Agriculture is essential for the economy and plant disease must be minimized.Early recognition of problems is important,but the manual inspection is slow,error-prone,and has high manpower and time requirements.Artific...Agriculture is essential for the economy and plant disease must be minimized.Early recognition of problems is important,but the manual inspection is slow,error-prone,and has high manpower and time requirements.Artificial intelligence can be used to extract fruit color,shape,or texture data,thus aiding the detection of infections.Recently,the convolutional neural network(CNN)techniques show a massive success for image classification tasks.CNN extracts more detailed features and can work efficiently with large datasets.In this work,we used a combined deep neural network and contour feature-based approach to classify fruits and their diseases.A fine-tuned,pretrained deep learning model(VGG19)was retrained using a plant dataset,from which useful features were extracted.Next,contour features were extracted using pyramid histogram of oriented gradient(PHOG)and combined with the deep features using serial based approach.During the fusion process,a few pieces of redundant information were added in the form of features.Then,a“relevance-based”optimization technique was used to select the best features from the fused vector for the final classifications.With the use of multiple classifiers,an accuracy of up to 99.6%was achieved on the proposed method,which is superior to previous techniques.Moreover,our approach is useful for 5G technology,cloud computing,and the Internet of Things(IoT).展开更多
AIM:To investigate the proteome changes of stem cells due to ciclopirox olamine (CPX) treatment compared to control and retinoic acid treated cells. METHODS:Stem cells (SCs) are cells, which have the ability to contin...AIM:To investigate the proteome changes of stem cells due to ciclopirox olamine (CPX) treatment compared to control and retinoic acid treated cells. METHODS:Stem cells (SCs) are cells, which have the ability to continuously divide and differentiate into various other kinds of cells. Murine embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and multipotent adult germline stem cells (maG-SCs) were treated with CPX, which has been shown to have an antiproliferative effect on stem cells, and compared to stem cells treated with retinoic acid (RA),which is known to have a differentiating effect on stem cells. Classical proteomic techniques like 2-D gel electrophoresis and differential in-gel electrophoresis (DIGE) were used to generate 2D protein maps from stem cells treated with RA or CPX as well as from non-treated stem cells. The resulting 2D gels were scanned and the digitalized images were collated with the help of Delta 2D software. The differentially expressed proteins were analyzed by a MALDI-TOF-TOF mass spectrometer, and the identified proteins were investigated and categorized using bioinformatics. RESULTS:Treatment of stem cells with CPX, a synthetic antifungal clinically used to treat superficial mycoses, resulted in an antiproliferative effect in vitro, without impairment of pluripotency. To understand the mechanisms induced by CPX treatments which results in arrest of cell cycle without any marked effect on pluripotency, a comparative proteomics study was conducted. The obtained data revealed that the CPX impact on cell proliferation was accompanied with a significant alteration in stem cell proteome. By peptide mass fingerprinting and tandem mass spectrometry combined with searches of protein sequence databases, a set of 316 proteins was identified, corresponding to a library of 125 non-redundant proteins. With proteomic analysis of ESCs and maGSCs treated with CPX and RA, we could identify more than 90 single proteins, which were differently expressed in both cell lines. We could highlight, that CPX treatment of stem cells, with subsequent proliferation inhibition, resulted in an alteration of the expression of 56 proteins compared to nontreated cells, and 54 proteins compared to RA treated cells. Bioinformatics analysis of the regulated proteins demonstrated their involvement in various biological processes. To our interest, a number of proteins have potential roles in the regulation of cell proliferation either directly or indirectly. Furthermore the classification of the altered polypeptides according to their main known/postulated functions revealed that the majority of these proteins are involved in molecular functions like nucleotide binding and metal ion binding, and biological processes like nucleotide biosynthetic processes, gene expression, embryonic development, regulation of transcription, cell cycle processes, RNA and mRNA processing. Proteins, which are involved in nucleotide biosynthetic process and proteolysis, were downregulated in CPX treated cells compared to control, as well as in RA treated cells, which may explain the cell cycle arrest. Moreover, proteins which were involved in cell death, positive regulation of biosynthetic process, response to organic substance, glycolysis, anti-apoptosis, and phosphorylation were downregulated in RA treated cells compared to control and CPX treated cells. CONCLUSION:The CPX treatment of SCs results in downregulation of nucleotide binding proteins and leads to cell cycle stop without impairment of pluripotency.展开更多
基金the MSIT(Ministry of Science and ICT),Korea,under the ICAN(ICT Challenge and Advanced Network of HRD)program(IITP-2020-2020-0-01832)supervised by the IITP(Institute of Information&Communications Technology Planning&Evaluation)and the Soonchunhyang University Research Fund.
