analysis is difficult to accomplish with the traditional practices and methods since it is time consuming and expensive.Furthermore,many archaeological sites and monuments are located at inaccessible areas,far away from the main road network and urban areas.Satellite remote sensing and Geographical Information Systems(GIS)can successfully confront this problem by providing the scientists with integrated monitoring of the study areas and the unique advantage to store and manipulate a large amount of spatial and attribute data simultaneously.Actually the monitoring and identification of several natural and anthropogenic hazards in the vicinity of the cultural heritage sites in Cyprus,seems to be one of the main priorities of its governmental and municipal authorities.This study aims to integrate both satellite remote sensing techniques and GIS in a multidisciplinary approach,for monitoring anthropogenic and natural hazards with the use of archived and up-to-date multitemporal remotely sensed images in the study area,namely in areas nearby cultural heritage sites and monuments in Cyprus.In this study anthropogenic hazards include urbanisation and extended land use changes in the surroundings of archaeological sites and natural hazards concern seismicity and sea erosion.展开更多
This study compares the spectral sensitivity of remotely sensed satellite images,used for the detection of archaeological remains.This comparison was based on the relative spectral response(RSR)Filters of each sensor....This study compares the spectral sensitivity of remotely sensed satellite images,used for the detection of archaeological remains.This comparison was based on the relative spectral response(RSR)Filters of each sensor.Spectral signatures profiles were obtained using the GER-1500 field spectroradiometer under clear sky conditions for eight different targets.These field spectral signature curves were simulated to ALOS,ASTER,IKONOS,Landsat 7-ETM-,Landsat 4-TM,Landsat 5-TM and SPOT 5.Red and near infrared(NIR)bandwidth reflectance were re-calculated to each one of these sensors using appropriate RSR Filters.Moreover,the normalised difference vegetation index(NDVI)and simple ratio(SR)vegetation profiles were analysed in order to evaluate their sensitivity to sensors spectral filters.The results have shown that IKONOS RSR filters can better distinguish buried archaeological remains as a result of difference in healthy and stress vegetation(approximately 18%difference in reflectance of the red and NIR band and nearly 0.07 to the NDVI profile).In comparison,all the other sensors showed similar results and sensitivities.This difference of IKONOS sensor might be a result of its spectral characteristics(bandwidths and RSR filters)since they are different from the rest of sensors compared in this study.展开更多
Among the environmental threats,the intensification of natural hazards,such as soil erosion may threaten the integrity and value of cultural heritage sites.In this framework,the present study’s main objective was to ...Among the environmental threats,the intensification of natural hazards,such as soil erosion may threaten the integrity and value of cultural heritage sites.In this framework,the present study’s main objective was to identify archaeological sites susceptible by soil erosion,taking the case study of Chania prefecture in Crete Island.Remotely sensed and other available geospatial datasets were analyzed in a GIS-based empirical model,namely Unit Stream Power Erosion and Deposition(USPED),to estimate the average annual soil loss and deposition rates due to waterinduced erosion in the study area.The resultant erosion map was then intersected with the locations and surrounding zones of the known archaeological sites for identifying the sites and the portions of their vicinity being at risk.The results revealed that Chania prefecture and its cultural heritage are significantly affected by both soil loss and deposition processes.Between the two processes,soil loss was found to be more intensive,influencing a larger part of the prefecture(especially to the west)as well as a higher amount of archaeological sites.The extreme and high soil loss classes were also detected to cover the most considerable portion of the sites’surrounding area.The identification of the archaeological sites being most exposed to soil erosion hazard can constitute a basis for cultural heritage managers in order to take preventive preserva-tion measures and develop specific risk mitigation strategies.展开更多
WORLD HERITAGE AND SPACE TECHNOLOGY The Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage(WHC),adopted by United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization(UNESCO)on Novembe...WORLD HERITAGE AND SPACE TECHNOLOGY The Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage(WHC),adopted by United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization(UNESCO)on November 16,1972,aims to ensure the identification,protection,conservation,presentation,and transmission to future generations of the world’s cultural and natural heritage.The WHC works toward these goals by emphasizing the Outstanding Universal Value(OUV)of heritage sites and the unique contribution such places can make to conservation and human development agendas.1 As of the end of January 2023,theWHC has been signed by 194 state parties,covering 1,157 sites(including 900 cultural,218 natural,and 39 mixed properties),55 of which are considered to be in danger.These sites,totaling an area of more than 370 million hectares are designated as World Heritage(WH)sites(https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/).WH sites have played a significant role in the sustainable development of society globally and helped effectively maintain and preserve the cultural diversity and global biodiversity of the Earth.展开更多
基金the“ATHENA”project H2020-TWINN2015 of European Commissionthe European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under[grant agreement number 691936].
