Dear Editor,Human parechoviruses(HPeVs)are members of the Picornaviridae family and consist of a non-enveloped positive-sense single-stranded RNA(+ssRNA)(Kadambariet al.2019;Sridhar et al.2019).The Parechovirus genus ...Dear Editor,Human parechoviruses(HPeVs)are members of the Picornaviridae family and consist of a non-enveloped positive-sense single-stranded RNA(+ssRNA)(Kadambariet al.2019;Sridhar et al.2019).The Parechovirus genus is comprised of six species,Parechovirus A,B(formerly named Ljungan virus),C(Sebokele virus),D(ferret parechovirus),E(falcon parechovirus)and F(gecko parechovirus).Their 7.3 kb genome contains 3 regions(P1–P3),which encode a polyprotein.The P1 region encodes the structural proteins of the virus in the following order VP0,VP3 and VP1,which form the icosahedral capsid(Benschop et al.2010).展开更多
Introduction:Coronavirus disease-2019(COVID-19)presents with a variety of symptoms,but rhabdomyolysis has rarely been reported in children.Case presentation:We report a 10-year-old girl who presented with fever,myalgi...Introduction:Coronavirus disease-2019(COVID-19)presents with a variety of symptoms,but rhabdomyolysis has rarely been reported in children.Case presentation:We report a 10-year-old girl who presented with fever,myalgia,and limping.The patient was tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2.On admission,creatine kinase(CK)level was 13147 units per liter and the patient was diagnosed with rhabdomyolysis.She was treated with intravenous fluids,which resulted in CK levels decrease.There are currently seven case reports of children with rhabdomyolysis associated with acute COVID-19 infection and two reports with the multisystemic inflammatory syndrome.Conclusion:Children presenting with muscle pain and weakness in the acute phase or following COVID-19 infection,should alert physicians of the possibility of rhabdomyolysis.展开更多
Host immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),especially in children,are still under investigation.Children with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)constitute a significant study ...Host immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),especially in children,are still under investigation.Children with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)constitute a significant study group of immune responses as they rarely present with severe clinical manifestations,require hospitalization,or develop complications such as multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children(MIS-C)associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection.The deciphering of children’s immune responses during COVID-19 infection will provide information about the protective mechanisms,while new potential targets for future therapies are likely to be revealed.Despite the limited immunological studies in children with COVID-19,this review compares data between adults and children in terms of innate and adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2,discusses the possible reasons why children are mostly asymptomatic,and highlights unanswered or unclear immunological issues.Current evidence suggests that the activity of innate immunity seems to be crucial to the early phases of SARS-CoV-2 infection and adaptive memory immunity is vital to prevent reinfection.展开更多
文摘Dear Editor,Human parechoviruses(HPeVs)are members of the Picornaviridae family and consist of a non-enveloped positive-sense single-stranded RNA(+ssRNA)(Kadambariet al.2019;Sridhar et al.2019).The Parechovirus genus is comprised of six species,Parechovirus A,B(formerly named Ljungan virus),C(Sebokele virus),D(ferret parechovirus),E(falcon parechovirus)and F(gecko parechovirus).Their 7.3 kb genome contains 3 regions(P1–P3),which encode a polyprotein.The P1 region encodes the structural proteins of the virus in the following order VP0,VP3 and VP1,which form the icosahedral capsid(Benschop et al.2010).
文摘Introduction:Coronavirus disease-2019(COVID-19)presents with a variety of symptoms,but rhabdomyolysis has rarely been reported in children.Case presentation:We report a 10-year-old girl who presented with fever,myalgia,and limping.The patient was tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2.On admission,creatine kinase(CK)level was 13147 units per liter and the patient was diagnosed with rhabdomyolysis.She was treated with intravenous fluids,which resulted in CK levels decrease.There are currently seven case reports of children with rhabdomyolysis associated with acute COVID-19 infection and two reports with the multisystemic inflammatory syndrome.Conclusion:Children presenting with muscle pain and weakness in the acute phase or following COVID-19 infection,should alert physicians of the possibility of rhabdomyolysis.
文摘Host immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),especially in children,are still under investigation.Children with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)constitute a significant study group of immune responses as they rarely present with severe clinical manifestations,require hospitalization,or develop complications such as multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children(MIS-C)associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection.The deciphering of children’s immune responses during COVID-19 infection will provide information about the protective mechanisms,while new potential targets for future therapies are likely to be revealed.Despite the limited immunological studies in children with COVID-19,this review compares data between adults and children in terms of innate and adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2,discusses the possible reasons why children are mostly asymptomatic,and highlights unanswered or unclear immunological issues.Current evidence suggests that the activity of innate immunity seems to be crucial to the early phases of SARS-CoV-2 infection and adaptive memory immunity is vital to prevent reinfection.