文摘Agriculture is essential for the economy and plant disease must be minimized.Early recognition of problems is important,but the manual inspection is slow,error-prone,and has high manpower and time requirements.Artificial intelligence can be used to extract fruit color,shape,or texture data,thus aiding the detection of infections.Recently,the convolutional neural network(CNN)techniques show a massive success for image classification tasks.CNN extracts more detailed features and can work efficiently with large datasets.In this work,we used a combined deep neural network and contour feature-based approach to classify fruits and their diseases.A fine-tuned,pretrained deep learning model(VGG19)was retrained using a plant dataset,from which useful features were extracted.Next,contour features were extracted using pyramid histogram of oriented gradient(PHOG)and combined with the deep features using serial based approach.During the fusion process,a few pieces of redundant information were added in the form of features.Then,a“relevance-based”optimization technique was used to select the best features from the fused vector for the final classifications.With the use of multiple classifiers,an accuracy of up to 99.6%was achieved on the proposed method,which is superior to previous techniques.Moreover,our approach is useful for 5G technology,cloud computing,and the Internet of Things(IoT).
文摘AIM:To investigate the proteome changes of stem cells due to ciclopirox olamine (CPX) treatment compared to control and retinoic acid treated cells. METHODS:Stem cells (SCs) are cells, which have the ability to continuously divide and differentiate into various other kinds of cells. Murine embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and multipotent adult germline stem cells (maG-SCs) were treated with CPX, which has been shown to have an antiproliferative effect on stem cells, and compared to stem cells treated with retinoic acid (RA),which is known to have a differentiating effect on stem cells. Classical proteomic techniques like 2-D gel electrophoresis and differential in-gel electrophoresis (DIGE) were used to generate 2D protein maps from stem cells treated with RA or CPX as well as from non-treated stem cells. The resulting 2D gels were scanned and the digitalized images were collated with the help of Delta 2D software. The differentially expressed proteins were analyzed by a MALDI-TOF-TOF mass spectrometer, and the identified proteins were investigated and categorized using bioinformatics. RESULTS:Treatment of stem cells with CPX, a synthetic antifungal clinically used to treat superficial mycoses, resulted in an antiproliferative effect in vitro, without impairment of pluripotency. To understand the mechanisms induced by CPX treatments which results in arrest of cell cycle without any marked effect on pluripotency, a comparative proteomics study was conducted. The obtained data revealed that the CPX impact on cell proliferation was accompanied with a significant alteration in stem cell proteome. By peptide mass fingerprinting and tandem mass spectrometry combined with searches of protein sequence databases, a set of 316 proteins was identified, corresponding to a library of 125 non-redundant proteins. With proteomic analysis of ESCs and maGSCs treated with CPX and RA, we could identify more than 90 single proteins, which were differently expressed in both cell lines. We could highlight, that CPX treatment of stem cells, with subsequent proliferation inhibition, resulted in an alteration of the expression of 56 proteins compared to nontreated cells, and 54 proteins compared to RA treated cells. Bioinformatics analysis of the regulated proteins demonstrated their involvement in various biological processes. To our interest, a number of proteins have potential roles in the regulation of cell proliferation either directly or indirectly. Furthermore the classification of the altered polypeptides according to their main known/postulated functions revealed that the majority of these proteins are involved in molecular functions like nucleotide binding and metal ion binding, and biological processes like nucleotide biosynthetic processes, gene expression, embryonic development, regulation of transcription, cell cycle processes, RNA and mRNA processing. Proteins, which are involved in nucleotide biosynthetic process and proteolysis, were downregulated in CPX treated cells compared to control, as well as in RA treated cells, which may explain the cell cycle arrest. Moreover, proteins which were involved in cell death, positive regulation of biosynthetic process, response to organic substance, glycolysis, anti-apoptosis, and phosphorylation were downregulated in RA treated cells compared to control and CPX treated cells. CONCLUSION:The CPX treatment of SCs results in downregulation of nucleotide binding proteins and leads to cell cycle stop without impairment of pluripotency.