基金Cyprus University of Technology/Department of Civil Engineering and Geomatics(Remote Sensing Laboratory)for supporting this study.They would also like to acknowledge the Geological Survey Department of Cyprus,the Department of Land and Surveys of Cyprus,the Public Works Department of Cyprus,Mr.Christos Efstathiades and Dr.Nicholas Kyriakides for their valuable contribution to specific topics of the paper.
文摘On site observation is the most common way of monitoring cultural heritage sites and monuments in Cyprus.However,this procedure that includes data collection,periodical observations,and multivariate risk assessment analysis is difficult to accomplish with the traditional practices and methods since it is time consuming and expensive.Furthermore,many archaeological sites and monuments are located at inaccessible areas,far away from the main road network and urban areas.Satellite remote sensing and Geographical Information Systems(GIS)can successfully confront this problem by providing the scientists with integrated monitoring of the study areas and the unique advantage to store and manipulate a large amount of spatial and attribute data simultaneously.Actually the monitoring and identification of several natural and anthropogenic hazards in the vicinity of the cultural heritage sites in Cyprus,seems to be one of the main priorities of its governmental and municipal authorities.This study aims to integrate both satellite remote sensing techniques and GIS in a multidisciplinary approach,for monitoring anthropogenic and natural hazards with the use of archived and up-to-date multitemporal remotely sensed images in the study area,namely in areas nearby cultural heritage sites and monuments in Cyprus.In this study anthropogenic hazards include urbanisation and extended land use changes in the surroundings of archaeological sites and natural hazards concern seismicity and sea erosion.
文摘This study compares the spectral sensitivity of remotely sensed satellite images,used for the detection of archaeological remains.This comparison was based on the relative spectral response(RSR)Filters of each sensor.Spectral signatures profiles were obtained using the GER-1500 field spectroradiometer under clear sky conditions for eight different targets.These field spectral signature curves were simulated to ALOS,ASTER,IKONOS,Landsat 7-ETM-,Landsat 4-TM,Landsat 5-TM and SPOT 5.Red and near infrared(NIR)bandwidth reflectance were re-calculated to each one of these sensors using appropriate RSR Filters.Moreover,the normalised difference vegetation index(NDVI)and simple ratio(SR)vegetation profiles were analysed in order to evaluate their sensitivity to sensors spectral filters.The results have shown that IKONOS RSR filters can better distinguish buried archaeological remains as a result of difference in healthy and stress vegetation(approximately 18%difference in reflectance of the red and NIR band and nearly 0.07 to the NDVI profile).In comparison,all the other sensors showed similar results and sensitivities.This difference of IKONOS sensor might be a result of its spectral characteristics(bandwidths and RSR filters)since they are different from the rest of sensors compared in this study.
基金supported by the Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation(HFRI)of General Secretariat for Research and Technology(GSRT)under Grant No 651.
文摘Among the environmental threats,the intensification of natural hazards,such as soil erosion may threaten the integrity and value of cultural heritage sites.In this framework,the present study’s main objective was to identify archaeological sites susceptible by soil erosion,taking the case study of Chania prefecture in Crete Island.Remotely sensed and other available geospatial datasets were analyzed in a GIS-based empirical model,namely Unit Stream Power Erosion and Deposition(USPED),to estimate the average annual soil loss and deposition rates due to waterinduced erosion in the study area.The resultant erosion map was then intersected with the locations and surrounding zones of the known archaeological sites for identifying the sites and the portions of their vicinity being at risk.The results revealed that Chania prefecture and its cultural heritage are significantly affected by both soil loss and deposition processes.Between the two processes,soil loss was found to be more intensive,influencing a larger part of the prefecture(especially to the west)as well as a higher amount of archaeological sites.The extreme and high soil loss classes were also detected to cover the most considerable portion of the sites’surrounding area.The identification of the archaeological sites being most exposed to soil erosion hazard can constitute a basis for cultural heritage managers in order to take preventive preserva-tion measures and develop specific risk mitigation strategies.
基金supported by the Innovative Research Program of the International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals(grant CBAS2022IRP09)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(grant 2023135).
文摘WORLD HERITAGE AND SPACE TECHNOLOGY The Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage(WHC),adopted by United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization(UNESCO)on November 16,1972,aims to ensure the identification,protection,conservation,presentation,and transmission to future generations of the world’s cultural and natural heritage.The WHC works toward these goals by emphasizing the Outstanding Universal Value(OUV)of heritage sites and the unique contribution such places can make to conservation and human development agendas.1 As of the end of January 2023,theWHC has been signed by 194 state parties,covering 1,157 sites(including 900 cultural,218 natural,and 39 mixed properties),55 of which are considered to be in danger.These sites,totaling an area of more than 370 million hectares are designated as World Heritage(WH)sites(https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/).WH sites have played a significant role in the sustainable development of society globally and helped effectively maintain and preserve the cultural diversity and global biodiversity of the Earth.
